Abstract: Smart Grids employ wireless sensor networks for
their control and monitoring. Sensors are characterized by limitations
in the processing power, energy supply and memory spaces, which
require a particular attention on the design of routing and data
management algorithms.
Since most routing algorithms for sensor networks, focus on
finding energy efficient paths to prolong the lifetime of sensor
networks, the power of sensors on efficient paths depletes quickly,
and consequently sensor networks become incapable of monitoring
events from some parts of their target areas. In consequence, the
design of routing protocols should consider not only energy
efficiency paths, but also energy efficient algorithms in general.
In this paper we propose an energy efficient routing protocol for
wireless sensor networks without the support of any location
information system. The reliability and the efficiency of this protocol
have been demonstrated by simulation studies where we compare
them to the legacy protocols. Our simulation results show that these
algorithms scale well with network size and density.
Abstract: Understanding the cell's large-scale organization is an interesting task in computational biology. Thus, protein-protein interactions can reveal important organization and function of the cell. Here, we investigated the correspondence between protein interactions and function for the yeast. We obtained the correlations among the set of proteins. Then these correlations are clustered using both the hierarchical and biclustering methods. The detailed analyses of proteins in each cluster were carried out by making use of their functional annotations. As a result, we found that some functional classes appear together in almost all biclusters. On the other hand, in hierarchical clustering, the dominancy of one functional class is observed. In the light of the clustering data, we have verified some interactions which were not identified as core interactions in DIP and also, we have characterized some functionally unknown proteins according to the interaction data and functional correlation. In brief, from interaction data to function, some correlated results are noticed about the relationship between interaction and function which might give clues about the organization of the proteins, also to predict new interactions and to characterize functions of unknown proteins.
Abstract: Knowledge of an organization does not merely reside
in structured form of information and data; it is also embedded in
unstructured form. The discovery of such knowledge is particularly
difficult as the characteristic is dynamic, scattered, massive and
multiplying at high speed. Conventional methods of managing
unstructured information are considered too resource demanding and
time consuming to cope with the rapid information growth.
In this paper, a Multi-faceted and Automatic Knowledge
Elicitation System (MAKES) is introduced for the purpose of
discovery and capture of organizational knowledge. A trial
implementation has been conducted in a public organization to
achieve the objective of decision capture and navigation from a
number of meeting minutes which are autonomously organized,
classified and presented in a multi-faceted taxonomy map in both
document and content level. Key concepts such as critical decision
made, key knowledge workers, knowledge flow and the relationship
among them are elicited and displayed in predefined knowledge
model and maps. Hence, the structured knowledge can be retained,
shared and reused.
Conducting Knowledge Management with MAKES reduces work
in searching and retrieving the target decision, saves a great deal of
time and manpower, and also enables an organization to keep pace
with the knowledge life cycle. This is particularly important when
the amount of unstructured information and data grows extremely
quickly. This system approach of knowledge management can
accelerate value extraction and creation cycles of organizations.
Abstract: This paper is a numerical investigation of a laminar
isothermal plane two dimensional wall jet. Special attention has been
paid to the effect of the inlet conditions at the nozzle exit on the
hydrodynamic and thermal characteristics of the flow. The
behaviour of various fluids evolving in both forced and mixed
convection regimes near a vertical plate plane is carried out. The
system of governing equations is solved with an implicit finite
difference scheme. For numerical stability we use a staggered non
uniform grid. The obtained results show that the effect of the Prandtl
number is significant in the plume region in which the jet flow is
governed by buoyant forces. Further for ascending X values, the
buoyancy forces become dominating, and a certain agreement
between the temperature profiles are observed, which shows that the
velocity profile has no longer influence on the wall temperature
evolution in this region. Fluids with low Prandtl number warm up
more importantly, because for such fluids the effect of heat diffusion
is higher.
Abstract: The nature, prevalence, cellular composition of
leukocyte infiltrates and immunohistochemical characteristics of
their constituent cells in the liver of patients with chronic viral
hepatitis B and C were investigated. It was found that the area of
distribution and cellular composition of infiltrates depended on the
virus type and process activity. The expediency of
immunohistochemical study using leukocyte infiltrates from liver
biopsies of patients with viral hepatitis aimed at clarifying diagnosis,
making prognosis, and choice of optimal treatment with elements of
immune correction is emphasized.
Abstract: This paper presents a spectroscopic study on doping
of Vanadyl pathalocyanine (VOPc) by [6,6]-phenyl C61 butyric acid
methyl ester (PCBM). The films are characterized by UV/Vis/NIR
spectroscopy. A drastic increase in the absorption coefficient has
been observed with increasing dopant concentration. Optical
properties of VOPc:PCBM films deposited by spin coating technique
were studied in detail. Optical band gap decreased with the PCBM
incorporation in the VOPc film. Optical band gap calculated from the
absorption spectra decreased from 3.32 eV to 3.26 eV with a
variation of 0–75 % of PCBM concentration in the VOPC films.
Abstract: Present wireless communication demands compact and intelligent devices with multitasking capabilities at affordable cost. The focus in the presented paper is on a dual band antenna for wireless communication with the capability of operating at two frequency bands with same structure. Two resonance frequencies are observed with the second operation band at 4.2GHz approximately three times the first resonance frequency at 1.5GHz. Structure is simple loop of microstrip line with characteristic impedance 50 ohms. The proposed antenna is designed using defective ground structure (DGS) and shows the nearly one third reductions in size as compared to without DGS. This antenna was simulated on electromagnetic (EM) simulation software and fabricated using microwave integrated circuit technique on RT-Duroid dielectric substrate (εr= 2.22) of thickness (H=15 mils). The designed antenna was tested on automatic network analyzer and shows the good agreement with simulated results. The proposed structure is modeled into an equivalent electrical circuit and simulated on circuit simulator. Subsequently, theoretical analysis was carried out and simulated. The simulated, measured, equivalent circuit response, and theoretical results shows good resemblance. The bands of operation draw many potential applications in today’s wireless communication.
Abstract: In this research work, poly (acrylonitrile-butadienestyrene)/
polypropylene (ABS/PP) blends were processed by melt
compounding in a twin-screw extruder. Upgrading of the thermal
characteristics of the obtained materials was attempted by the
incorporation of organically modified montmorillonite (OMMT), as
well as, by the addition of two types of compatibilizers;
polypropylene grafted with maleic anhydride (PP-g-MAH) and ABS
grafted with maleic anhydride (ABS-g-MAH). The effect of the
above treatments was investigated separately and in combination.
Increasing the PP content in ABS matrix seems to increase the
thermal stability of their blend and the glass transition temperature
(Tg) of SAN phase of ABS. From the other part, the addition of ABS
to PP promotes the formation of its β-phase, which is maximum at 30
wt% ABS concentration, and increases the crystallization temperature
(Tc) of PP. In addition, it increases the crystallization rate of PP.The
β-phase of PP in ABS/PP blends is reduced by the addition of
compatibilizers or/and organoclay reinforcement. The incorporation
of compatibilizers increases the thermal stability of PP and reduces
its melting (ΔΗm) and crystallization (ΔΗc) enthalpies. Furthermore it
decreases slightly the Tgs of PP and SAN phases of ABS/PP blends.
Regarding the storage modulus of the ABS/PP blends, it presents a
change in their behavior at about 10°C and return to their initial
behavior at ~110°C. The incorporation of OMMT to no compatibilized
and compatibilized ABS/PP blends enhances their storage modulus.
Abstract: The effect of artificial pozzolan (waste brick) on the
physico-chemical properties of cement manufactured was
investigated. The waste brick is generated by the manufacture of
bricks. It was used in the proportions of 0%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20%
by mass of cement to study its effect on the physico-chemical
properties of cement incorporating artificial pozzolan. The physicochemical
properties of cement at anhydrous state and the hydrated
state (chemical composition, specific weight, fineness, consistency of
the cement paste and setting times) were studied. The experimental
results obtained show that the quantity of pozzolanic admixture
(waste brick) of cement manufactured is the principal parameter who
influences on the variation of the physico-chemical properties of the
cement tested.
Abstract: The advances in multimedia and networking technologies
have created opportunities for Internet pirates, who can easily
copy multimedia contents and illegally distribute them on the Internet,
thus violating the legal rights of content owners. This paper describes
how a simple and well-known watermarking procedure based on a
spread spectrum method and a watermark recovery by correlation can
be improved to effectively and adaptively protect MPEG-2 videos
distributed on the Internet. In fact, the procedure, in its simplest
form, is vulnerable to a variety of attacks. However, its security
and robustness have been increased, and its behavior has been
made adaptive with respect to the video terminals used to open
the videos and the network transactions carried out to deliver them
to buyers. In fact, such an adaptive behavior enables the proposed
procedure to efficiently embed watermarks, and this characteristic
makes the procedure well suited to be exploited in web contexts,
where watermarks usually generated from fingerprinting codes have
to be inserted into the distributed videos “on the fly", i.e. during the
purchase web transactions.
Abstract: In this paper by using the port-controlled Hamiltonian
(PCH) systems theory, a full-order nonlinear controlled model is first
developed. Then a nonlinear passivity-based robust adaptive control
(PBRAC) of switched reluctance motor in the presence of external
disturbances for the purpose of torque ripple reduction and
characteristic improvement is presented. The proposed controller
design is separated into the inner loop and the outer loop controller.
In the inner loop, passivity-based control is employed by using
energy shaping techniques to produce the proper switching function.
The outer loop control is employed by robust adaptive controller to
determine the appropriate Torque command. It can also overcome the
inherent nonlinear characteristics of the system and make the whole
system robust to uncertainties and bounded disturbances. A 4KW 8/6
SRM with experimental characteristics that takes magnetic saturation
into account is modeled, simulation results show that the proposed
scheme has good performance and practical application prospects.
Abstract: In this paper, we present a method named Signal Level
Matrix (SLM) which can improve the accuracy and stability of active
RFID indoor positioning system. Considering the accuracy and cost,
we use uniform distribution mode to set up and separate the
overlapped signal covering areas, in order to achieve preliminary
location setting. Then, based on the proposed SLM concept and the
characteristic of the signal strength value that attenuates as the
distance increases, this system cross-examines the distribution of
adjacent signals to locate the users more accurately. The experimental
results indicate that the adaptive positioning method proposed in this
paper could improve the accuracy and stability of the positioning
system effectively and satisfyingly.
Abstract: The vibrations produced by a single point defect on
various parts of the bearing under constant radial load are predicted
by using a theoretical model. The model includes variation in the
response due to the effect of bearing dimensions, rotating frequency
distribution of load. The excitation forces are generated when the
defects on the races strike to rolling elements. In case of the outer
ring defect, the pulses generated are with periodicity of outer ring
defect frequency where as for inner ring defect, the pulses are with
periodicity of inner ring defect frequency. The effort has been carried
out in preparing the physical model of the system. Different defect
frequencies are obtained and are used to find out the amplitudes of
the vibration due to excitation of the bearing parts. Increase in the
radial load or severity of the defect produces a significant change in
bearing signature characteristics.
Abstract: 16-Mercaptohexadecanoic acid (MHDA) and tripeptide glutathione conjugated with gold nanoparticles (Au-NPs) are characterized by Fourier Transform InfaRared (FTIR) spectroscopy combined with Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy. Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) technique based on FTIR spectroscopy has become an important tool in biophysics, which is perspective for the study of organic compounds. FTIR-spectra of MHDA shows the line at 2500 cm-1 attributed to thiol group which is modified by presence of Au-NPs, suggesting the formation of bond between thiol group and gold. We also can observe the peaks originate from characteristic chemical group. A Raman spectrum of the same sample is also promising. Our preliminary experiments confirm that SERS-effect takes place for MHDA connected with Au-NPs and enable us to detected small number (less than 106 cm-2) of MHDA molecules. Combination of spectroscopy methods: FTIR and SERS – enable to study optical properties of Au- NPs and immobilized bio-molecules in context of a bio-nano-sensors.
Abstract: The objectives of this study are to determine the
effects of soil cover type on characteristics of leachates generated
from landfill lysimeters. Four lysimeters with diameter and height
of 0.15 and 3.00 m, respectively, were prepared. Three lysimeters
were filled with municipal waste and three different cover soil types
i.e. sandy loam soil, silty loam soil and clay soil while another
lysimeter was filled solely with municipal waste. The study was
conducted in the rainy season. Leachate quantities were measured
every day and leachate characteristics were determined once a week.
The cumulative leachate quantity from the lysimeter filled solely
with municipal waste was found to be around 27% higher than the
lysimeters using cover soils. There were no any differences of the
cumulative leachate amounts generated from the lysimeters using
three types of soils. The comparison of the total mass of pollutants
generated from all lysimeters showed that the lysimeter filled solely
with municipal waste generated the maximum quantities of
pollutants. Among the lysimeters using different types of soils, the
lysimeter using sandy loam soil generated the lowest amount of most
of pollutants, compared with the lysimeters using silty loam and clay
soils. It can be concluded that in term of pollutant attenuation in the
leachate, a sandy loam is the most suitable soil to be used as a cover
soil in the landfill.
Abstract: To support user mobility for a wireless network new mechanisms are needed and are fundamental, such as paging, location updating, routing, and handover. Also an important key feature is mobile QoS offered by the WATM. Several ATM network protocols should be updated to implement mobility management and to maintain the already ATM QoS over wireless ATM networks. A survey of the various schemes and types of handover is provided. Handover procedure allows guarantee the terminal connection reestablishment when it moves between areas covered by different base stations. It is useful to satisfy user radio link transfer without interrupting a connection. However, failure to offer efficient solutions will result in handover important packet loss, severe delays and degradation of QoS offered to the applications. This paper reviews the requirements, characteristics and open issues of wireless ATM, particularly with regard to handover. It introduces key aspects of WATM and mobility extensions, which are added in the fixed ATM network. We propose a flexible approach for handover management that will minimize the QoS deterioration. Functional entities of this flexible approach are discussed in order to achieve minimum impact on the connection quality when a MT crosses the BS.
Abstract: QoS Routing aims to find paths between senders and
receivers satisfying the QoS requirements of the application which
efficiently using the network resources and underlying routing
algorithm to be able to find low-cost paths that satisfy given QoS
constraints. The problem of finding least-cost routing is known to be
NP hard or complete and some algorithms have been proposed to
find a near optimal solution. But these heuristics or algorithms either
impose relationships among the link metrics to reduce the complexity
of the problem which may limit the general applicability of the
heuristic, or are too costly in terms of execution time to be applicable
to large networks. In this paper, we analyzed two algorithms namely
Characterized Delay Constrained Routing (CDCR) and Optimized
Delay Constrained Routing (ODCR). The CDCR algorithm dealt an
approach for delay constrained routing that captures the trade-off
between cost minimization and risk level regarding the delay
constraint. The ODCR which uses an adaptive path weight function
together with an additional constraint imposed on the path cost, to
restrict search space and hence ODCR finds near optimal solution in
much quicker time.
Abstract: The purpose of this note is to obtain some properties of
(∈,∈ ∨q)- fuzzy bi-ideals in a Γ-semigroup in order to characterize
regular and intra-regular Γ-semigroups.
Abstract: In this paper we introduce a new class of mg-continuous mapping and studied some of its basic properties.We obtain some characterizations of such functions. Moreover we define sub minimal structure and further study certain properties of mg-closed sets.
Abstract: This article examines the nature and structure of ecological education of biology specialists in Kazakhstan. Also characterizes the ecological education in high school and specific features in training of biology specialists.