Abstract: The scale dependence of the strength of virtually homogeneous rock is usually considered to be insignificant but the spectrum of discontinuities plays a very important role for the strength of differently sized rock elements and also controls the rock creep strain. Large-scale load tests comprised recording of the creep strain rate that was found to be strongly retarded and negligible for stresses lower than about 1/3 of the failure load. For higher stresses creep took place according to a log time law representing secondary creep that ultimately changed to tertiary creep and failure.
Abstract: A power measurement algorithm of the input mix components of the noise signal and narrowband interference is considered using functional transformations of the input mix in the postdetection processing channel. The algorithm efficiency analysis has been carried out for different interference-to-signal ratio. Algorithm performance features have been explored by numerical experiment results.
Abstract: A novel interpolation scheme to extend usable spectrum
and upconvert in high performance D/A converters is addressed in this
paper. By adjusting the pulse width of cycle and the production circuit
of code, the expansion code is a null code or complementary code that
is interpolation process. What the times and codes of interpolation
decide DAC works in one of a normal mode or multi-mixer mode
so that convert the input digital data signal into normal signal or a
mixed analog signal having a mixer frequency that is higher than the
data frequency. Simulation results show that the novel scheme and
apparatus most extend the usable frequency spectrum into fifth to
sixth Nyquist zone beyond conventional DACs.
Abstract: In this paper, we proposed the effects of Mo thickness
on the properties of AZO/Mo/AZO multilayer thin films for
opto-electronics applications. The structural, optical and electrical
properties of AZO/Mo/AZO thin films were investigated.
Optimization of the thin films coatings resulted with low resistivity of
9.98 × 10-5 )-cm, mobility of 12.75 cm2/V-s, carrier concentration of
1.05 × 1022 cm-3, maximum transmittance of 79.13% over visible
spectrum of 380 – 780 nm and Haacke figure of merit (FOM) are 5.95
× 10-2 )-1 under Mo layer thickness of 15 nm. These results indicate an
alternative candidate for use as a transparent electrode in solar cells
and various displays applications.
Abstract: For cognitive radio networks, there is a major
spectrum sensing problem, i.e. dynamic spectrum management. It is
an important issue to sense and identify the spectrum holes in
cognitive radio networks. The first-order derivative scheme is usually
used to detect the edge of the spectrum. In this paper, a novel
spectrum sensing technique for cognitive radio is presented. The
proposed algorithm offers efficient edge detection. Then, simulation
results show the performance of the first-order derivative scheme and
the proposed scheme and depict that the proposed scheme obtains
better performance than does the first-order derivative scheme.
Abstract: This paper gives a study about forging solution to
deploy the fixed wireless access (FWA) in the band 3300-3400MHz
instead of 3400-3600MHz to eschew the harmful interference
between from the FWA towards fixed satellite services receiver
presented in this band. The impact of FWA services toward the FSS
and the boundaries of spectrum emission mask had been considered
to calculate the possible Guard band required in this case. In
addition, supplementary separation distance added to improve the
coexistence between the two adjacent bands. Simulation had been
done using Matlab software base on ITU models reliance on the most
popular specification used for the tropical weather countries. Review
the current problem of interference between two systems and some
mitigation techniques which adopted in Malaysia as a case study is a
part of this research.
Abstract: Recent research result has shown that two multidelay
feedback systems can synchronize each other under different
schemes, i.e. lag, projective-lag, anticipating, or projectiveanticipating
synchronization. There, the driving signal is significantly
complex due that it is constituted by multiple nonlinear transformations
of delayed state variable. In this paper, a secure communication
model is proposed based on synchronization of coupled multidelay
feedback systems, in which the plain signal is mixed with a complex
signal at the transmitter side and it is precisely retrieved at the receiver
side. The effectiveness of the proposed model is demonstrated and
verified in the specific example, where the message signal is masked
directly by the complex signal and security is examined under the
breaking method of power spectrum analysis.
Abstract: Diffuse viral encephalitis may lack fever and other cardinal signs of infection and hence its distinction from other acute encephalopathic illnesses is challenging. Often, the EEG changes seen routinely are nonspecific and reflect diffuse encephalopathic changes only. The aim of this study was to use nonlinear dynamic mathematical techniques for analyzing the EEG data in order to look for any characteristic diagnostic patterns in diffuse forms of encephalitis.It was diagnosed on clinical, imaging and cerebrospinal fluid criteria in three young male patients. Metabolic and toxic encephalopathies were ruled out through appropriate investigations. Digital EEGs were done on the 3rd to 5th day of onset. The digital EEGs of 5 male and 5 female age and sex matched healthy volunteers served as controls.Two sample t-test indicated that there was no statistically significant difference between the average values in amplitude between the two groups. However, the standard deviation (or variance) of the EEG signals at FP1-F7 and FP2-F8 are significantly higher for the patients than the normal subjects. The regularisation dimension is significantly less for the patients (average between 1.24-1.43) when compared to the normal persons (average between 1.41-1.63) for the EEG signals from all locations except for the Fz-Cz signal. Similarly the wavelet dimension is significantly less (P = 0.05*) for the patients (1.122) when compared to the normal person (1.458). EEGs are subdued in the case of the patients with presence of uniform patterns, manifested in the values of regularisation and wavelet dimensions, when compared to the normal person, indicating a decrease in chaotic nature.
Abstract: Wind turbines with double output induction
generators can operate at variable speed permitting conversion
efficiency maximization over a wide range of wind velocities. This
paper presents the performance analysis of a wind driven double
output induction generator (DOIG) operating at varying shafts speed.
A periodic transient state analysis of DOIG equipped with two
converters is carried out using a hybrid induction machine model.
This paper simulates the harmonic content of waveforms in various
points of drive at different speeds, based on the hybrid model
(dqabc). Then the sinusoidal and trapezoidal pulse-width–modulation
control techniques are used in order to improve the power factor of
the machine and to weaken the injected low order harmonics to the
supply. Based on the frequency spectrum, total harmonics distortion,
distortion factor and power factor. Finally advantages of sinusoidal
and trapezoidal pulse width modulation techniques are compared.
Abstract: In this paper, an adaptive radio resource allocation
(RRA) algorithm applying to multiple traffic OFDMA system is
proposed, which distributes sub-carrier and loading bits among users
according to their different QoS requirements and traffic class. By
classifying and prioritizing the users based on their traffic
characteristic and ensuring resource for higher priority users, the
scheme decreases tremendously the outage probability of the users
requiring a real time transmission without impact on the spectrum
efficiency of system, as well as the outage probability of data users is
not increased compared with the RRA methods published.
Abstract: Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopic imaging
is an emerging technique that provides both chemically and
spatially resolved information. The rich chemical content of data
may be utilized for computer-aided determinations of structure and
pathologic state (cancer diagnosis) in histological tissue sections for
prostate cancer. FT-IR spectroscopic imaging of prostate tissue has
shown that tissue type (histological) classification can be performed to
a high degree of accuracy [1] and cancer diagnosis can be performed
with an accuracy of about 80% [2] on a microscopic (≈ 6μm)
length scale. In performing these analyses, it has been observed
that there is large variability (more than 60%) between spectra from
different points on tissue that is expected to consist of the same
essential chemical constituents. Spectra at the edges of tissues are
characteristically and consistently different from chemically similar
tissue in the middle of the same sample. Here, we explain these
differences using a rigorous electromagnetic model for light-sample
interaction. Spectra from FT-IR spectroscopic imaging of chemically
heterogeneous samples are different from bulk spectra of individual
chemical constituents of the sample. This is because spectra not
only depend on chemistry, but also on the shape of the sample.
Using coupled wave analysis, we characterize and quantify the nature
of spectral distortions at the edges of tissues. Furthermore, we
present a method of performing histological classification of tissue
samples. Since the mid-infrared spectrum is typically assumed to
be a quantitative measure of chemical composition, classification
results can vary widely due to spectral distortions. However, we
demonstrate that the selection of localized metrics based on chemical
information can make our data robust to the spectral distortions
caused by scattering at the tissue boundary.
Abstract: A general stochastic spatial MIMO channel model is
proposed for evaluating various MIMO techniques in this paper. It can
generate MIMO channels complying with various MIMO
configurations such as smart antenna, spatial diversity and spatial
multiplexing. The modeling method produces the stochastic fading
involving delay spread, Doppler spread, DOA (direction of arrival),
AS (angle spread), PAS (power azimuth Spectrum) of the scatterers,
antenna spacing and the wavelength. It can be applied in various
MIMO technique researches flexibly with low computing complexity.
Abstract: A complete spectral representation for the
electromagnetic field of planar multilayered waveguides
inhomogeneously filled with omega media is presented. The problem
of guided electromagnetic propagation is reduced to an eigenvalue
equation related to a 2 ´ 2 matrix differential operator. Using the
concept of adjoint waveguide, general bi-orthogonality relations for
the hybrid modes (either from the discrete or from the continuous
spectrum) are derived. For the special case of homogeneous layers
the linear operator formalism is reduced to a simple 2 ´ 2 coupling
matrix eigenvalue problem. Finally, as an example of application, the
surface and the radiation modes of a grounded omega slab waveguide
are analyzed.
Abstract: Recently, as information industry and mobile
communication technology are developing, this study is conducted on
the new concept of intelligent structures and maintenance techniques
that applied wireless sensor network, USN (Ubiquitous Sensor
Network), to social infrastructures such as civil and architectural
structures on the basis of the concept of Ubiquitous Computing that
invisibly provides human life with computing, along with mutually
cooperating, compromising and connecting networks each other by
having computers within all objects around us.
Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the capability
of wireless communication of sensor node embedded in reinforced
concrete structure with a basic experiment on an electric wave
permeability of sensor node by fabricating molding with variables of
concrete thickness and steel bars that are mostly used in constructing
structures to determine the feasibility of application to constructing
structures with USN.
At this time, with putting the pitches of steel bars, the thickness of
concrete placed, and the intensity of RF signal of a
transmitter-receiver as variables and when wireless communication
module was installed inside, the possible communication distance of
plain concrete and the possible communication distance by the pitches
of steel bars was measured in the horizontal and vertical direction
respectively. Besides, for the precise measurement of diminution of an
electric wave, the magnitude of an electric wave in the range of used
frequencies was measured by using Spectrum Analyzer. The
phenomenon of diminution of an electric wave was numerically
analyzed and the effect of the length of wavelength of frequencies was
analyzed by the properties of a frequency band area.
As a result of studying the feasibility of an application to
constructing structures with wireless sensor, in case of plain concrete,
it shows 45cm for the depth of permeability and in case of reinforced
concrete with the pitches of 5cm, it shows 37cm and 45cm for the
pitches of 15cm.
Abstract: Fourty one strains of ESBL producing P.aeruginosa
which were previously isolated from burn patients in Kerman
University general hospital, Iran were subjected to PCR, RFLP and
sequencing in order to determine the type of extended spectrum β-
lactamases (ESBL), the restriction digestion pattern and possibility of
mutation among detected genes. DNA extraction was carried out by
phenol chloroform method. PCR for detection of bla genes was
performed using specific primer for each gene. Restriction Fragment
Length Polymorphism (RFLP) for ESBL genes was carried out using
EcoRI, NheI, PVUII, EcoRV, DdeI, and PstI restriction enzymes. The
PCR products were subjected to direct sequencing of both the strands
for identification of the ESBL genes.The blaCTX-M, blaVEB-1, blaPER-1,
blaGES-1, blaOXA-1, blaOXA-4 and blaOXA-10 genes were detected in the
(n=1) 2.43%, (n=41)100%, (n=28) 68.3%, (n=10) 24.4%, (n=29)
70.7%, (n=7)17.1% and (n=38) 92.7% of the ESBL producing isolates
respectively. The RFLP analysis showed that each ESBL gene has
identical pattern of digestion among the isolated strains. Sequencing
of the ESBL genes confirmed the genuinety of PCR products and
revealed no mutation in the restriction sites of the above genes. From
results of the present investigation it can be concluded that blaVEB-1
and blaCTX-M were the most and the least frequently isolated ESBL
genes among the P.aeruginosa strains isolated from burn patients. The
RFLP and sequencing analysis revealed that same clone of the bla
genes were indeed existed among the antibiotic resistant strains.