FPGA Implementation of Generalized Maximal Ratio Combining Receiver Diversity
In this paper, we study FPGA implementation of a
novel supra-optimal receiver diversity combining technique,
generalized maximal ratio combining (GMRC), for wireless
transmission over fading channels in SIMO systems. Prior
published results using ML-detected GMRC diversity signal
driven by BPSK showed superior bit error rate performance to
the widely used MRC combining scheme in an imperfect
channel estimation (ICE) environment. Under perfect channel
estimation conditions, the performance of GMRC and MRC
were identical. The main drawback of the GMRC study was
that it was theoretical, thus successful FPGA implementation
of it using pipeline techniques is needed as a wireless
communication test-bed for practical real-life situations.
Simulation results showed that the hardware implementation
was efficient both in terms of speed and area. Since diversity
combining is especially effective in small femto- and picocells,
internet-associated wireless peripheral systems are to
benefit most from GMRC. As a result, many spinoff
applications can be made to the hardware of IP-based 4th
generation networks.
[1] J. Daba, J. Dubois, R. Minkara, "Generalized Maximal Ratio Combining
as a Supra-optimal Receiver Diversity Scheme," ICCESSE 2010 -
International Conference on Computer, Electrical, and Systems Science,
and Engineering, Paris, France, July 2010.
[2] S. Brown and J. Rose, "Architecture of FPGAs and CPLDs: Tutorial,"
IEEE Design & Test of Comp., vol. 13(2), pp. 42-57, 96.
[3] http://www.fpga-faq.org/FPGA_Boards.shtml
[4] L. Bylanger, "Combining DSPs and FPGAs in Next-Generation
Multimode Wireless Handset Designs," DSP-FPGA.com Magazine,
May, 2007.
[5] J. Daba and M. Bell, "Statistics of the Scattering Cross Section of a
Small Number of Random Scatterers," IEEE Trans. on Antennas and
Propagation, August 1995.
[6] J. S. Daba and M. R. Bell, "Statistical Distributions of Partially
Developed Speckle Based on a Small Number of Constant Scatterers
with Random Phase," IEEE International Geoscience and Remote
Sensing Symposium, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA,
USA, August 8-12, 1994.
[7] A. Abdi, S. Nader-Esfahani, J. Daba and M. R. Bell, "Comments on
Statistics of the Scattering Cross Section of a Small Number of Random
Scatterers," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 48,
no. 5, pp. 844-845, May 2000.
[8] J. Dubois and P. Jreije, "Advanced Stochastic Models for Partially
Developed Speckle," 5th International Conference on Computer,
Electrical, and Systems Science, and Engineering (CESSE 2008),
organized by the World Congress on Science, Engineering, and
Technology, Vienna, Austria, August 2008.
[9] J. Dubois, "Poisson Modulated Stochastic Model for Partially
Developed Multi-Look Speckle," American Conference on Applied
Mathematics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA, March 2008.
[10] J. Dubois, "Scattering Statistics of Doppler Faded Acoustic Signals
Using Speckle Noise Models," IEEE International Conference on Direct
and Inverse Problems of Electromagnetic and Acoustic Wave Theory,
Lviv, Ukraine, Sept. 2003.
[11] J. Daba and M R. Bell, "Statistics of the Scattering Cross Section of a
Collection of Constant Amplitude Scatterers with Random Phase," West
Lafayette, IN, Purdue University, School of Electrical Engineering
Technical Report, TR-EE 94-25, July 1994.
[12] J. Daba and P. Jreije, "Probability Distributions for Multiplicative Noise
in Internet Associated Wireless Cells and in Speckled Images,"
Conference on Applied Mathematical Problems, Ukrainian
Mathematical Congress, Kiev, Ukraine, August, 2009.
[13] R. Ayoubi, J. Dubois and O. Abdul-latif, "FPGA Implementation of a
Novel Receiver Diversity Combining Technique," IEEE International
Conference on Signal Processing and Communications, Dubai, Nov.
2007.
[14] O. Abdul-Latif and J. Dubois, "LS-SVM Detector for RMSGC Diversity
in SIMO Channels," IEEE International Conference on Information
Sciences, Signal Processing and its Applications, Dubai, Feb. 2007.
[15] J. Dubois and O. Abdul-Latif, "Novel Diversity Combining in OFDMBased
MIMO Systems," American Conference on Applied Mathematics,
Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA, 2008.
[16] O. Abdul-Latif and J. Dubois, "Performance of UWB System in a
Partially Developed Fading Channel with CCI," 5th IEEE GCC
Communication and Signal Processing Conference, Kuwait, March
2009.
[17] J. P. Dubois, "Recent Advances in Wireless MIMO Sytems with
Improved Receiver Diversity Combiners," in Annual Review of
Communications: Volume 60, A. Sulluchuco, Editor, International
Engineering Consortium (IEC), Chicago, USA, ISBN: 978-1-931695-
59-6, pp. 513 - 527, 2007.
[18] J. Daba and P. Jreije, "A Novel Receiver Diversity Combining
Technique for Internet-Based 4G Wireless Communication", The 9th
International Conference on Signal Processing, Robotic and Automation
(ISPRA'10), University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom,
February, 2010.
[19] M. J. Gans, "The effect of Gaussian error in maximal ratio combiners,"
IEEE Transactions on Communication Technology, Vol. COM-19, pp.
492-500, Aug. 1971.
[20] Y. Zhu and E. Gunawan, "Performance of MC-CDMA system using
controlled MRC with power control in Rayleigh fading channel,"
Electronic Letters, Vol. 36, No. 8, pp. 752-753, April 2000.
[1] J. Daba, J. Dubois, R. Minkara, "Generalized Maximal Ratio Combining
as a Supra-optimal Receiver Diversity Scheme," ICCESSE 2010 -
International Conference on Computer, Electrical, and Systems Science,
and Engineering, Paris, France, July 2010.
[2] S. Brown and J. Rose, "Architecture of FPGAs and CPLDs: Tutorial,"
IEEE Design & Test of Comp., vol. 13(2), pp. 42-57, 96.
[3] http://www.fpga-faq.org/FPGA_Boards.shtml
[4] L. Bylanger, "Combining DSPs and FPGAs in Next-Generation
Multimode Wireless Handset Designs," DSP-FPGA.com Magazine,
May, 2007.
[5] J. Daba and M. Bell, "Statistics of the Scattering Cross Section of a
Small Number of Random Scatterers," IEEE Trans. on Antennas and
Propagation, August 1995.
[6] J. S. Daba and M. R. Bell, "Statistical Distributions of Partially
Developed Speckle Based on a Small Number of Constant Scatterers
with Random Phase," IEEE International Geoscience and Remote
Sensing Symposium, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA,
USA, August 8-12, 1994.
[7] A. Abdi, S. Nader-Esfahani, J. Daba and M. R. Bell, "Comments on
Statistics of the Scattering Cross Section of a Small Number of Random
Scatterers," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 48,
no. 5, pp. 844-845, May 2000.
[8] J. Dubois and P. Jreije, "Advanced Stochastic Models for Partially
Developed Speckle," 5th International Conference on Computer,
Electrical, and Systems Science, and Engineering (CESSE 2008),
organized by the World Congress on Science, Engineering, and
Technology, Vienna, Austria, August 2008.
[9] J. Dubois, "Poisson Modulated Stochastic Model for Partially
Developed Multi-Look Speckle," American Conference on Applied
Mathematics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA, March 2008.
[10] J. Dubois, "Scattering Statistics of Doppler Faded Acoustic Signals
Using Speckle Noise Models," IEEE International Conference on Direct
and Inverse Problems of Electromagnetic and Acoustic Wave Theory,
Lviv, Ukraine, Sept. 2003.
[11] J. Daba and M R. Bell, "Statistics of the Scattering Cross Section of a
Collection of Constant Amplitude Scatterers with Random Phase," West
Lafayette, IN, Purdue University, School of Electrical Engineering
Technical Report, TR-EE 94-25, July 1994.
[12] J. Daba and P. Jreije, "Probability Distributions for Multiplicative Noise
in Internet Associated Wireless Cells and in Speckled Images,"
Conference on Applied Mathematical Problems, Ukrainian
Mathematical Congress, Kiev, Ukraine, August, 2009.
[13] R. Ayoubi, J. Dubois and O. Abdul-latif, "FPGA Implementation of a
Novel Receiver Diversity Combining Technique," IEEE International
Conference on Signal Processing and Communications, Dubai, Nov.
2007.
[14] O. Abdul-Latif and J. Dubois, "LS-SVM Detector for RMSGC Diversity
in SIMO Channels," IEEE International Conference on Information
Sciences, Signal Processing and its Applications, Dubai, Feb. 2007.
[15] J. Dubois and O. Abdul-Latif, "Novel Diversity Combining in OFDMBased
MIMO Systems," American Conference on Applied Mathematics,
Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA, 2008.
[16] O. Abdul-Latif and J. Dubois, "Performance of UWB System in a
Partially Developed Fading Channel with CCI," 5th IEEE GCC
Communication and Signal Processing Conference, Kuwait, March
2009.
[17] J. P. Dubois, "Recent Advances in Wireless MIMO Sytems with
Improved Receiver Diversity Combiners," in Annual Review of
Communications: Volume 60, A. Sulluchuco, Editor, International
Engineering Consortium (IEC), Chicago, USA, ISBN: 978-1-931695-
59-6, pp. 513 - 527, 2007.
[18] J. Daba and P. Jreije, "A Novel Receiver Diversity Combining
Technique for Internet-Based 4G Wireless Communication", The 9th
International Conference on Signal Processing, Robotic and Automation
(ISPRA'10), University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom,
February, 2010.
[19] M. J. Gans, "The effect of Gaussian error in maximal ratio combiners,"
IEEE Transactions on Communication Technology, Vol. COM-19, pp.
492-500, Aug. 1971.
[20] Y. Zhu and E. Gunawan, "Performance of MC-CDMA system using
controlled MRC with power control in Rayleigh fading channel,"
Electronic Letters, Vol. 36, No. 8, pp. 752-753, April 2000.
@article{"International Journal of Electrical, Electronic and Communication Sciences:60506", author = "Rafic Ayoubi and Jean-Pierre Dubois and Rania Minkara", title = "FPGA Implementation of Generalized Maximal Ratio Combining Receiver Diversity", abstract = "In this paper, we study FPGA implementation of a
novel supra-optimal receiver diversity combining technique,
generalized maximal ratio combining (GMRC), for wireless
transmission over fading channels in SIMO systems. Prior
published results using ML-detected GMRC diversity signal
driven by BPSK showed superior bit error rate performance to
the widely used MRC combining scheme in an imperfect
channel estimation (ICE) environment. Under perfect channel
estimation conditions, the performance of GMRC and MRC
were identical. The main drawback of the GMRC study was
that it was theoretical, thus successful FPGA implementation
of it using pipeline techniques is needed as a wireless
communication test-bed for practical real-life situations.
Simulation results showed that the hardware implementation
was efficient both in terms of speed and area. Since diversity
combining is especially effective in small femto- and picocells,
internet-associated wireless peripheral systems are to
benefit most from GMRC. As a result, many spinoff
applications can be made to the hardware of IP-based 4th
generation networks.", keywords = "Femto-internet cells, field-programmable gate array,generalized maximal-ratio combining, Lyapunov fractal dimension,pipelining technique, wireless SIMO channels.", volume = "4", number = "8", pages = "1232-5", }
