Abstract: benzo[b][1,4]oxazines have been synthesized in good
to excellent yields in the presence of the ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-
methylimidazolium bromide [bmim]Br under relatively mild
conditions without any added catalyst, the reaction workup is simple
and the ionic liquid can be easily separated from the product and
reused.
Abstract: In the crack growth analysis, the Stress Intensity
Factor (SIF) is a fundamental prerequisite. In the present study, the
mode I stress intensity factor (SIF) of three-dimensional penny-
Shaped crack is obtained in an isotropic elastic cylindrical medium
with arbitrary dimensions under arbitrary loading at the top of the
cylinder, by the semi-analytical method based on the Rayleigh-Ritz
method. This method that is based on minimizing the potential
energy amount of the whole of the system, gives a very close results
to the previous studies. Defining the displacements (elastic fields) by
hypothetical functions in a defined coordinate system is the base of
this research. So for creating the singularity conditions at the tip of
the crack the appropriate terms should be found.
Abstract: A seismic isolation pad produced by utilizing the scrap
tire rubber which contains interleaved steel reinforcing cords has been
proposed. The steel cords are expected to function similar to the steel
plates used in conventional laminated rubber bearings. The scrap tire
rubber pad (STRP) isolator is intended to be used in low rise
residential buildings of highly seismic areas of the developing
countries. Experimental investigation was conducted on unbonded
STRP isolators, and test results provided useful information including
stiffness, damping values and an eventual instability of the isolation
unit. Finite element analysis (FE analysis) of STRP isolator was
carried out on properly bonded samples. These types of isolators
provide positive incremental force resisting capacity up to shear strain
level of 155%. This paper briefly discusses the force deformation
behavior of bonded STRP isolators including stability of the isolation
unit.
Abstract: Sol-gel method has been used to fabricate
nanocomposite films on glass substrates composed halloysite clay
mineral and nanocrystalline TiO2. The methodology for the synthesis
involves a simple chemistry method utilized nonionic surfactant
molecule as pore directing agent along with the acetic acid-based solgel
route with the absence of water molecules. The thermal treatment
of composite films at 450oC ensures elimination of organic material
and lead to the formation of TiO2 nanoparticles onto the surface of
the halloysite nanotubes. Microscopy techniques and porosimetry
methods used in order to delineate the structural characteristics of the
materials. The nanocomposite films produced have no cracks and
active anatase crystal phase with small crystallite size were deposited
on halloysite nanotubes. The photocatalytic properties for the new
materials were examined for the decomposition of the Basic Blue 41
azo dye in solution. These, nanotechnology based composite films
show high efficiency for dye’s discoloration in spite of different
halloysite quantities and small amount of halloysite/TiO2 catalyst
immobilized onto glass substrates. Moreover, we examined the
modification of the halloysite/TiO2 films with silver particles in order
to improve the photocatalytic properties of the films. Indeed, the
presence of silver nanoparticles enhances the discoloration rate of the
Basic Blue 41 compared to the efficiencies obtained for unmodified
films.
Abstract: An experiment was performed with a 24.5 MeV 14N
beam on a 12C target in the cyclotron DC-60 located in Astana,
Kazakhstan, to study the elastic scattering of 14N on 12C; the
scattering was also analyzed at different energies for tracking the
phenomenon of remarkable structure at large angles. Its aims were to
extend the measurements to very large angles, and attempt to
uniquely identify the elastic scattering potential. Good agreement
between the theoretical and experimental data has been obtained with
suitable optical potential parameters. Optical model calculations with
l -dependent imaginary potentials were also applied to the data and
relatively good agreement was found.
Abstract: In this study, mechanically alloyed Al 2024 powder is
densified by conventional sintering and by equal channel angular
pressing (ECAP) with and without back pressure. The powder was
encapsulated in an aluminium can for consolidation through ECAP.
The properties obtained in the compacts by conventional sintering
route and by ECAP are compared. The effect of conventional
sintering and ECAP on consolidation behaviour of powder,
microstructure, density and hardness is discussed. Room temperature
back pressure aided ECAP results in nearly full denser (97% of its
theoretical density) compact at room temperature. NanoIndentation
technique was used to determine the modulus of the consolidated
compacts.
Abstract: In the current age, retrieval of relevant information
from massive amount of data is a challenging job. Over the years,
precise and relevant retrieval of information has attained high
significance. There is a growing need in the market to build systems,
which can retrieve multimedia information that precisely meets the
user's current needs. In this paper, we have introduced a framework
for refining query results before showing it to the user, using ambient
intelligence, user profile, group profile, user location, time, day, user
device type and extracted features. A prototypic tool was also
developed to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed approach.
Abstract: The effect of Alumina nanoparticle size on thermophysical
properties, heat transfer performance and pressure loss characteristics of
Aviation Turbine Fuel (ATF)-Al2O3 nanofluids is studied experimentally for
the proposed application of regenerative cooling of semi-cryogenic rocket
engine thrust chambers. Al2O3 particles with mean diameters of 50 nm or 150
nm are dispersed in ATF. At 500C and 0.3% particle volume concentration,
the bigger particles show increases of 17% in thermal conductivity and 55% in
viscosity, whereas the smaller particles show corresponding increases of 21%
and 22% for thermal conductivity and viscosity respectively. Contrary to these
results, experiments to study the heat transfer performance and pressure loss
characteristics show that at the same pumping power, the maximum
enhancement in heat transfer coefficient at 500C and 0.3% concentration is
approximately 47% using bigger particles, whereas it is only 36% using
smaller particles.
Abstract: Composting is the process in which municipal solid
waste (MSW) and other organic waste materials such as biosolids
and manures are decomposed through the action of bacteria and other
microorganisms into a stable granular material which, applied to
land, as soil conditioner. Microorganisms, especially those that are
able to degrade polymeric organic material have a key role in speed
up this process. The aim of this study has been established to
isolation of microorganisms with high ability to production
extracellular enzymes for degradation of natural polymers that are
exists in MSW for decreasing time of degradation phase. Our
experimental study for isolation designed in two phases: in first
phase we isolated degrading microorganism with selected media that
consist a special natural polymer such as cellulose, starch, lipids and
etc as sole source of carbon. In second phase we selected
microorganism that had high degrading enzyme production with
enzymatic assay for seed production. However, our findings in pilot
scale have indicated that usage of this microbial consortium had high
efficiency for decreasing degradation phase.
Abstract: If science is supposed to gain greater social
relevance and acceptance, researchers must not only relate to
the broader public, but also promote intercourse within the
ivory tower itself. The latter process has been under way
successfully for a number of years in the form of
transdisciplinary research initiatives. What is still lacking is a
broad debate about the necessity to look around properly and
face up to opposing views on one and the same topic within
our own discipline.
Abstract: Two indica varieties, IR36 and ‘Suweon 258’ (“S”)
are middle-heading in southern Japan. 36U, also middle-heading, is
an isogenic line of IR36 carrying Ur1 (Undulate rachis-1) gene.
However, late-heading plants segregated in the F2 population from
the F1 of S × 36U, and so did in the following generations. The
concerning lateness gene is designated as Ex. From the F8 generation,
isogenic-line pair of early-heading and late-heading lines, denoted by
“E” (ex/ex) and “L” (Ex/Ex), were developed. Genetic analyses of
heading time were conducted, using F1s and F2s among L, E, S and
36U. The following inferences were drawn from the experimental
results: 1) L, and both of E and 36U harbor Ex and ex, respectively;
2) Besides Ex, S harbors an inhibitor gene to it, i.e. I-Ex which is a
novel finding of the present study. 3) Ex is a dominant allele at the
E1 locus.
Abstract: The notions of intuitionistic fuzzy h-ideal and normal
intuitionistic fuzzy h-ideal in Γ-hemiring are introduced and some
of the basic properties of these ideals are investigated. Cartesian
product of intuitionistic fuzzy h-ideals is also defined. Finally a
characterization of intuitionistic fuzzy h-ideals in terms of fuzzy
relations is obtained.
Abstract: This paper presents a formalisation of the different existing code mutation techniques (polymorphism and metamorphism) by means of formal grammars. While very few theoretical results are known about the detection complexity of viral mutation techniques, we exhaustively address this critical issue by considering the Chomsky classification of formal grammars. This enables us to determine which family of code mutation techniques are likely to be detected or on the contrary are bound to remain undetected. As an illustration we then present, on a formal basis, a proof-of-concept metamorphic mutation engine denoted PB MOT, whose detection has been proven to be undecidable.
Abstract: The daily increase of organic waste materials resulting
from different activities in the country is one of the main factors for
the pollution of environment. Today, with regard to the low level of
the output of using traditional methods, the high cost of disposal
waste materials and environmental pollutions, the use of modern
methods such as anaerobic digestion for the production of biogas has
been prevailing. The collected biogas from the process of anaerobic
digestion, as a renewable energy source similar to natural gas but
with a less methane and heating value is usable. Today, with the help
of technologies of filtration and proper preparation, access to biogas
with features fully similar to natural gas has become possible. At
present biogas is one of the main sources of supplying electrical and
thermal energy and also an appropriate option to be used in four
stroke engine, diesel engine, sterling engine, gas turbine, gas micro
turbine and fuel cell to produce electricity. The use of biogas for
different reasons which returns to socio-economic and environmental
advantages has been noticed in CHP for the production of energy in
the world. The production of biogas from the technology of anaerobic
digestion and its application in CHP power plants in Iran can not only
supply part of the energy demands in the country, but it can
materialize moving in line with the sustainable development. In this
article, the necessity of the development of CHP plants with biogas
fuels in the country will be dealt based on studies performed from the
economic, environmental and social aspects. Also to prove the
importance of the establishment of these kinds of power plants from
the economic point of view, necessary calculations has been done as
a case study for a CHP power plant with a biogas fuel.
Abstract: In recent years, a new numerical method has been
developed, the extended finite element method (X-FEM). The
objective of this work is to exploit the (X-FEM) for the treatment of
the fracture mechanics problems on 3D geometries, where we
showed the ability of this method to simulate the fatigue crack
growth into two cases: edge and central crack. In the results we
compared the six first natural frequencies of mode shapes uncracking
with the cracking initiation in the structure, and showed the stress
intensity factor (SIF) evolution function as crack size propagation
into structure, the analytical validation of (SIF) is presented. For to
evidence the aspects of this method, all result is compared between
FEA and X-FEM.
Abstract: Knowledge sharing enables the information or
knowledge to be transmitted from one source to another. This paper
demonstrates the needs of having the online book catalogue which
can be used to facilitate disseminating information on textbook used
in the university. This project is aimed to give access to the students
and lecturers to the list of books in the bookstore and at the same
time to allow book reviewing without having to visit the bookstore
physically. Research is carried out according to the boundaries which
accounts to current process of new book purchasing, current system
used by the bookstore and current process the lecturers go through
for reviewing textbooks. The questionnaire is used to gather the
requirements and it is distributed to 100 students and 40 lecturers.
This project has enabled the improvement of a manual process to be
carried out automatically, through a web based platform. It is shown
based on the user acceptance survey carried out that target groups
found that this web service is feasible to be implemented in
Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS (UTP), and they have shown
positive signs of interest in utilizing it in the future.
Abstract: In this paper, we propose a texture feature-based
language identification using wavelet-domain BDIP (block difference
of inverse probabilities) and BVLC (block variance of local
correlation coefficients) features and FFT (fast Fourier transform)
feature. In the proposed method, wavelet subbands are first obtained
by wavelet transform from a test image and denoised by Donoho-s
soft-thresholding. BDIP and BVLC operators are next applied to the
wavelet subbands. FFT blocks are also obtained by 2D (twodimensional)
FFT from the blocks into which the test image is
partitioned. Some significant FFT coefficients in each block are
selected and magnitude operator is applied to them. Moments for each
subband of BDIP and BVLC and for each magnitude of significant
FFT coefficients are then computed and fused into a feature vector. In
classification, a stabilized Bayesian classifier, which adopts variance
thresholding, searches the training feature vector most similar to the
test feature vector. Experimental results show that the proposed
method with the three operations yields excellent language
identification even with rather low feature dimension.
Abstract: This article discusses the questions concerning of creating small packet networks for energy companies with application of high voltage power line carrier equipment (PLC) with functionality of IP traffic transmission. The main idea is to create converged PLC links between substations and dispatching centers where packet data and voice are transmitted in one data flow. The article contents description of basic conception of the network, evaluation of voice traffic transmission parameters, and discussion of header compression techniques in relation to PLC links. The results of exploration show us, that convergent packet PLC links can be very useful in the construction of small packet networks between substations in remote locations, such as deposits or low populated areas.
Abstract: In this paper, 3X3 routing nodes are proposed to
provide speedup and parallel processing capability in Data Vortex
network architectures. The new design not only significantly
improves network throughput and latency, but also eliminates the
need for distributive traffic control mechanism originally embedded
among nodes and the need for nodal buffering. The cost effectiveness
is studied by a comparison study with the previously proposed 2-
input buffered networks, and considerable performance enhancement
can be achieved with similar or lower cost of hardware. Unlike
previous implementation, the network leaves small probability of
contention, therefore, the packet drop rate must be kept low for such
implementation to be feasible and attractive, and it can be achieved
with proper choice of operation conditions.
Abstract: Today-s Voltage Regulator Modules (VRMs) face increasing design challenges as the number of transistors in microprocessors increases per Moore-s Law. These challenges have recently become even more demanding as microprocessors operate at sub voltage range at significantly high current. This paper presents a new multiphase topology with cell configuration for improved performance in low voltage and high current applications. A lab scale hardware prototype of the new topology was design and constructed. Laboratory tests were performed on the proposed converter and compared with a commercially available VRM. Results from the proposed topology exhibit improved performance compared to the commercially available counterpart.