Abstract: Lean manufacturing is a production philosophy made
popular by Toyota Motor Corporation (TMC). It is globally known as
the Toyota Production System (TPS) and has the ultimate aim of
reducing cost by thoroughly eliminating wastes or muda. TPS
embraces the Just-in-time (JIT) manufacturing; achieving cost
reduction through lead time reduction. JIT manufacturing can be
achieved by implementing Pull system in the production.
Furthermore, TPS aims to improve productivity and creating
continuous flow in the production by arranging the machines and
processes in cellular configurations. This is called as Cellular
Manufacturing Systems (CMS). This paper studies on integrating the
CMS with the Pull system to establish a Big Island-Pull system
production for High Mix Low Volume (HMLV) products in an
automotive component industry. The paper will use the build-in JIT
system steps adapted from TMC to create the Pull system production
and also create a shojinka line which, according to takt time, has the
flexibility to adapt to demand changes simply by adding and taking
out manpower. This will lead to optimization in production.
Abstract: This article proposes modeling, simulation and
kinematic and workspace analysis of a spatial cable suspended robot
as incompletely Restrained Positioning Mechanism (IRPM). These
types of robots have six cables equal to the number of degrees of
freedom. After modeling, the kinds of workspace are defined then an
statically reachable combined workspace for different geometric
structures of fixed and moving platform is obtained. This workspace
is defined as the situations of reference point of the moving platform
(center of mass) which under external forces such as weight and with
ignorance of inertial effects, the moving platform should be in static
equilibrium under conditions that length of all cables must not be
exceeded from the maximum value and all of cables must be at
tension (they must have non-negative tension forces). Then the effect
of various parameters such as the size of moving platform, the size of
fixed platform, geometric configuration of robots, magnitude of
applied forces and moments to moving platform on workspace of
these robots with different geometric configuration are investigated.
Obtained results should be effective in employing these robots under
different conditions of applied wrench for increasing the workspace
volume.
Abstract: The paper discusses the results obtained to predict
reinforcement in singly reinforced beam using Neural Net (NN),
Support Vector Machines (SVM-s) and Tree Based Models. Major
advantage of SVM-s over NN is of minimizing a bound on the
generalization error of model rather than minimizing a bound on
mean square error over the data set as done in NN. Tree Based
approach divides the problem into a small number of sub problems to
reach at a conclusion. Number of data was created for different
parameters of beam to calculate the reinforcement using limit state
method for creation of models and validation. The results from this
study suggest a remarkably good performance of tree based and
SVM-s models. Further, this study found that these two techniques
work well and even better than Neural Network methods. A
comparison of predicted values with actual values suggests a very
good correlation coefficient with all four techniques.
Abstract: Recently research on human wayfinding has focused
mainly on mental representations rather than processes of
wayfinding. The objective of this paper is to demonstrate the
rationality behind applying multi-agent simulation paradigm to the
modeling of rescuer team wayfinding in order to develop
computational theory of perceptual wayfinding in crisis situations
using image schemata and affordances, which explains how people
find a specific destination in an unfamiliar building such as a
hospital. The hypothesis of this paper is that successful navigation is
possible if the agents are able to make the correct decision through
well-defined cues in critical cases, so the design of the building
signage is evaluated through the multi-agent-based simulation. In
addition, a special case of wayfinding in a building, finding one-s
way through three hospitals, is used to demonstrate the model.
Thereby, total rescue time for rescue operation during building fire is
computed. This paper discuses the computed rescue time for various
signage localization and provides experimental result for
optimization of building signage design. Therefore the most
appropriate signage design resulted in the shortest total rescue time in
various situations.
Abstract: In this paper, a design methodology to implement low-power and high-speed 2nd order recursive digital Infinite Impulse Response (IIR) filter has been proposed. Since IIR filters suffer from a large number of constant multiplications, the proposed method replaces the constant multiplications by using addition/subtraction and shift operations. The proposed new 6T adder cell is used as the Carry-Save Adder (CSA) to implement addition/subtraction operations in the design of recursive section IIR filter to reduce the propagation delay. Furthermore, high-level algorithms designed for the optimization of the number of CSA blocks are used to reduce the complexity of the IIR filter. The DSCH3 tool is used to generate the schematic of the proposed 6T CSA based shift-adds architecture design and it is analyzed by using Microwind CAD tool to synthesize low-complexity and high-speed IIR filters. The proposed design outperforms in terms of power, propagation delay, area and throughput when compared with MUX-12T, MCIT-7T based CSA adder filter design. It is observed from the experimental results that the proposed 6T based design method can find better IIR filter designs in terms of power and delay than those obtained by using efficient general multipliers.
Abstract: The objective of this study was to investigate hydrogen production from alcohol wastewater by anaerobic sequencing batch reactor (ASBR) under thermophillic operation. The ASBR unit used in this study had a liquid holding volume of 4 L and was operated at 6 cycles per day. The seed sludge taken from an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket unit treating the same wastewater was boiled at 95 °C for 15 min before being fed to the ASBR unit. The ASBR system was operated at different COD loading rates at a thermophillic temperature (55 °C), and controlled pH of 5.5. When the system was operated under optimum conditions (providing maximum hydrogen production performance) at a feed COD of 60 000 mg/l, and a COD loading rate of 68 kg/m3 d, the produced gas contained 43 % H2 content in the produced gas. Moreover, the hydrogen yield and the specific hydrogen production rate (SHPR) were 130 ml H2/g COD removed and 2100 ml H2/l d, respectively.
Abstract: The key to the continued success of ANN depends, considerably,
on the use of hybrid structures implemented on cooperative
frame-works. Hybrid architectures provide the ability to the ANN
to validate heterogeneous learning paradigms. This work describes
the implementation of a set of Distributed and Hybrid ANN models
for Character Recognition applied to Anglo-Assamese scripts. The
objective is to describe the effectiveness of Hybrid ANN setups as
innovative means of neural learning for an application like multilingual
handwritten character and numeral recognition.
Abstract: In this paper, a new approach is introduced to solve
Blasius equation using parameter identification of a nonlinear
function which is used as approximation function. Bees Algorithm
(BA) is applied in order to find the adjustable parameters of
approximation function regarding minimizing a fitness function
including these parameters (i.e. adjustable parameters). These
parameters are determined how the approximation function has to
satisfy the boundary conditions. In order to demonstrate the
presented method, the obtained results are compared with another
numerical method. Present method can be easily extended to solve a
wide range of problems.
Abstract: this study was carried out to investigate the changes in
quality parameters of rye bread packaged in different polymer films
during convection air-flow thermal treatment process. Whole loafs of
bread were placed in polymer pouches, which were sealed in reduced
pressure air ambiance, bread was thermally treated in
at temperature +(130; 140; and 150) ± 5 ºC within 40min, as long as
the core temperature of the samples have reached accordingly
+80±1 ºC. For bread packaging pouches were used: anti-fog
Mylar®OL12AF and thermo resistant combined polymer material.
Main quality parameters was analysed using standard methods:
temperature in bread core, bread crumb and crust firmness value,
starch granules volume and microflora. In the current research it was
proved, that polymer films significantly influence rye bread quality
parameters changes during thermal treatment. Thermo resistant
combined polymer material film could be recommendable for
packaged rye bread pasteurization, for maximal bread quality
parameter keeping.
Abstract: Rule Discovery is an important technique for mining
knowledge from large databases. Use of objective measures for
discovering interesting rules leads to another data mining problem,
although of reduced complexity. Data mining researchers have
studied subjective measures of interestingness to reduce the volume
of discovered rules to ultimately improve the overall efficiency of
KDD process.
In this paper we study novelty of the discovered rules as a
subjective measure of interestingness. We propose a hybrid approach
based on both objective and subjective measures to quantify novelty
of the discovered rules in terms of their deviations from the known
rules (knowledge). We analyze the types of deviation that can arise
between two rules and categorize the discovered rules according to
the user specified threshold. We implement the proposed framework
and experiment with some public datasets. The experimental results
are promising.
Abstract: Sesame is one of the oldest and most important oil
crops as main crop and second crop agriculture. This study was
carried out to determine the effects of different inter- and intra-row
spacings on the yield and yield components on second crop sesame;
was set up in Antalya West Mediterranean Agricultural Research
Institue in 2009. Muganlı 57 sesame cultivar was used as plant
material. The field experiment was set up in a split plot design and
row spacings (30, 40, 50, 60 and 70 cm) were assigned to the main
plots and and intra-row spacings (5, 10, 20 and 30 cm) were assigned
to the subplots. Seed yield, oil ratio, oil yield, protein ratio and
protein yield were investigated. In general, wided inter row spacings
and intra-row spacings, resulted in decreased seed yield, oil yield and
protein yield. The highest seed yield, oil yield and protein yield
(respectively, 1115.0 kg ha-1, 551.3 kg ha-1, 224.7 kg ha-1) were
obtained from 30x5 cm plant density while the lowest seed yield, oil
yield and protein yield (respectively, 677.0 kg ha-1, 327.0 kg ha-1,
130.0 kg ha-1) were recorded from 70x30 cm plant density. As a
result, in terms of oil yield for second crop sesame agriculture, 30 cm
row spacing, and 5 cm intra row spacing are the most suitable plant
densities.
Abstract: Protein structure determination and prediction has
been a focal research subject in the field of bioinformatics due to the
importance of protein structure in understanding the biological and
chemical activities of organisms. The experimental methods used by
biotechnologists to determine the structures of proteins demand
sophisticated equipment and time. A host of computational methods
are developed to predict the location of secondary structure elements
in proteins for complementing or creating insights into experimental
results. However, prediction accuracies of these methods rarely
exceed 70%.
Abstract: the intension in this work is to investigate the effect of
different bending manifold pipes on engine performance for different
engine speed. Power, Torque, and BSFC were calculated and
presented to show the effect of varying bending pipes angles on them
for all cases considered. A special program used to carry out the
calculations. A simulation model for 4-cylinders spark ignition
engine with turbocharger has been built and calculated. The analysis
of the results shows that for 120o angle the torque increases about
40% at 3000 rpm and 25% at 4000 rpm without changing in fuel
consumption. For 90o angle the increment in torque is about 10 %.
For the same bending angle the increment in brake power is around
40% at 3000 rpm and 25% at 4000 rpm. The increment in fuel
consumption is about 12% for 60o and 30% for 90o between (6000-
7000) rpm.
Abstract: This research focuses on the effect of weight
percentage variation and size variation of MgFeSi added,
gating system design and reaction chamber design on inmold
process. By using inmold process, well-known problem of
fading is avoided because the liquid iron reacts with
magnesium in the mold and not, as usual, in the ladle. During
the pouring operation, liquid metal passes through the
chamber containing the magnesium, where the reaction of the
metal with magnesium proceeds in the absence of atmospheric
oxygen [1].In this paper, the results of microstructural
characteristic of ductile iron on this parameters are mentioned.
The mechanisms of the inmold process are also described [2].
The data obtained from this research will assist in producing
the vehicle parts and other machinery parts for different
industrial zones and government industries and in transferring
the technology to all industrial zones in Myanmar. Therefore,
the inmold technology offers many advantages over traditional
treatment methods both from a technical and environmental,
as well as an economical point of view. The main objective of
this research is to produce ductile iron castings in all industrial
sectors in Myanmar more easily with lower costs. It will also
assist the sharing of knowledge and experience related to the
ductile iron production.
Abstract: Web sites are rapidly becoming the preferred media
choice for our daily works such as information search, company
presentation, shopping, and so on. At the same time, we live in a
period where visual appearances play an increasingly important
role in our daily life. In spite of designers- effort to develop a web
site which be both user-friendly and attractive, it would be difficult
to ensure the outcome-s aesthetic quality, since the visual
appearance is a matter of an individual self perception and opinion.
In this study, it is attempted to develop an automatic system for
web pages aesthetic evaluation which are the building blocks of
web sites. Based on the image processing techniques and artificial
neural networks, the proposed method would be able to categorize
the input web page according to its visual appearance and aesthetic
quality. The employed features are multiscale/multidirectional
textural and perceptual color properties of the web pages, fed to
perceptron ANN which has been trained as the evaluator. The
method is tested using university web sites and the results
suggested that it would perform well in the web page aesthetic
evaluation tasks with around 90% correct categorization.
Abstract: Validity is an overriding consideration in language testing. If a test score is intended for a particular purpose, this must be supported through empirical evidence. This article addresses the validity of a multiple-choice achievement test (MCT). The test is administered at the end of each semester to decide about students' mastery of a course in general English. To provide empirical evidence pertaining to the validity of this test, two criterion measures were used. In so doing, a Cloze test and a C-test which are reported to gauge general English proficiency were utilized. The results of analyses show that there is a statistically significant correlation among participants' scores on the MCT, Cloze, and Ctest. Drawing on the findings of the study, it can be cautiously deduced that these tests measure the same underlying trait. However, allowing for the limitations of using criterion measures to validate tests, we cannot make any absolute claim as to the validity of this MCT test.
Abstract: It is well known that the abrasive particles in the
abrasive water suspension has significant effect on the erosion
characteristics of the inside surface of the nozzle. Abrasive particles
moving with the flow cause severe skin friction effect, there by
altering the nozzle diameter due to wear which in turn reflects on the
life of the nozzle for effective machining. Various commercial
abrasives are available for abrasive water jet machining. The erosion
characteristic of each abrasive is different. In consideration of this
aspect, in the present work, the effect of abrasive materials namely
garnet, aluminum oxide and silicon carbide on skin friction
coefficient due to wall shear stress and jet kinetic energy has been
analyzed. It is found that the abrasive material of lower density
produces a relatively higher skin friction effect and higher jet exit
kinetic energy.
Abstract: Aldehydes as secondary lipid oxidation products are highly specific to the oxidative degradation of particular polyunsaturated fatty acids present in foods. Gas chromatographic analysis of those volatile compounds has been widely used for monitoring of the deterioration of food products. Developed static headspace gas chromatography method using flame ionization detector (SHS GC FID) was applied to monitor the aldehydes present in processed foods such as bakery, meat and confectionary products.
Five selected aldehydes were determined in samples without any sample preparation, except grinding for bakery and meat products. SHS–GC analysis allows the separation of propanal, pentanal, hexanal, heptanal and octanal, within 15min. Aldehydes were quantified in fresh and stored samples, and the obtained range of aldehydes in crackers was 1.62±0.05 – 9.95±0.05mg/kg, in sausages 6.62±0.46 – 39.16±0.39mg/kg; and in cocoa spread cream 0.48±0.01 – 1.13±0.02mg/kg. Referring to the obtained results, the following can be concluded, proposed method is suitable for different types of samples, content of aldehydes varies depending on the type of a sample, and differs in fresh and stored samples of the same type.
Abstract: In Algeria, now, the oil pumping plants are fed with electric power by independent local sources. This type of feeding has many advantages (little climatic influence, independent operation). However it requires a qualified maintenance staff, a rather high frequency of maintenance and repair and additional fuel costs. Taking into account the increasing development of the national electric supply network (Sonelgaz), a real possibility of transfer of the local sources towards centralized sources appears.These latter cannot only be more economic but more reliable than the independent local sources as well. In order to carry out this transfer, it is necessary to work out an optimal strategy to rebuilding these networks taking in account the economic parameters and the indices of reliability.
Abstract: Einstein vacuum equations, that is a system of nonlinear
partial differential equations (PDEs) are derived from Weyl metric
by using relation between Einstein tensor and metric tensor. The
symmetries of Einstein vacuum equations for static axisymmetric
gravitational fields are obtained using the Lie classical method. We
have examined the optimal system of vector fields which is further
used to reduce nonlinear PDE to nonlinear ordinary differential
equation (ODE). Some exact solutions of Einstein vacuum equations
in general relativity are also obtained.