Abstract: Measuring semantic similarity between texts is calculating semantic relatedness between texts using various techniques. Our web application (Measuring Relatedness of Concepts-MRC) allows user to input two text corpuses and get semantic similarity percentage between both using WordNet. Our application goes through five stages for the computation of semantic relatedness. Those stages are: Preprocessing (extracts keywords from content), Feature Extraction (classification of words into Parts-of-Speech), Synonyms Extraction (retrieves synonyms against each keyword), Measuring Similarity (using keywords and synonyms, similarity is measured) and Visualization (graphical representation of similarity measure). Hence the user can measure similarity on basis of features as well. The end result is a percentage score and the word(s) which form the basis of similarity between both texts with use of different tools on same platform. In future work we look forward for a Web as a live corpus application that provides a simpler and user friendly tool to compare documents and extract useful information.
Abstract: Measuring semantic similarity between texts is calculating semantic relatedness between texts using various techniques. Our web application (Measuring Relatedness of Concepts-MRC) allows user to input two text corpuses and get semantic similarity percentage between both using WordNet. Our application goes through five stages for the computation of semantic relatedness. Those stages are: Preprocessing (extracts keywords from content), Feature Extraction (classification of words into Parts-of-Speech), Synonyms Extraction (retrieves synonyms against each keyword), Measuring Similarity (using keywords and synonyms, similarity is measured) and Visualization (graphical representation of similarity measure). Hence the user can measure similarity on basis of features as well. The end result is a percentage score and the word(s) which form the basis of similarity between both texts with use of different tools on same platform. In future work we look forward for a Web as a live corpus application that provides a simpler and user friendly tool to compare documents and extract useful information.
Abstract: Solar thermal cooling system was installed on Mechanical Research Center (MRC) Building that is located in Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia. It is the first cooling system in Indonesia that utilizes solar energy as energy input combined with natural gas; therefore, the control system must be appropriated with the climates. In order to stabilize the cooling capacity and also to maximize the use of solar energy, the system applies some controllers. Constant flow rate and on/off controller are applied for the hot water, chilled water and cooling water pumps. The hot water circulated by pump when the solar radiation is over than 400W/m2, and the chilled water is continually circulated by pump and its temperature is kept constant 7 °C by absorption chiller. The cooling water is also continually circulated until the outlet temperature of cooling tower below than 27 oC. Furthermore, the three-way valve is used to control the hot water for generate vapor on absorption chiller. The system performance using that control system is shown in this study results.
Abstract: Ancillary services are support services which are
essential for humanizing and enhancing the reliability and security of
the electric power system. Reactive power ancillary service is one of
the important ancillary services in a restructured electricity market
which determines the cost of supplying ancillary services and finding
of how this cost would change with respect to operating decisions.
This paper presents a new formation that can be used to minimize the
Independent System Operator (ISO)’s total payment for reactive
power ancillary service. The modified power flow tracing algorithm
estimates the availability of reserve reactive power for ancillary
service. In order to find optimum reactive power dispatch,
Biogeography based optimization method (BPO) is proposed. Market
Reactive Clearing Price (MRCP) is then estimated and it encourages
generator companies (GENCOs) to participate in an ancillary service.
Finally, optimal weighting factor and real time utilization factor of
reactive power give the minimum ISO’s total payment. The
effectiveness of proposed design is verified using IEEE 30 bus
system.
Abstract: The integration of wide variety of communication services is made possible with invention of 3G technology. Code Division Multiple Access 2000 operates on various RF channel bandwidths 1.2288 or 3.6864 Mcps (1x or 3x systems). It is a 3G system which offers high bandwidth and wireless broadband services but its efficiency is lowered due to various factors like fading, interference, scattering, absorption etc. This paper investigates the effect of diversity (MRC), roll off factor in Root Raised Cosine (RRC) filter for the BPSK and QPSK modulation schemes. It is possible to transmit data with minimum Inter symbol Interference and within limited bandwidth with proper pulse shaping technique. Bit error rate (BER) performance is analyzed by applying diversity technique by varying the roll off factor for BPSK and QPSK. Roll off factor reduces the ISI and diversity reduces the Fading.
Abstract: At receiving high data rate in ultra wideband (UWB) technology for many users, there are multiple user interference and inter-symbol interference as obstacles in the multi-path reception technique. Since the rake receivers were designed to collect many resolvable paths, even more than hundred of paths. Rake receiver implementation structures have been proposed towards increasing the complexity for getting better performances in indoor or outdoor multi-path receivers by reducing the bit error rate (BER). So several rake structures were proposed in the past to reduce the number of combining and estimating of resolvable paths. To this aim, we suggested two improved rake receivers based on signal sign separation in the maximal ratio combiner (MRC), called positive-negative MRC selective rake (P-N/MRC-S-rake) and positive-negative MRC partial rake (P-N/MRC-S-rake) receivers. These receivers were introduced to reduce the complexity with less number of fingers and improving the performance with low BER. Before decision circuit, there is a comparator to compare between positive quantity and negative quantity to decide whether the transmitted bit is 1 or 0. The BER was driven by MATLAB simulation with multi-path environments for impulse radio time-hopping binary phase shift keying (TH-BPSK) modulation and the results were compared with those of conventional rake receivers.
Abstract: Along with the progress of our information society,
various risks are becoming increasingly common, causing multiple social problems. For this reason, risk communications for
establishing consensus among stakeholders who have different
priorities have become important. However, it is not always easy for the decision makers to agree on measures to reduce risks based on
opposing concepts, such as security, privacy and cost. Therefore, we previously developed and proposed the “Multiple Risk Communicator" (MRC) with the following functions: (1) modeling
the support role of the risk specialist, (2) an optimization engine, and (3) displaying the computed results. In this paper, MRC program
version 1.0 is applied to the personal information leakage problem. The application process and validation of the results are discussed.
Abstract: In Croatia, the majority of cultured marine fish species are reared in net cages. The intensive production of the fish in net cages may generate the considerable amount of bio waste and change water quality especially in enclosed and semi-enclosed coastal areas. The aim of this paper is to assess the potential impact of sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.) cage farm on water quality. The weak relationship between food supply and water quality parameters (nutrient content and phytoplankton biomass) was found, but significant changes in oxygen saturation was observed in the cages during the warmer period of a year especially in the morning (occasionally it dropped below 70 %). Despite of, satisfactory results of water quality parameters, it is necessary to establish comprehensive monitoring process, especially to include quality assessment of fouling communities.
Abstract: Environmental responsibility includes improvement of environmental performance in order to reduce environmental impact. This paper gives a short review of some important environmental objectives, targets and actions that modern shipping company should follow.
Abstract: In this paper, the effect of transmission codes on the
performance of coherent square M-ary quadrature amplitude
modulation (CSMQAM) under hybrid selection/maximal-ratio
combining (H-S/MRC) diversity is analysed. The fading channels are
modeled as frequency non-selective slow independent and identically
distributed Rayleigh fading channels corrupted by additive white
Gaussian noise (AWGN). The results for coded MQAM are
computed numerically for the case of (24,12) extended Golay code
and compared with uncoded MQAM under H-S/MRC diversity by
plotting error probabilities versus average signal to noise ratio (SNR)
for various values L and N in order to examine the improvement in
the performance of the digital communications system as the number
of selected diversity branches is increased. The results for no
diversity, conventional SC and Lth order MRC schemes are also
plotted for comparison. Closed form analytical results derived in this
paper are sufficiently simple and therefore can be computed
numerically without any approximations. The analytical results
presented in this paper are expected to provide useful information
needed for design and analysis of digital communication systems
over wireless fading channels.
Abstract: In this paper, we study FPGA implementation of a
novel supra-optimal receiver diversity combining technique,
generalized maximal ratio combining (GMRC), for wireless
transmission over fading channels in SIMO systems. Prior
published results using ML-detected GMRC diversity signal
driven by BPSK showed superior bit error rate performance to
the widely used MRC combining scheme in an imperfect
channel estimation (ICE) environment. Under perfect channel
estimation conditions, the performance of GMRC and MRC
were identical. The main drawback of the GMRC study was
that it was theoretical, thus successful FPGA implementation
of it using pipeline techniques is needed as a wireless
communication test-bed for practical real-life situations.
Simulation results showed that the hardware implementation
was efficient both in terms of speed and area. Since diversity
combining is especially effective in small femto- and picocells,
internet-associated wireless peripheral systems are to
benefit most from GMRC. As a result, many spinoff
applications can be made to the hardware of IP-based 4th
generation networks.
Abstract: Performance of a dual maximal ratio combining
receiver has been analyzed for M-ary coherent and non-coherent
modulations over correlated Nakagami-m fading channels with nonidentical
and arbitrary fading parameter. The classical probability
density function (PDF) based approach is used for analysis.
Expressions for outage probability and average symbol error
performance for M-ary coherent and non-coherent modulations have
been obtained. The obtained results are verified against the special
case published results and found to be matching. The effect of the
unequal fading parameters, branch correlation and unequal input
average SNR on the receiver performance has been studied.
Abstract: Maximal Ratio Combining (MRC) is considered the most complex combining technique as it requires channel coefficients estimation. It results in the lowest bit error rate (BER) compared to all other combining techniques. However the BER starts to deteriorate as errors are introduced in the channel coefficients estimation. A novel combining technique, termed Generalized Maximal Ratio Combining (GMRC) with a polynomial kernel, yields an identical BER as MRC with perfect channel estimation and a lower BER in the presence of channel estimation errors. We show that GMRC outperforms the optimal MRC scheme in general and we hereinafter introduce it to the scientific community as a new “supraoptimal" algorithm. Since diversity combining is especially effective in small femto- and pico-cells, internet-associated wireless peripheral systems are to benefit most from GMRC. As a result, many spinoff applications can be made to IP-based 4th generation networks.
Abstract: Exact expressions for bit-error probability (BEP) for
coherent square detection of uncoded and coded M-ary quadrature
amplitude modulation (MQAM) using an array of antennas with
maximal ratio combining (MRC) in a flat fading channel interference
limited system in a Nakagami-m fading environment is derived. The
analysis assumes an arbitrary number of independent and identically
distributed Nakagami interferers. The results for coded MQAM are
computed numerically for the case of (24,12) extended Golay code
and compared with uncoded MQAM by plotting error probabilities
versus average signal-to-interference ratio (SIR) for various values of
order of diversity N, number of distinct symbols M, in order to
examine the effect of cochannel interferers on the performance of the
digital communication system. The diversity gains and net gains are
also presented in tabular form in order to examine the performance of
digital communication system in the presence of interferers, as the
order of diversity increases. The analytical results presented in this
paper are expected to provide useful information needed for design
and analysis of digital communication systems with space diversity
in wireless fading channels.
Abstract: Automatic face detection is a complex problem in
image processing. Many methods exist to solve this problem such as
template matching, Fisher Linear Discriminate, Neural Networks,
SVM, and MRC. Success has been achieved with each method to
varying degrees and complexities. In proposed algorithm we used
upright, frontal faces for single gray scale images with decent
resolution and under good lighting condition. In the field of face
recognition technique the single face is matched with single face
from the training dataset. The author proposed a neural network
based face detection algorithm from the photographs as well as if any
test data appears it check from the online scanned training dataset.
Experimental result shows that the algorithm detected up to 95%
accuracy for any image.
Abstract: The major problem that wireless communication
systems undergo is multipath fading caused by scattering of the
transmitted signal. However, we can treat multipath propagation as
multiple channels between the transmitter and receiver to improve
the signal-to-scattering-noise ratio. While using Single Input
Multiple Output (SIMO) systems, the diversity receivers extract
multiple signal branches or copies of the same signal received from
different channels and apply gain combining schemes such as Root
Mean Square Gain Combining (RMSGC). RMSGC asymptotically
yields an identical performance to that of the theoretically optimal
Maximum Ratio Combining (MRC) for values of mean Signal-to-
Noise-Ratio (SNR) above a certain threshold value without the need
for SNR estimation. This paper introduces an improvement of
RMSGC using two different issues. We found that post-detection and
de-noising the received signals improve the performance of RMSGC
and lower the threshold SNR.
Abstract: Texture classification is a trendy and a catchy
technology in the field of texture analysis. Textures, the repeated
patterns, have different frequency components along different
orientations. Our work is based on Texture Classification and its
applications. It finds its applications in various fields like Medical
Image Classification, Computer Vision, Remote Sensing,
Agricultural Field, and Textile Industry. Weed control has a major
effect on agriculture. A large amount of herbicide has been used for
controlling weeds in agriculture fields, lawns, golf courses, sport
fields, etc. Random spraying of herbicides does not meet the exact
requirement of the field. Certain areas in field have more weed
patches than estimated. So, we need a visual system that can
discriminate weeds from the field image which will reduce or even
eliminate the amount of herbicide used. This would allow farmers to
not use any herbicides or only apply them where they are needed. A
machine vision precision automated weed control system could
reduce the usage of chemicals in crop fields. In this paper, an
intelligent system for automatic weeding strategy Multi Resolution
Combined Statistical & spatial Frequency is used to discriminate the
weeds from the crops and to classify them as narrow, little and broad
weeds.
Abstract: Morgan-s refinement calculus (MRC) is one of the
well-known methods allowing the formality presented in the program
specification to be continued all the way to code. On the other hand,
Object-Z (OZ) is an extension of Z adding support for classes and
objects. There are a number of methods for obtaining code from OZ
specifications that can be categorized into refinement and animation
methods. As far as we know, only one refinement method exists
which refines OZ specifications into code. However, this method
does not have fine-grained refinement rules and thus cannot be
automated. On the other hand, existing animation methods do not
present mapping rules formally and do not support the mapping of
several important constructs of OZ, such as all cases of operation
expressions and most of constructs in global paragraph. In this paper,
with the aim of providing an automatic path from OZ specifications
to code, we propose an approach to map OZ specifications into their
counterparts in MRC in order to use fine-grained refinement rules of
MRC. In this way, having counterparts of our specifications in MRC,
we can refine them into code automatically using MRC tools such as
RED. Other advantages of our work pertain to proposing mapping
rules formally, supporting the mapping of all important constructs of
Object-Z, and considering dynamic instantiation of objects while OZ
itself does not cover this facility.