Abstract: This paper examines and compares several of the most common real time methods. These methods are CORE, YSM, MASCOT, JSD, DARTS, RTSAD, ADARTS, CODARTS, HOOD, HRT-HOOD, ROOM, UML, UML-RT. The methods are compared using attributes like i) usability, ii) compositionality and iii) proper RT notations available. Finally some comparison results are given and discussed.
Abstract: In-vitro mouse co-culture of E14 embryonic stem cells
(ESCs) and OP9 stromal cells can recapitulate the earliest stages of
haematopoietic development, not accessible in human embryos,
supporting both haemogenic precursors and their primitive
haematopoietic progeny. 1α, 25-Dihydroxy-vitamin D3 (VD3) has
been demonstrated to be a powerful differentiation inducer for a wide
variety of neoplastic cells, and could enhance early differentiation of
ESCs into blood cells in E14/OP9 co-culture. This study aims to
ascertain whether VD3 is key in promoting differentiation and
suppressing proliferation, by separately investigating the effects of
VD3 on the proliferation phase of the E14 cell line and on stromal
OP9 cells.The results showed that VD3 inhibited the proliferation of
the cells in a dose-dependent manner, quantitatively by decreased cell
number, and qualitatively by alkaline-phosphatase staining that
revealed significant differences between VD3-treated and untreated
cells, characterised by decreased enzyme expression (colourless
cells). Propidium-iodide cell-cycle analyses showed no significant
percentage change in VD3-treated E14 and OP9 cells within their G
and S-phases, compared to the untreated controls, despite the
increased percentage of G-phase compared to the S-phase in a dosedependent
manner. These results with E14 and OP9 cells indicate that
adequate VD3 concentration enhances cellular differentiation and
inhibits proliferation. The results also suggest that if E14 and OP9
cells were co-cultured andVD3-treated, there would be furtherenhanced
differentiation of ESCs into blood cells.
Abstract: Model-based approaches have been applied successfully
to a wide range of tasks such as specification, simulation, testing, and
diagnosis. But one bottleneck often prevents the introduction of these
ideas: Manual modeling is a non-trivial, time-consuming task.
Automatically deriving models by observing and analyzing running
systems is one possible way to amend this bottleneck. To
derive a model automatically, some a-priori knowledge about the
model structure–i.e. about the system–must exist. Such a model
formalism would be used as follows: (i) By observing the network
traffic, a model of the long-term system behavior could be generated
automatically, (ii) Test vectors can be generated from the model,
(iii) While the system is running, the model could be used to diagnose
non-normal system behavior.
The main contribution of this paper is the introduction of a model
formalism called 'probabilistic regression automaton' suitable for the
tasks mentioned above.
Abstract: Support vector machines (SVMs) have shown
superior performance compared to other machine learning techniques,
especially in classification problems. Yet one limitation of SVMs is
the lack of an explanation capability which is crucial in some
applications, e.g. in the medical and security domains. In this paper, a
novel approach for eclectic rule-extraction from support vector
machines is presented. This approach utilizes the knowledge acquired
by the SVM and represented in its support vectors as well as the
parameters associated with them. The approach includes three stages;
training, propositional rule-extraction and rule quality evaluation.
Results from four different experiments have demonstrated the value
of the approach for extracting comprehensible rules of high accuracy
and fidelity.
Abstract: During recent years wind turbine technology has
undergone rapid developments. Growth in size and the optimization
of wind turbines has enabled wind energy to become increasingly
competitive with conventional energy sources. As a result today-s
wind turbines participate actively in the power production of several
countries around the world. These developments raise a number of
challenges to be dealt with now and in the future. The penetration of
wind energy in the grid raises questions about the compatibility of the
wind turbine power production with the grid. In particular, the
contribution to grid stability, power quality and behavior during fault
situations plays therefore as important a role as the reliability. In the
present work, we addressed two fault situations that have shown their
influence on the generator and the behavior of the wind over the
defects which are briefly discussed based on simulation results.
Abstract: Isobaric vapor-liquid equilibrium measurements are
reported for the binary mixture of Methyl acetate and
Isopropylbenzene at 97.3 kPa. The measurements have been
performed using a vapor recirculating type (modified Othmer's)
equilibrium still. The mixture shows positive deviation from ideality
and does not form an azeotrope. The activity coefficients have been
calculated taking into consideration the vapor phase nonideality. The
data satisfy the thermodynamic consistency tests of Herington and
Black. The activity coefficients have been satisfactorily correlated by
means of the Margules, NRTL, and Black equations. A comparison
of the values of activity coefficients obtained by experimental data
with the UNIFAC model has been made.
Abstract: The paper proposes the novel design of a 3T XOR gate combining complementary CMOS with pass transistor logic. The design has been compared with earlier proposed 4T and 6T XOR gates and a significant improvement in silicon area and power-delay product has been obtained. An eight transistor full adder has been designed using the proposed three-transistor XOR gate and its performance has been investigated using 0.15um and 0.35um technologies. Compared to the earlier designed 10 transistor full adder, the proposed adder shows a significant improvement in silicon area and power delay product. The whole simulation has been carried out using HSPICE.
Abstract: Social, culture and artistic status of a society in
various historical eras is affected by numerous, and sometimes
imposed, factors that better understanding requires analysis of such
conditions. Throughout history Iran has been involved with
determining and significant events that examining each of these
events can improve the understanding of social conditions of this
country in the intended time. Mongolian conquest of Iran is one of
most significant events in the history of Iran with consequences that
never left Iranian societies. During this tragic invasion and
subsequent devastating wars, which led to establishment of Ilkhanate
dynasty, numerous cultural and artistic changes occurred both in
Mongolian conquerors and Iranian society. This study examines these
changes with a glimpse towards art and architecture as important part
of cultural aspects and social communication.
Abstract: Feature and model selection are in the center of
attention of many researches because of their impact on classifiers-
performance. Both selections are usually performed separately but
recent developments suggest using a combined GA-SVM approach to
perform them simultaneously. This approach improves the
performance of the classifier identifying the best subset of variables
and the optimal parameters- values. Although GA-SVM is an
effective method it is computationally expensive, thus a rough
method can be considered. The paper investigates a joined approach
of Genetic Algorithm and kernel matrix criteria to perform
simultaneously feature and model selection for SVM classification
problem. The purpose of this research is to improve the classification
performance of SVM through an efficient approach, the Kernel
Matrix Genetic Algorithm method (KMGA).
Abstract: In a bi-fuel diesel engine, the carburetor plays a vital
role in switching from fuel gas to petrol mode operation and viceversa.
The carburetor is the most important part of the fuel system of
a diesel engine. All diesel engines carry variable venturi mixer
carburetors. The basic operation of the carburetor mainly depends on
the restriction barrel called the venturi. When air flows through the
venturi, its speed increases and its pressure decreases. The main
challenge focuses on designing a mixing device which mixes the
supplied gas is the incoming air at an optimum ratio. In order to
surmount the identified problems, the way fuel gas and air flow in
the mixer have to be analyzed. In this case, the Computational Fluid
Dynamics or CFD approach is applied in design of the prototype
mixer. The present work is aimed at further understanding of the air
and fuel flow structure by performing CFD studies using a software
code. In this study for mixing air and gas in the condition that has
been mentioned in continuance, some mixers have been designed.
Then using of computational fluid dynamics, the optimum mixer has
been selected. The results indicated that mixer with 12 holes can
produce a homogenous mixture than those of 8-holes and 6-holes
mixer. Also the result showed that if inlet convergency was smoother
than outlet divergency, the mixture get more homogenous, the reason
of that is in increasing turbulence in outlet divergency.
Abstract: Vapour recompression system has been used to
enhance reduction in energy consumption and improvement in
energy effectiveness of distillation columns. However, the effects of
certain parameters have not been taken into consideration. One of
such parameters is the column heat loss which has either been
assumed to be a certain percent of reboiler heat transfer or negligible.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the heat loss from an
ethanol-water vapour recompression distillation column with
pressure increase across the compressor (VRCAS) and compare the
results obtained and its effect on some parameters in similar system
(VRCCS) where the column heat loss has been assumed or neglected.
Results show that the heat loss evaluated was higher when compared
with that obtained for the column VRCCS. The results also showed
that increase in heat loss could have significant effect on the total
energy consumption, reboiler heat transfer, the number of trays and
energy effectiveness of the column.
Abstract: The excessive consumption of fossil energies (electrical energy) during summer caused by the technological development involves more and more climate warming.
In order to reduce the worst impact of gas emissions produced from classical air conditioning, heat driven solar absorption chiller is pretty promising; it consists on using solar as motive energy which is clean and environmentally friendly to provide cold.
Solar absorption machine is composed by four components using Lithium Bromide /water as a refrigerating couple. LiBr- water is the most promising in chiller applications due to high safety, high volatility ratio, high affinity, high stability and its high latent heat. The lithium bromide solution is constitute by the salt lithium bromide which absorbs water under certain conditions of pressure and temperature however if the concentration of the solution is high in the absorption chillers; which exceed 70%, the solution will crystallize.
The main aim of this article is to study the phenomena of the crystallization and to evaluate how the dependence between the electric conductivity and the concentration which should be controlled.
Abstract: The problem of Small Area Estimation (SAE) is complex because of various information sources and insufficient data. In this paper, an approach for SAE is presented for decision-making at national, regional and local level. We propose an Empirical Best Linear Unbiased Predictor (EBLUP) as an estimator in order to combine several information sources to evaluate various indicators. First, we present the urban audit project and its environmental, social and economic indicators. Secondly, we propose an approach for decision making in order to estimate indicators. An application is used to validate the theoretical proposal. Finally, a decision support system is presented based on open-source environment.
Abstract: An electronic portal image device (EPID) has become
a method of patient-specific IMRT dose verification for radiotherapy.
Research studies have focused on pre and post-treatment verification,
however, there are currently no interventional procedures using EPID
dosimetry that measure the dose in real time as a mechanism to
ensure that overdoses do not occur and underdoses are detected as
soon as is practically possible. As a result, an EPID-based real time
dose verification system for dynamic IMRT was developed and was
implemented with MATLAB/Simulink. The EPID image acquisition
was set to continuous acquisition mode at 1.4 images per second. The
system defined the time constraint gap, or execution gap at the image
acquisition time, so that every calculation must be completed before
the next image capture is completed. In addition, the
Abstract: Mercury adsorption on soil was investigated at
different ionic strengths using Ca(NO3)2 as a background electrolyte.
Results fitted the Langmuir equation and the adsorption isotherms
reached a plateau at higher equilibrium concentrations. Increasing
ionic strength decreased the sorption of mercury, due to the
competition of Ca ions for the sorption sites in the soils. The
influence of ionic strength was related to the mechanisms of heavy
metal sorption by the soil. These results can be of practical
importance both in the agriculture and contaminated soils since the
solubility of mercury in soils are strictly dependent on the adsorption
and release process.
Abstract: The last years have seen an increasing use of image analysis techniques in the field of biomedical imaging, in particular in microscopic imaging. The basic step for most of the image analysis techniques relies on a background image free of objects of interest, whether they are cells or histological samples, to perform further analysis, such as segmentation or mosaicing. Commonly, this image consists of an empty field acquired in advance. However, many times achieving an empty field could not be feasible. Or else, this could be different from the background region of the sample really being studied, because of the interaction with the organic matter. At last, it could be expensive, for instance in case of live cell analyses. We propose a non parametric and general purpose approach where the background is built automatically stemming from a sequence of images containing even objects of interest. The amount of area, in each image, free of objects just affects the overall speed to obtain the background. Experiments with different kinds of microscopic images prove the effectiveness of our approach.
Abstract: In this paper, we propose a novel concept of relative
distance measurement using Stereo Vision Technology and discuss
its implementation on a FPGA based real-time image processor. We
capture two images using two CCD cameras and compare them.
Disparity is calculated for each pixel using a real time dense disparity
calculation algorithm. This algorithm is based on the concept of
indexed histogram for matching. Disparity being inversely
proportional to distance (Proved Later), we can thus get the relative
distances of objects in front of the camera. The output is displayed on
a TV screen in the form of a depth image (optionally using pseudo
colors). This system works in real time on a full PAL frame rate (720
x 576 active pixels @ 25 fps).
Abstract: In this present study, experimental work was
conducted to study the effectiveness of newly innovated steel-CFRP
composite (CFRP laminates sandwiched between two steel strips) as
stirrups. A total numbers of eight concrete beams were tested under
four point loads. Each beam measured 1600 mm long, 160mm width
and 240 mm depth. The beams were reinforced with different shear
reinforcements; one without stirrups, one with steel stirrups and six
with different types and numbers of steel-CRFR stirrups. Test results
indicated that the steel-CFRP stirrups had enhanced the shear
strength capacity of beams. Moreover, the tests revealed that steel-
CFRP stirrups reached to their ultimate tensile strength unlike FRP
stirrups which rupture at much lower level than their ultimate
strength as werereported in various researches.
Abstract: Electro-optical devices are increasingly used for
military sea-, land- and air applications to detect, recognize and track
objects. Typically, these devices produce video information that is
presented to an operator. However, with increasing availability of
electro-optical devices the data volume is becoming very large,
creating a rising need for automated analysis. In a military setting,
this typically involves detecting and recognizing objects at a large
distance, i.e. when they are difficult to distinguish from background
and noise. One may consider combining multiple images from a
video stream into a single enhanced image that provides more
information for the operator. In this paper we investigate a simple
algorithm to enhance simulated images from a military context and
investigate how the enhancement is affected by various types of
disturbance.
Abstract: Health problems linked to urban growth are current
major concerns of developing countries. In 2002 and 2005, an
interdisciplinary program “Populations et Espaces ├á Risques
SANitaires" (PERSAN) was set up under the patronage of the
Development and Research Institute. Centered on health in
Cameroon-s urban environment, the program mainly sought to (i)
identify diarrhoea risk factors in Yaoundé, (ii) to measure their
prevalence and apprehend their spatial distribution. The crosssectional
epidemiological study that was carried out revealed a
diarrheic prevalence of 14.4% (437 cases of diarrhoea on the 3,034
children examined). Also, among risk factors studied, household
refuse management methods used by city dwellers were statistically
associated to these diarrhoeas. Moreover, it happened that levels of
diarrhoeal attacks varied consistently from one neighbourhood to
another because of the discrepancy urbanization process of the
Yaoundé metropolis.