Abstract: Diabetes disease that arises from the higher glucose level due to insulin shortage or insulin opposition in the human body has become a common disease in the world. No medicine can cure it completely. However, by taking medicine, maintaining diets, and having exercises regularly, a diabetes patient can keep his glucose level within the specified limits and in this way, he/she can lead a normal life like a healthy person. But to control glucose levels, a patient needs to monitor them regularly. Various techniques are being used over the last four decades. This modern review article aims to provide a comparative study report on various blood glucose monitoring techniques in a very concise and organized manner. The review mainly emphasizes working principles, cost, technology, sensors, measurement types, measurement accuracy, advantages, and disadvantages, etc. of various techniques and then compares among each other. Besides, the use of algorithms and simulators for the growth of this technology is also presented. Finally, current research trends of this measurement technology have also been discussed.
Abstract: The flow pattern inside rectangular intake air duct of 300 MW lignite coal-fired power plant is investigated in order to analyze and reduce overall inlet system pressure drop. The system consists of the 45-degree inlet elbow, the flow instrument, the 90-degree mitered elbow and fans, respectively. The energy loss in each section can be determined by Bernoulli’s equation and ASHRAE standard table. Hence, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is used in this study based on Navier-Stroke equation and the standard k-epsilon turbulence modeling. Input boundary condition is 175 kg/s mass flow rate inside the 11-m2 cross sectional duct. According to the inlet air flow rate, the Reynolds number of airstream is 2.7x106 (based on the hydraulic duct diameter), thus the flow behavior is turbulence. The numerical results are validated with the real operation data. It is found that the numerical result agrees well with the operating data, and dominant loss occurs at the flow rate measurement device. Normally, the air flow rate is measured by the airfoil and it gets high pressure drop inside the duct. To overcome this problem, the airfoil is planned to be replaced with the other type measuring instrument, such as the average pitot tube which generates low pressure drop of airstream. The numerical result in case of average pitot tube shows that the pressure drop inside the inlet airstream duct is decreased significantly. It should be noted that the energy consumption of inlet air system is reduced too.
Abstract: The post-rain puddles problem that occurs in the first
yard of Prambanan Temple are often disturbing visitor activity. A
poodle layer and a drainage system had ever built to avoid such a
problem, but puddles still did not stop appearing after rain.
Permeability parameter needs to be determined by using a simpler
procedure to find exact method of solution. The instrument modelling
was proposed according to the development of field permeability
testing instrument. This experiment used a proposed Constant
Discharge method. Constant Discharge method used a tube poured
with constant water flow from unsaturated until saturated soil
condition. Volumetric water content (θ) were monitored by soil
moisture measurement device. The results were correlations between
k and θ which were drawn by numerical approach from Van
Genutchen model. Parameters θr optimum value obtained from the
test was at very dry soil. Coefficient of permeability with a density of
19.8 kN/m3 for unsaturated conditions was in range of 3 x 10-6
cm/sec (Sr=68%) until 9.98 x 10-4 cm/sec (Sr=82%). The equipment
and testing procedure developed in this research was quite effective,
simple and easy to be implemented on determining field soil
permeability coefficient value of sandy soil. Using constant discharge
method in proposed permeability test, value of permeability
coefficient under unsaturated condition can be obtained without
establish soil water characteristic curve.
Abstract: In this paper we present the design of an optical
device based on a Herriott multi-pass cell fabricated on a small sized
acrylic slab for heat flux measurements using the deflection of a laser
beam propagating inside the cell. The beam deflection is produced by
the heat flux conducted to the acrylic slab due to a gradient in the
refractive index. The use of a long path cell as the sensitive element
in this measurement device, gives the possibility of high sensitivity
within a small size device. We present the optical design as well as
some experimental results in order to validate the device’s operation
principle.
Abstract: Digital image correlation (DIC) is a contactless fullfield
displacement and strain reconstruction technique commonly
used in the field of experimental mechanics. Comparing with
physical measuring devices, such as strain gauges, which only
provide very restricted coverage and are expensive to deploy widely,
the DIC technique provides the result with full-field coverage and
relative high accuracy using an inexpensive and simple experimental
setup. It is very important to study the natural patterns effect on the
DIC technique because the preparation of the artificial patterns is
time consuming and hectic process. The objective of this research is
to study the effect of using images having natural pattern on the
performance of DIC. A systematical simulation method is used to
build simulated deformed images used in DIC. A parameter (subset
size) used in DIC can have an effect on the processing and accuracy
of DIC and even cause DIC to failure. Regarding to the picture
parameters (correlation coefficient), the higher similarity of two
subset can lead the DIC process to fail and make the result more
inaccurate. The pictures with good and bad quality for DIC methods
have been presented and more importantly, it is a systematic way to
evaluate the quality of the picture with natural patterns before they
install the measurement devices.
Abstract: Laser projection or laser footprint detection is today widely used in many fields of robotics, measurement or electronics. The system accuracy strictly depends on precise laser footprint detection on target objects. This article deals with the laser line detection based on the RGB segmentation and the component labeling. As a measurement device was used the developed optical rangefinder. The optical rangefinder is equipped with vertical sweeping of the laser beam and high quality camera. This system was developed mainly for automatic exploration and mapping of unknown spaces. In the first section is presented a new detection algorithm. In the second section are presented measurements results. The measurements were performed in variable light conditions in interiors. The last part of the article present achieved results and their differences between day and night measurements.
Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to provide a practical
example to the Linear Quadratic Gaussian (LQG) controller. This
method includes a description and some discussion of the discrete
Kalman state estimator. One aspect of this optimality is that the
estimator incorporates all information that can be provided to it. It
processes all available measurements, regardless of their precision, to
estimate the current value of the variables of interest, with use of
knowledge of the system and measurement device dynamics, the
statistical description of the system noises, measurement errors, and
uncertainty in the dynamics models.
Since the time of its introduction, the Kalman filter has been the
subject of extensive research and application, particularly in the area
of autonomous or assisted navigation. For example, to determine the
velocity of an aircraft or sideslip angle, one could use a Doppler
radar, the velocity indications of an inertial navigation system, or the
relative wind information in the air data system. Rather than ignore
any of these outputs, a Kalman filter could be built to combine all of
this data and knowledge of the various systems- dynamics to
generate an overall best estimate of velocity and sideslip angle.
Abstract: As known that efficiency of photovoltaic cells is not
high as desired level. Efficiency of PVs could be improved by
selecting convenient locations that have high solar irradiation,
sunshine duration, mild temperature, low level air pollution and dust
concentration. Additionally, some environmental parameters called
derating factors effect to decrease PV efficiencies such as cloud, high
temperature, aerosol optical depth, high dust concentration, shadow,
snow, humidity etc. In this paper, all parameters that effect PV
efficiency are considered in detail under climatic conditions of
Istanbul. A 750 Wp PV system with measurement devices is
constructed in Maslak campus of Istanbul Technical University.
Abstract: This paper presents a low cost automatic system for
sampling the electric field in a limited area. The scanning area is a
flat surface parallel to the ground at a selected height. We discuss
in detail the hardware, software and all the arrangements involved
in the system operation. In order to show the system performance
we include a campaign of narrow band measurements with 6017
sample points in the surroundings of a cellular base station. A
commercial isotropic antenna with three orthogonal axes was used
as sampling device. The results are analyzed in terms of its space
average, standard deviation and statistical distribution.