Abstract: Current advancements in nanotechnology are dependent on the capabilities that can enable nano-scientists to extend their eyes and hands into the nano-world. For this purpose, a haptics (devices capable of recreating tactile or force sensations) based system for AFM (Atomic Force Microscope) is proposed. The system enables the nano-scientists to touch and feel the sample surfaces, viewed through AFM, in order to provide them with better understanding of the physical properties of the surface, such as roughness, stiffness and shape of molecular architecture. At this stage, the proposed work uses of ine images produced using AFM and perform image analysis to create virtual surfaces suitable for haptics force analysis. The research work is in the process of extension from of ine to online process where interaction will be done directly on the material surface for realistic analysis.
Abstract: In this paper, five options of Iran’s gas flare recovery
have been compared via MCDM method. For developing the model,
the weighing factor of each indicator an AHP method is used via the
Expert-choice software. Several cases were considered in this
analysis. They are defined where the priorities were defined always
keeping one criterion in first position, while the priorities of the other
criteria were defined by ordinal information defining the mutual
relations of the criteria and the respective indicators. The results,
show that amongst these cases, priority is obtained for CHP usage
where availability indicator is highly weighted while the pipeline
usage is obtained where environmental indicator highly weighted and
the injection priority is obtained where economic indicator is highly
weighted and also when the weighing factor of all the criteria are the
same the Injection priority is obtained.
Abstract: The issue of scientific – technological parks has been
proposed in several countries of the world especially in western
countries since a few decades ago and its efficiency is under
examination. In our county Iran, some scientific – technological
parks have been established or are being established. This design
would evaluate the urban role and method of architecture of these
parks in order to criticize its efficiency and offer some suggestions,
as much as possible to improve its building methods in Iran. The
main problem of this design is that how much these parks in Iran do
meet the international measurements. So for this reason, one
scientific park in Iran and one from western countries would be
studied and compared with each other.
Abstract: Eukaryotic protein-coding genes are interrupted by spliceosomal introns, which are removed from the RNA transcripts before translation into a protein. The exon-intron structures of different eukaryotic species are quite different from each other, and the evolution of such structures raises many questions. We try to address some of these questions using statistical analysis of whole genomes. We go through all the protein-coding genes in a genome and study correlations between the net length of all the exons in a gene, the number of the exons, and the average length of an exon. We also take average values of these features for each chromosome and study correlations between those averages on the chromosomal level. Our data show universal features of exon-intron structures common to animals, plants, and protists (specifically, Arabidopsis thaliana, Caenorhabditis elegans, Drosophila melanogaster, Cryptococcus neoformans, Homo sapiens, Mus musculus, Oryza sativa, and Plasmodium falciparum). We have verified linear correlation between the number of exons in a gene and the length of a protein coded by the gene, while the protein length increases in proportion to the number of exons. On the other hand, the average length of an exon always decreases with the number of exons. Finally, chromosome clustering based on average chromosome properties and parameters of linear regression between the number of exons in a gene and the net length of those exons demonstrates that these average chromosome properties are genome-specific features.
Abstract: The aim of this paper is description of the notion of
the death for prisoners and the ways of deal with. They express
indifference, coldness, inability to accept the blame, they have no
shame and no empathy. Is it enough to perform acts verging on the
death. In this paper we described mechanisms and regularities of selfdestructive
behaviour in the view of the relevant literature? The
explanation of the phenomenon is of a biological and sociopsychological
nature. It must be clearly stated that all forms of selfdestructive
behaviour result from various impulses, conflicts and
deficits. That is why they should be treated differently in terms of
motivation and functions which they perform in a given group of
people. Behind self-destruction there seems to be a motivational
mechanism which forces prisoners to rebel and fight against the hated
law and penitentiary systems. The imprisoned believe that pain and
suffering inflicted on them by themselves are better than passive
acceptance of repression. The variety of self-destruction acts is wide,
and some of them take strange forms. We assume that a life-death
barrier is a kind of game for them. If they cannot change the
degrading situation, their life loses sense.
Abstract: Dust storms are one of the most costly and destructive
events in many desert regions. They can cause massive damages both
in natural environments and human lives. This paper is aimed at
presenting a preliminary study on dust storms, as a major natural
hazard in arid and semi-arid regions. As a case study, dust storm
events occurred in Zabol city located in Sistan Region of Iran was
analyzed to diagnose and predict dust storms. The identification and
prediction of dust storm events could have significant impacts on
damages reduction. Present models for this purpose are complicated
and not appropriate for many areas with poor-data environments. The
present study explores Gamma test for identifying inputs of ANNs
model, for dust storm prediction. Results indicate that more attempts
must be carried out concerning dust storms identification and
segregate between various dust storm types.
Abstract: A high energy dual-wavelength extracavity KTA
optical parametric oscillator (OPO) with excellent stability and beam
quality, which is pumped by a Q-switched single-longitudinal-mode
Nd:YAG laser, has been demonstrated based on a type II noncritical
phase matching (NCPM) KTA crystal. The maximum pulse energy of
10.2 mJ with the output stability of better than 4.1% rms at 3.467 μm is
obtained at the repetition rate of 10 Hz and pulse width of 2 ns, and the
11.9 mJ of 1.535 μm radiation is obtained simultaneously. This
extracavity NCPM KTA OPO is very useful when high energy, high
beam quality and smooth time domain are needed.
Abstract: Long terms variation of solar insolation had been
widely studied. However, its parallel observations in short time scale
is rather lacking. This paper aims to investigate the short time scale
evolution of solar radiation spectrum (UV, PAR, and NIR bands) due
to atmospheric aerosols and water vapors. A total of 25 days of
global and diffused solar spectrum ranges from air mass 2 to 6 were
collected using ground-based spectrometer with shadowband
technique. The result shows that variation of solar radiation is the
least in UV fraction, followed by PAR and the most in NIR. Broader
variations in PAR and NIR are associated with the short time scale
fluctuations of aerosol and water vapors. The corresponding daily
evolution of UV, PAR, and NIR fractions implies that aerosol and
water vapors variation could also be responsible for the deviation
pattern in the Langley-plot analysis.
Abstract: Clustering algorithms help to understand the hidden
information present in datasets. A dataset may contain intrinsic and
nested clusters, the detection of which is of utmost importance. This
paper presents a Distributed Grid-based Density Clustering algorithm
capable of identifying arbitrary shaped embedded clusters as well as
multi-density clusters over large spatial datasets. For handling
massive datasets, we implemented our method using a 'sharednothing'
architecture where multiple computers are interconnected
over a network. Experimental results are reported to establish the
superiority of the technique in terms of scale-up, speedup as well as
cluster quality.
Abstract: Shadow detection is still considered as one of the
potential challenges for intelligent automated video surveillance
systems. A pre requisite for reliable and accurate detection and
tracking is the correct shadow detection and classification. In such a
landscape of conditions, privacy issues add more and more
complexity and require reliable shadow detection.
In this work the intertwining between security, accuracy,
reliability and privacy is analyzed and, accordingly, a novel
architecture for Privacy Enhancing Video Surveillance (PEVS) is
introduced. Shadow detection and masking are dealt with through the
combination of two different approaches simultaneously. This results
in a unique privacy enhancement, without affecting security.
Subsequently, the methodology was employed successfully in a
large-scale wireless video surveillance system; privacy relevant
information was stored and encrypted on the unit, without
transferring it over an un-trusted network.
Abstract: Intrusion Detection Systems are increasingly a key
part of systems defense. Various approaches to Intrusion Detection
are currently being used, but they are relatively ineffective. Artificial
Intelligence plays a driving role in security services. This paper
proposes a dynamic model Intelligent Intrusion Detection System,
based on specific AI approach for intrusion detection. The
techniques that are being investigated includes neural networks and
fuzzy logic with network profiling, that uses simple data mining
techniques to process the network data. The proposed system is a
hybrid system that combines anomaly, misuse and host based
detection. Simple Fuzzy rules allow us to construct if-then rules that
reflect common ways of describing security attacks. For host based
intrusion detection we use neural-networks along with self
organizing maps. Suspicious intrusions can be traced back to its
original source path and any traffic from that particular source will
be redirected back to them in future. Both network traffic and system
audit data are used as inputs for both.
Abstract: This study aims at investigating factors in research
and development (R&D) growth and exploring the role of R&D
management in enhancing social innovation and productivity
improvement in Iran-s industrial sector. It basically explores the
common types of R&D activities and the industries which benefited
the most from active R&D units in Iran. The researchers generated
qualitative analyses obtained from primary and secondary data.
The primary data have been retrieved through interviews with five
key players (Managing Director, Internal Manager, General Manager,
Executive Manager, and Project Manager) in the industrial sector.
The secondary data acquired from an investigation on Mazandaran, a
province of northern Iran. The findings highlight Iran-s focuses of R
& D on cost reduction and upgrading productivity. Industries that
have benefited the most from active R&D units are metallic,
machinery and equipment design, and automotive.
We rank order the primary effects of R&D on productivity
improvement as follows, industry improvement, economic growth,
using professional human resources, generating productivity and
creativity culture, creating a competitive and innovative environment,
and increasing people-s knowledge.
Generally, low budget dedication and insufficient supply of highly
skilled scientists and engineers are two important obstacles for R&D
in Iran. Whereas, R&D has resulted in improvement in Iranian
society, transfer of contemporary knowledge into the international
market is still lacking.
Abstract: In this paper, the action research driven design of a
context relevant, developmental peer review of teaching model, its
implementation strategy and its impact at an Australian university is
presented. PRO-Teaching realizes an innovative process that
triangulates contemporaneous teaching quality data from a range of
stakeholders including students, discipline academics, learning and
teaching expert academics, and teacher reflection to create reliable
evidence of teaching quality. Data collected over multiple classroom
observations allows objective reporting on development differentials
in constructive alignment, peer, and student evaluations. Further
innovation is realized in the application of this highly structured
developmental process to provide summative evidence of sufficient
validity to support claims for professional advancement and learning
and teaching awards. Design decision points and contextual triggers
are described within the operating domain. Academics and
developers seeking to introduce structured peer review of teaching
into their organization will find this paper a useful reference.
Abstract: The purposes of this study were as follows to evaluate
the economic value of Phu Kradueng National Park by the travel cost
method (TCM) and the contingent valuation method (CVM) and to
estimate the demand for traveling and the willingness to pay. The
data for this study were collected by conducting two large scale
surveys on users and non-users. A total of 1,016 users and 1,034
non-users were interviewed. The data were analyzed using multiple
linear regression analysis, logistic regression model and the
consumer surplus (CS) was the integral of demand function for trips.
The survey found, were as follows:
1)Using the travel cost method which provides an estimate of direct
benefits to park users, we found that visitors- total willingness to pay
per visit was 2,284.57 bath, of which 958.29 bath was travel cost,
1,129.82 bath was expenditure for accommodation, food, and
services, and 166.66 bath was consumer surplus or the visitors -net
gain or satisfaction from the visit (the integral of demand function for
trips).
2) Thai visitors to Phu Kradueng National Park were further willing
to pay an average of 646.84 bath per head per year to ensure the
continued existence of Phu Kradueng National Park and to preserve
their option to use it in the future.
3) Thai non-visitors, on the other hand, are willing to pay an average
of 212.61 bath per head per year for the option and existence value
provided by the Park.
4) The total economic value of Phu Kradueng National Park to Thai
visitors and non-visitors taken together stands today at 9,249.55
million bath per year.
5) The users- average willingness to pay for access to Phu Kradueng
National Park rises
from 40 bath to 84.66 bath per head per trip for improved services
such as road improvement, increased cleanliness, and upgraded
information.
This paper was needed to investigate of the potential market
demand for bio prospecting in Phu Kradueng national Park and to
investigate how a larger share of the economic benefits of tourism
could be distributed income to the local residents.
Abstract: This study comprehensively simulate the use of k-ε
model for predicting flow and heat transfer with measured flow field
data in a stationary duct with elucidates on the detailed physics
encountered in the fully developed flow region, and the sharp 180°
bend region. Among the major flow features predicted with accuracy
are flow transition at the entrance of the duct, the distribution of
mean and turbulent quantities in the developing, fully developed, and
sharp 180° bend, the development of secondary flows in the duct
cross-section and the sharp 180° bend, and heat transfer
augmentation. Turbulence intensities in the sharp 180° bend are
found to reach high values and local heat transfer comparisons show
that the heat transfer augmentation shifts towards the wall and along
the duct. Therefore, understanding of the unsteady heat transfer in
sharp 180° bends is important. The design and simulation are related
to concept of fluid mechanics, heat transfer and thermodynamics.
Simulation study has been conducted on the response of turbulent
flow in a rectangular duct in order to evaluate the heat transfer rate
along the small scale multiple rectangular duct
Abstract: Load balancing is the process of improving the
performance of a parallel and distributed system through a
redistribution of load among the processors [1] [5]. In this paper we
present the performance analysis of various load balancing
algorithms based on different parameters, considering two typical
load balancing approaches static and dynamic. The analysis indicates
that static and dynamic both types of algorithm can have
advancements as well as weaknesses over each other. Deciding type
of algorithm to be implemented will be based on type of parallel
applications to solve. The main purpose of this paper is to help in
design of new algorithms in future by studying the behavior of
various existing algorithms.
Abstract: This paper reports on the results of experimental
investigations of flash evaporation from superheated jet issues
vertically upward from a round straight nozzle of 81.3 mm diameter.
For the investigated range of jet superheat degree and velocity, it was
shown that flash evaporation enhances with initial temperature
increase. Due to the increase of jet inertia and subsequently the delay
of jet shattering, increase of jet velocity was found to result in
increase of evaporation "delay period". An empirical equation
predicts the jet evaporation completion height was developed, this
equation is thought to be useful in designing the flash evaporation
chamber. In attempts for enhancement of flash evaporation, use of
steel wire mesh located at short distance downstream was found
effective with no consequent pressure drop.
Abstract: The fast technology and economic growth in China has
attracted global attention in its tourism development. This study makes
an effort on investigating China-s online tourism market and the
Chinese online travelers- perceptions of hotel websites. The findings
are expected to better understand Chinese customers- online
preference and identified the differences among online travelers from
different regions in the country. Empirical findings showed online
reservation information is the most important factor to Chinese
customers, and tourists from different regions of China have
perception difference on user-friendly factor. The findings benefit
hoteliers from understanding their websites development and
formulating more appropriate online strategies to meet the
requirements of Chinese travelers.
Abstract: This study was carried out to determine the feedback from the primary school headmasters on in-service training activities. 384 primary school headmasters were asked to give feedback on the in-service training facilities organized by the Ministry of Education through an open –ended question. The study group was formed by 359 primary school headmasters who attended “Management Skills" seminars which were organized in March, April and May in the extent of 2006 In-service Training Facilities Plan by the Ministry of Education and were also volunteers to give feedback on the inservice training activities. The qualitative research method was used in the analysis of the data since the primary school headmasters gave written feedback on the in-service training activities. Having analyzed the feedback, certain categories were formed by coding it. Certain frequencies and percentages were determined according to the codes. It was made obvious that the primary school headmasters benefitted from those facilities by sharing their experiences, problems and their possible solutions mutually
Abstract: Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging(fMRI) is a
noninvasive imaging technique that measures the hemodynamic
response related to neural activity in the human brain. Event-related
functional magnetic resonance imaging (efMRI) is a form of
functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) in which a series of
fMRI images are time-locked to a stimulus presentation and averaged
together over many trials. Again an event related potential (ERP) is a
measured brain response that is directly the result of a thought or
perception. Here the neuronal response of human visual cortex in
normal healthy patients have been studied. The patients were asked
to perform a visual three choice reaction task; from the relative
response of each patient corresponding neuronal activity in visual
cortex was imaged. The average number of neurons in the adult
human primary visual cortex, in each hemisphere has been estimated
at around 140 million. Statistical analysis of this experiment was
done with SPM5(Statistical Parametric Mapping version 5) software.
The result shows a robust design of imaging the neuronal activity of
human visual cortex.