Bioethanol - A Viable Answer to India-s Surging Energy Needs
India is currently the second most populous nation in
the world with over 1.2 billion people, growing annually at the rate of
1.5%. It is experiencing a surge in energy demands, expected to grow
more than three to four times in 25 years. Most of the energy
requirements are currently satisfied by the import of fossil fuels –
coal, petroleum-based products and natural gas. Biofuels can satisfy
these energy needs in an environmentally benign and cost effective
manner while reducing dependence on import of fossil fuels, thus
providing National Energy Security. Among various forms of
bioenergy, bioethanol is one of the major options for India because of
availability of feed stock crops.
This paper presents an overview on bioethanol production and
technology, steps taken by the Indian government to facilitate and
bring about optimal development and utilization of indigenous
biomass feedstocks for production of this biofuel.
[1] Demographics of India-Wikipedia, retrieved March, 2012
[2] EIA Country information on India, Nov, 2011
[3] EIAb, Country Analysis Briefs: India, Department of Energy, USA,
2007.
[4] IEA, World Energy Outlook 2007: China and India Insights, 2007.
[5] United States Department of AgricultureÔÇöForeign Agricultural Service,
Global Agricultural Information Network. "India Biofuels Annual 2010"
2010.
[6] Eleventh Five Year Plan 2007-2012,
http://planningcommission.nic.in/plans/planrel/fiveyr/11th/ accessed on
March 2012
[7] International Energy Statistics, Carbon Dioxide emissions by country,
2009.
[8] Expert Committee on National Auto Fuel Policy - 2003, Auto fuel
Policy Report, www.petroleum.nic.in/afp accessed on March 2012
[9] Government of India, Ministry of New and Renewable Energy, National
Policy on Biofuels, http://www.mnre.gov.in/policy/biofuel-policy.pdf
[10] A. Demirbas, Progress and recent trends in biofuels. Progress in Energy
and Combustion Science. 33:1-18, 2007.
[11] Piccolo, B. Fabrizio, A techno-economic comparison between two
technologies for bioethanol production from lignocellulose. Biomass and
Bioenergy. 33: 478 - 49, 2009.
[12] W.F. Anderson, D.E. Akin, Structural and chemical properties of grass
lignocelluloses related to conversion for biofuels. J Ind Microbiol
Biotechnol. 35: 355-366, 2008.
[13] N. Okuda, M. Soneura, K. Ninomiya, Y. Katakura, and S. Shioya,
Biological detoxification of waste wood hydrosylate using Ureibacillus
thermosphaericus. Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering. 106: 128-
133, 2008.
[14] E. Waltz, Cellulosic ethanol booms despite unproven business models.
NatureBiotechnology, 26:8-9, 2008.
[15] S.K. Mohanty, S. Behera, M. R. Swain, R.C. Ray, Bioethanol production
from mahula (Madhucalatifolia L.) flowers by solid-state fermentation.
Applied Energy 86: 640-644, 2009.
[16] International Starch Institute- Bioethanol;
http://www.starch.dk/isi/bio/bioethanol.asp accessed in March 2012
[17] J.P. Singh, Prospects for reducing cost of cultivation of sugarcane and
how to mitigate in the adverse 15. conditions. Proceedings of the
International Conference on Biofuels: Perspectives and Prospects.
Winrock International India, New Delhi. September 16-17, 2004.
[18] Planning Commission, Report of the Committee on Development of
Biofuels. Government of India, 10. New Delhi 2003.
[19] World Watch Institute, Biofuels for transport: Global potentials and
implications for sustainable 20. energy and agriculture. 2007(London:
Earthscan)
[20] S. Jog, "Ethanol Price Fixed at Rs 27 Per Litre for Blended Fuel."
Business Standard. April 8, 2010.
[21] J. Gonsalves, "An Assessment of the Biofuels Industry in India." United
Nations Conference on Trade and Development, October 18, 2006,
Geneva.
[22] "Crop Production". Food and Agriculture Organization of the United
Nations.http://faostat.fao.org/site/567/DesktopDefault.aspx?PageID=567
#ancor. Retrieved 2012-02-17.
[23] Government of India, Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food, and Public
Distribution,Department of Food and Public Distribution. Order S.O.
2665(E)/EssCom./Sugarcane, New Delhi, October 22, 2009.
[24] Indian Sugar Millis Association, Indian Sugar Year Book 2008-09
Vol.1, pp. 18; Handbook of Sugar Statistics October 2009, pp. 1.
[25] Ministry of Non Conventional Energy Sources, Government of India,
"New andRenewable Energy Policy Statement", (New Delhi, MNCES)
2005.
[26] W.D. Dar, "Biofuel Crops: Power to the Poor", International Crops
Research Institutefor Semi Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad,
September, 2006.
[27] MPNG, "Basic Statistics on Indian Petroleum and Natural Gas 2008-
09." New Delhi, India, September 2009.
[28] Market Research
vol.5,2011.http://www.marketresearch.com/product/display.as accessed
on March 3rd 2012.
[29] Ministry of petroleum and Natural Gas, Annual Report 2009-10
[30] Y.P. Rao, Biofuels Standards & Regulations in India, Presentation made
at International Conference on Biofuels Standards 2007.
[1] Demographics of India-Wikipedia, retrieved March, 2012
[2] EIA Country information on India, Nov, 2011
[3] EIAb, Country Analysis Briefs: India, Department of Energy, USA,
2007.
[4] IEA, World Energy Outlook 2007: China and India Insights, 2007.
[5] United States Department of AgricultureÔÇöForeign Agricultural Service,
Global Agricultural Information Network. "India Biofuels Annual 2010"
2010.
[6] Eleventh Five Year Plan 2007-2012,
http://planningcommission.nic.in/plans/planrel/fiveyr/11th/ accessed on
March 2012
[7] International Energy Statistics, Carbon Dioxide emissions by country,
2009.
[8] Expert Committee on National Auto Fuel Policy - 2003, Auto fuel
Policy Report, www.petroleum.nic.in/afp accessed on March 2012
[9] Government of India, Ministry of New and Renewable Energy, National
Policy on Biofuels, http://www.mnre.gov.in/policy/biofuel-policy.pdf
[10] A. Demirbas, Progress and recent trends in biofuels. Progress in Energy
and Combustion Science. 33:1-18, 2007.
[11] Piccolo, B. Fabrizio, A techno-economic comparison between two
technologies for bioethanol production from lignocellulose. Biomass and
Bioenergy. 33: 478 - 49, 2009.
[12] W.F. Anderson, D.E. Akin, Structural and chemical properties of grass
lignocelluloses related to conversion for biofuels. J Ind Microbiol
Biotechnol. 35: 355-366, 2008.
[13] N. Okuda, M. Soneura, K. Ninomiya, Y. Katakura, and S. Shioya,
Biological detoxification of waste wood hydrosylate using Ureibacillus
thermosphaericus. Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering. 106: 128-
133, 2008.
[14] E. Waltz, Cellulosic ethanol booms despite unproven business models.
NatureBiotechnology, 26:8-9, 2008.
[15] S.K. Mohanty, S. Behera, M. R. Swain, R.C. Ray, Bioethanol production
from mahula (Madhucalatifolia L.) flowers by solid-state fermentation.
Applied Energy 86: 640-644, 2009.
[16] International Starch Institute- Bioethanol;
http://www.starch.dk/isi/bio/bioethanol.asp accessed in March 2012
[17] J.P. Singh, Prospects for reducing cost of cultivation of sugarcane and
how to mitigate in the adverse 15. conditions. Proceedings of the
International Conference on Biofuels: Perspectives and Prospects.
Winrock International India, New Delhi. September 16-17, 2004.
[18] Planning Commission, Report of the Committee on Development of
Biofuels. Government of India, 10. New Delhi 2003.
[19] World Watch Institute, Biofuels for transport: Global potentials and
implications for sustainable 20. energy and agriculture. 2007(London:
Earthscan)
[20] S. Jog, "Ethanol Price Fixed at Rs 27 Per Litre for Blended Fuel."
Business Standard. April 8, 2010.
[21] J. Gonsalves, "An Assessment of the Biofuels Industry in India." United
Nations Conference on Trade and Development, October 18, 2006,
Geneva.
[22] "Crop Production". Food and Agriculture Organization of the United
Nations.http://faostat.fao.org/site/567/DesktopDefault.aspx?PageID=567
#ancor. Retrieved 2012-02-17.
[23] Government of India, Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food, and Public
Distribution,Department of Food and Public Distribution. Order S.O.
2665(E)/EssCom./Sugarcane, New Delhi, October 22, 2009.
[24] Indian Sugar Millis Association, Indian Sugar Year Book 2008-09
Vol.1, pp. 18; Handbook of Sugar Statistics October 2009, pp. 1.
[25] Ministry of Non Conventional Energy Sources, Government of India,
"New andRenewable Energy Policy Statement", (New Delhi, MNCES)
2005.
[26] W.D. Dar, "Biofuel Crops: Power to the Poor", International Crops
Research Institutefor Semi Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad,
September, 2006.
[27] MPNG, "Basic Statistics on Indian Petroleum and Natural Gas 2008-
09." New Delhi, India, September 2009.
[28] Market Research
vol.5,2011.http://www.marketresearch.com/product/display.as accessed
on March 3rd 2012.
[29] Ministry of petroleum and Natural Gas, Annual Report 2009-10
[30] Y.P. Rao, Biofuels Standards & Regulations in India, Presentation made
at International Conference on Biofuels Standards 2007.
@article{"International Journal of Business, Human and Social Sciences:53171", author = "Pranav Raghav Sood", title = "Bioethanol - A Viable Answer to India-s Surging Energy Needs", abstract = "India is currently the second most populous nation in
the world with over 1.2 billion people, growing annually at the rate of
1.5%. It is experiencing a surge in energy demands, expected to grow
more than three to four times in 25 years. Most of the energy
requirements are currently satisfied by the import of fossil fuels –
coal, petroleum-based products and natural gas. Biofuels can satisfy
these energy needs in an environmentally benign and cost effective
manner while reducing dependence on import of fossil fuels, thus
providing National Energy Security. Among various forms of
bioenergy, bioethanol is one of the major options for India because of
availability of feed stock crops.
This paper presents an overview on bioethanol production and
technology, steps taken by the Indian government to facilitate and
bring about optimal development and utilization of indigenous
biomass feedstocks for production of this biofuel.", keywords = "Bioethanol, Fossil fuel, Biofuel, energy", volume = "6", number = "8", pages = "2082-5", }
