Abstract: India is currently the second most populous nation in
the world with over 1.2 billion people, growing annually at the rate of
1.5%. It is experiencing a surge in energy demands, expected to grow
more than three to four times in 25 years. Most of the energy
requirements are currently satisfied by the import of fossil fuels –
coal, petroleum-based products and natural gas. Biofuels can satisfy
these energy needs in an environmentally benign and cost effective
manner while reducing dependence on import of fossil fuels, thus
providing National Energy Security. Among various forms of
bioenergy, bioethanol is one of the major options for India because of
availability of feed stock crops.
This paper presents an overview on bioethanol production and
technology, steps taken by the Indian government to facilitate and
bring about optimal development and utilization of indigenous
biomass feedstocks for production of this biofuel.
Abstract: Multi-energy systems will enhance the system
reliability and power quality. This paper presents an integrated
approach for the design and operation of distributed energy resources
(DER) systems, based on energy hub modeling. A multi-objective
optimization model is developed by considering an integrated view of
electricity and natural gas network to analyze the optimal design and
operating condition of DER systems, by considering two conflicting
objectives, namely, minimization of total cost and the minimization
of environmental impact which is assessed in terms of CO2
emissions. The mathematical model considers energy demands of the
site, local climate data, and utility tariff structure, as well as technical
and financial characteristics of the candidate DER technologies. To
provide energy demands, energy systems including photovoltaic, and
co-generation systems, boiler, central power grid are considered. As
an illustrative example, a hotel in Iran demonstrates potential
applications of the proposed method. The results prove that
increasing the satisfaction degree of environmental objective leads to
increased total cost.
Abstract: We present a novel scheme to evaluate sinusoidal functions with low complexity and high precision using cubic spline interpolation. To this end, two different approaches are proposed to find the interpolating polynomial of sin(x) within the range [- π , π]. The first one deals with only a single data point while the other with two to keep the realization cost as low as possible. An approximation error optimization technique for cubic spline interpolation is introduced next and is shown to increase the interpolator accuracy without increasing complexity of the associated hardware. The architectures for the proposed approaches are also developed, which exhibit flexibility of implementation with low power requirement.
Abstract: Housing is a basic human right. The provision of new
house shall be free from any defects, even for the defects that people
do normally considered as 'cosmetic defects'. This paper studies
about the building defects of newly completed house of 72 unit of
double-storey terraced located in Bangi, Selangor. The building
survey implemented using protocol 1 (visual inspection). As for new
house, the survey work is very stringent in determining the defects
condition and priority. Survey and reporting procedure is carried out
based on CSP1 Matrix that involved scoring system, photographs and
plan tagging. The analysis is done using Statistical Package for Social
Sciences (SPSS). The finding reveals that there are 2119 defects
recorded in 72 terraced houses. The cumulative score obtained was
27644 while the overall rating is 13.05. These results indicate that the
construction quality of the newly terraced houses is low and not up to
an acceptable standard as the new house should be.
Abstract: The paper presents a one-dimensional transient
mathematical model of compressible thermal multi-component gas
mixture flows in pipes. The set of the mass, momentum and enthalpy
conservation equations for gas phase is solved. Thermo-physical
properties of multi-component gas mixture are calculated by solving
the Equation of State (EOS) model. The Soave-Redlich-Kwong
(SRK-EOS) model is chosen. Gas mixture viscosity is calculated on
the basis of the Lee-Gonzales-Eakin (LGE) correlation. Numerical
analysis on rapid decompression in conventional dry gases is
performed by using the proposed mathematical model. The model is
validated on measured values of the decompression wave speed in
dry natural gas mixtures. All predictions show excellent agreement
with the experimental data at high and low pressure. The presented
model predicts the decompression in dry natural gas mixtures much
better than GASDECOM and OLGA codes, which are the most
frequently-used codes in oil and gas pipeline transport service.
Abstract: The ever growing sentiment of environmentalism across the globe has made many people think on the green lines. But most of such ideas halt short of implementation because of the short term economic viability issues with the concept of going green. In this paper we have tried to amalgamate the green concept with social entrepreneurship for solving a variety of issues faced by the society today. In addition the paper also tries to ensure that the short term economic viability does not act as a deterrent. The paper comes up three sustainable models of social entrepreneurship which tackle a wide assortment of issues such as nutrition problem, land problems, pollution problems and employment problems. The models described fall under the following heads: - Spirulina cultivation: The model addresses nutrition, land and employment issues. It deals with cultivation of a blue green alga called Spirulina which can be used as a very nutritious food. Also, the implementation of this model would bring forth employment to the poor people of the area. - Biocomposites: The model comes up with various avenues in which biocomposites can be used in an economically sustainable manner. This model deals with the environmental concerns and addresses the depletion of natural resources. - Packaging material from empty fruit bunches (EFB) of oil palm: This one deals with air and land pollution. It is intended to be a substitute for packaging materials made from Styrofoam and plastics which are non-biodegradable. It takes care of the biodegradability and land pollution issues. It also reduces air pollution as the empty fruit bunches are not incinerated. All the three models are sustainable and do not deplete the natural resources any further. This paper explains each of the models in detail and deals with the operational/manufacturing procedures and cost analysis while also throwing light on the benefits derived and sustainability aspects.
Abstract: In this paper, a novel contrast enhancement technique
for contrast enhancement of a low-contrast satellite image has been
proposed based on the singular value decomposition (SVD) and
discrete cosine transform (DCT). The singular value matrix
represents the intensity information of the given image and any
change on the singular values change the intensity of the input image.
The proposed technique converts the image into the SVD-DCT
domain and after normalizing the singular value matrix; the enhanced
image is reconstructed by using inverse DCT. The visual and
quantitative results suggest that the proposed SVD-DCT method
clearly shows the increased efficiency and flexibility of the proposed
method over the exiting methods such as Linear Contrast Stretching
technique, GHE technique, DWT-SVD technique, DWT technique,
Decorrelation Stretching technique, Gamma Correction method
based techniques.
Abstract: Although Face detection is not a recent activity in the
field of image processing, it is still an open area for research. The
greatest step in this field is the work reported by Viola and its recent
analogous is Huang et al. Both of them use similar features and also
similar training process. The former is just for detecting upright
faces, but the latter can detect multi-view faces in still grayscale
images using new features called 'sparse feature'. Finding these
features is very time consuming and inefficient by proposed methods.
Here, we propose a new approach for finding sparse features using a
genetic algorithm system. This method requires less computational
cost and gets more effective features in learning process for face
detection that causes more accuracy.
Abstract: Water is the key of national development. Wherever a spring has been dried out or a river has changed its course, the area-s people have migrated and have been scattered and the area-s civilization has lost its brilliance. Today, air pollution, global warming and ozone layer damage are as the problems of countries, but certainly in the next decade the shortage and pollution of waters will be important issues of the world. The polluted waters are more dangerous in when they are used in agriculture. Because they infect plants and these plants are used in human and livestock consumption in food chain. With the increasing population growth and after that, the increase need to facilities and raw materials, human beings has started to do haste actions and wanted or unwanted destroyed his life basin. They try to overuse and capture his environment extremely, instead of having futurism approach in sustainable use of nature. This process includes Zayanderood recession, and caused its pollution after the transition from industrial and urban areas. Zayandehrood River in Isfahan is a vital artery of a living ecosystem. Now is the location of disposal waste water of many cities, villages and existing industries. The central area of the province is an important industrial place, and its environmental situation has reached a critical stage. Not only a large number of pollution-generating industries are active in the city limits, but outside of the city and adjacent districts Zayandehrood River, heavy industries like steel, Mobarakeh Steel and other tens great units pollute wild life. This article tries to study contaminant sources of Zayanderood and their severity, and determine and discuss the share of each of these resources by major industrial centers located in areas. At the end, we represent suitable strategy.
Abstract: This paper examines the interplay of policy options
and cost-effective technology in providing sustainable distance
education. A case study has been conducted among the learners and
teachers. The emergence of learning technologies through CD,
internet, and mobile is increasingly adopted by distance institutes for
quick delivery and cost-effective factors. Their sustainability is
conditioned by the structure of learners and well as the teaching
community. The structure of learners in terms of rural and urban
background revealed similarity in adoption and utilization of mobile
learning. In other words, the technology transcended the rural-urban
dichotomy. The teaching community was divided into two groups on
policy issues. This study revealed both cost-effective as well as
sustainability impacts on different learners groups divided by rural
and urban location.
Abstract: The objective of this research is to study the technical
and economic performance of wind/diesel/battery (W/D/B) system
supplying a remote small gathering of six families using HOMER
software package. The electrical energy is to cater for the basic needs
for which the daily load pattern is estimated. Net Present Cost (NPC)
and Cost of Energy (COE) are used as economic criteria, while the measure of performance is % of power shortage. Technical and
economic parameters are defined to estimate the feasibility of the
system under study. Optimum system configurations are estimated for two sites. Using HOMER software, the simulation results showed that W/D/B systems are economical for the assumed community sites
as the price of generated electricity is about 0.308 $/kWh, without
taking external benefits into considerations. W/D/B systems are more
economical than W/B or diesel alone systems, as the COE is 0.86 $/kWh for W/B and 0.357 $/kWh for diesel alone.
Abstract: Semantic Web Technologies enable machines to
interpret data published in a machine-interpretable form on the web.
At the present time, only human beings are able to understand the
product information published online. The emerging semantic Web
technologies have the potential to deeply influence the further
development of the Internet Economy. In this paper we propose a
scenario based research approach to predict the effects of these new
technologies on electronic markets and business models of traders
and intermediaries and customers. Over 300 million searches are
conducted everyday on the Internet by people trying to find what
they need. A majority of these searches are in the domain of
consumer ecommerce, where a web user is looking for something to
buy. This represents a huge cost in terms of people hours and an
enormous drain of resources. Agent enabled semantic search will
have a dramatic impact on the precision of these searches. It will
reduce and possibly eliminate information asymmetry where a better
informed buyer gets the best value. By impacting this key
determinant of market prices semantic web will foster the evolution
of different business and economic models. We submit that there is a
need for developing these futuristic models based on our current
understanding of e-commerce models and nascent semantic web
technologies. We believe these business models will encourage
mainstream web developers and businesses to join the “semantic web
revolution."
Abstract: In this paper, we explore the applicability of the Sinc-
Collocation method to a three-dimensional (3D) oceanography model.
The model describes a wind-driven current with depth-dependent
eddy viscosity in the complex-velocity system. In general, the
Sinc-based methods excel over other traditional numerical methods
due to their exponentially decaying errors, rapid convergence and
handling problems in the presence of singularities in end-points.
Together with these advantages, the Sinc-Collocation approach that
we utilize exploits first derivative interpolation, whose integration
is much less sensitive to numerical errors. We bring up several
model problems to prove the accuracy, stability, and computational
efficiency of the method. The approximate solutions determined by
the Sinc-Collocation technique are compared to exact solutions and
those obtained by the Sinc-Galerkin approach in earlier studies. Our
findings indicate that the Sinc-Collocation method outperforms other
Sinc-based methods in past studies.
Abstract: A model is presented to find the optimal design of the
mixed renewable warranty policy for non-repairable Weibull life
products. The optimal design considers the conflict of interests
between the customer and the manufacturer: the customer interests
are longer full rebate coverage period and longer total warranty
coverage period, the manufacturer interests are lower warranty cost
and lower risk. The design factors are full rebate and total warranty
coverage periods. Results showed that mixed policy is better than full
rebate policy in terms of risk and total warranty coverage period in all
of the three bathtub regions. In addition, results showed that linear
policy is better than mixed policy in infant mortality and constant
failure regions while the mixed policy is better than linear policy in
ageing region of the model. Furthermore, the results showed that
using burn-in period for infant mortality products reduces warranty
cost and risk.
Abstract: Socioeconomic stability and development of a
country, can be describe by housing affordability. It is aimed to
ensure the housing provided as one of the key factors that is
affordable by every income earner group whether low-income,
middle income and high income group. This research carried out is to
find out affordability of home ownership level for first medium cost
landed-house by the middle-income group in Selangor, Malaysia. It is
also hope that it could be seen as able to contribute to the knowledge
and understanding on housing affordability level for the middleincome
group and variables that influenced the medium income
group-s ability to own first medium-cost houses.
Abstract: Nowadays, there is little information, concerning the
heat shield systems, and this information is not completely reliable to
use in so many cases. for example, the precise calculation cannot be
done for various materials. In addition, the real scale test has two
disadvantages: high cost and low flexibility, and for each case we
must perform a new test. Hence, using numerical modeling program
that calculates the surface recession rate and interior temperature
distribution is necessary. Also, numerical solution of governing
equation for non-charring material ablation is presented in order to
anticipate the recession rate and the heat response of non-charring
heat shields. the governing equation is nonlinear and the Newton-
Rafson method along with TDMA algorithm is used to solve this
nonlinear equation system. Using Newton- Rafson method for
solving the governing equation is one of the advantages of the
solving method because this method is simple and it can be easily
generalized to more difficult problems. The obtained results
compared with reliable sources in order to examine the accuracy of
compiling code.
Abstract: This paper demonstrates design and construction of
microcontroller-based telephone exchange system and the aims of
this paper is to study telecommunication, connection with
PIC16F877A and DTMF MT8870D. In microcontroller system, PIC
16F877 microcontroller is used to control the call processing. Dial
tone, busy tone and ring tone are provided during call progress.
Instead of using ready made tone generator IC, oscillator based tone
generator is used. The results of this telephone exchange system are
perfect for homes and small businesses needing the extensions. It
requires the phone operation control system, the analog interface
circuit and the switching circuit. This exchange design will contain
eight channels.
It is the best low cost, good quality telephone exchange for today-s
telecommunication needs. It offers the features available in much
more expensive PBX units without using high-priced phones. It is for
long distance telephone services.
Abstract: In this paper we present the information life cycle and analyze the importance of managing the corporate application portfolio across this life cycle. The approach presented here corresponds not just to the extension of the traditional information system development life cycle. This approach is based in the generic life cycle. In this paper it is proposed a model of an information system life cycle, supported in the assumption that a system has a limited life. But, this limited life may be extended. This model is also applied in several cases; being reported here two examples of the framework application in a construction enterprise and in a manufacturing enterprise.
Abstract: Guaranteeing the availability of the required parts at
the scheduled time represents a key logistical challenge. This is
especially important when several parts are required together. This
article describes a tool that supports the positioning in the area of
conflict between low stock costs and a high service level for a
consumer.
Abstract: In this research, we propose a weighted class based
queuing (WCBQ) mechanism to provide class differentiation and to
reduce the load for the IMS (IP Multimedia Subsystem) presence
server (PS). The tasks of admission controller for the PS are
demonstrated. Analysis and simulation models are developed to
quantify the performance of WCBQ scheme. An optimized dropping
time frame has been developed based on which some of the preexisting
messages are dropped from the PS-buffer. Cost functions are
developed and simulation comparison has been performed with FCFS
(First Come First Served) scheme. The results show that the PS
benefits significantly from the proposed queuing and dropping
algorithm (WCBQ) during heavy traffic.