Power Flow Tracing Based Reactive Power Ancillary Service (AS) in Restructured Power Market
Ancillary services are support services which are
essential for humanizing and enhancing the reliability and security of
the electric power system. Reactive power ancillary service is one of
the important ancillary services in a restructured electricity market
which determines the cost of supplying ancillary services and finding
of how this cost would change with respect to operating decisions.
This paper presents a new formation that can be used to minimize the
Independent System Operator (ISO)’s total payment for reactive
power ancillary service. The modified power flow tracing algorithm
estimates the availability of reserve reactive power for ancillary
service. In order to find optimum reactive power dispatch,
Biogeography based optimization method (BPO) is proposed. Market
Reactive Clearing Price (MRCP) is then estimated and it encourages
generator companies (GENCOs) to participate in an ancillary service.
Finally, optimal weighting factor and real time utilization factor of
reactive power give the minimum ISO’s total payment. The
effectiveness of proposed design is verified using IEEE 30 bus
system.
[1] M. Shahidehpour, H. Yamina and Z. Li, “Market operations in electric
power systems,”Wiley: USA, 2002.
[2] FERC Staff Report, Principles for efficient and reliable reactive power
supply and consumption, 2005.
[3] K. Bhattacharya and J. Zhong, “Reactive power as an ancillary
service,” IEEE Trans on Power System , Vol.16, No.2, pp. 294-300,
May 2001.
[4] CERC (Central Electricity Regulatory Commission) staff paper,
“Introduction to Ancillary Services in Indian Electricity Market,” 2014.
[5] J. Horacio Tovar Hernandez, Miguel Jimenez-Guzman, Guillermo
Gutierrez-Alcaraz, “Ancillary reactive power service allocation cost in
deregulated markets: a methodology,”International Journal of Electrical
Power & Energy Systems, Vol.27, No.5–6,pp.371-378. June–July 2005.
[6] A. Kargarian, M. Raoofat and M. Mohammadi,“Reactive power
provision in electricity markets considering voltage stability and
transmission congestion,” Electric Power Components and Systems, Vol.
39, No.12, pp.1212-1216,Aug. 2011.
[7] J. Zhong and K. Bhattacharya, “Toward a competitive market for
reactive power,” IEEE Trans. Power Syst. Vol.17, No.4, pp .1206-1215,
Nov. 2002.
[8] A. Kumar, “Reactive Power and FACTS Cost Models Impact on Nodal
Pricing in Hybrid Electricity Markets,” Smart Grid and Renewable
Energy,Scientific Research, Vol.2 No.3, pp.230-244,Aug. 2011.
[9] Y. Dai,X.D. Liu, Y.X. Ni, F.S. Wen,Z.H. Han,C.M. Shen, F.F. Wu, A
cost allocation method for reactive power service based on power flow
tracing. Elect. Power Syst. Res.Vol. 64,pp.59-65,2003.
[10] El-Samahy,K.Bhattacharya,C.A.Canizares, “A unified framework for
reactive power management in Deregulated Electricity Markets ,”in
Proc. IEEE-Power Eng. Soc. Power Systems Conf. Expo.(PSCE),
Atlanta, GA,pp. 901 - 907 ,Nov. 2006.
[11] Daniel Kirschen and Goran Strbac, “Fundamentals of Power System
Economics,” John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2004.
[12] New York Independent System Operator, Ancillary Services Manual,
2008.
[13] California Independent System Operator Corporation. Ancillary services
requirement protocol, FERC electricity tariff, 2000.
[14] National Electricity Market Management Company,Guide to ancillary
services in the National Electricity Market, 2001.
[15] A. Tiwari and V. Ajarapu, “Reactive Power Cost Allocation Based on
Modified Power Flow Tracing Methodology,” IEEE Power Engineering
Society General Meeting, pp.1-7, June 2007.
[16] P.H. Chen and H.C. Chang, “Large-scale economic dispatch by genetic
algorithm,” IEEE Transactions on power system,Vol.15, No2, pp1919 –
1926, Nov 1995.
[17] C-T Su and C-T Lin,“New approach with a Hopfield modeling
framework to economic dispatch ,” IEEE Transactions on Power
Systems, Vol.15,No 2, pp541-545, May 2000.
[18] N. Sinha, R. Chakrabarti and P.K. Chattopadhyay, “Evolutionary
programming techniques for economic load dispatch,” IEEE
Transactions on Evolutionary Computation,Vol.7,No.1,pp 83-94, Feb.
2003.
[19] A. Abbasy and S.H. Hosseini, “Ant Colony Optimization-Based
Approach to Optimal Reactive Power Dispatch:A Comparison of
Various Ant Systems ,” IEEE Power Engineering Society Conference
and Exposition in Africa, Power Africa '07, pp.1-8,16-20 July 2007.
[20] D. Simon,“Biogeography-based optimization,” IEEE Transactions on
Evolutionary Computation,Vol.12,No.6,pp.702-713, Dec.2008.
[21] R. Gnanadass and M. Susithra, “Allocation and contribution of
reactive power for the practical utility system,” International Conference
on Recent Advancements in Electrical, Electronics and Control
Engineering (ICONRAEeCE),pp. 295 – 302, Nov 2011.
[22] Hadi Saadat., Power System Analysis,Tata McGraw Hill International
(UK) Limited, January 2002.
[1] M. Shahidehpour, H. Yamina and Z. Li, “Market operations in electric
power systems,”Wiley: USA, 2002.
[2] FERC Staff Report, Principles for efficient and reliable reactive power
supply and consumption, 2005.
[3] K. Bhattacharya and J. Zhong, “Reactive power as an ancillary
service,” IEEE Trans on Power System , Vol.16, No.2, pp. 294-300,
May 2001.
[4] CERC (Central Electricity Regulatory Commission) staff paper,
“Introduction to Ancillary Services in Indian Electricity Market,” 2014.
[5] J. Horacio Tovar Hernandez, Miguel Jimenez-Guzman, Guillermo
Gutierrez-Alcaraz, “Ancillary reactive power service allocation cost in
deregulated markets: a methodology,”International Journal of Electrical
Power & Energy Systems, Vol.27, No.5–6,pp.371-378. June–July 2005.
[6] A. Kargarian, M. Raoofat and M. Mohammadi,“Reactive power
provision in electricity markets considering voltage stability and
transmission congestion,” Electric Power Components and Systems, Vol.
39, No.12, pp.1212-1216,Aug. 2011.
[7] J. Zhong and K. Bhattacharya, “Toward a competitive market for
reactive power,” IEEE Trans. Power Syst. Vol.17, No.4, pp .1206-1215,
Nov. 2002.
[8] A. Kumar, “Reactive Power and FACTS Cost Models Impact on Nodal
Pricing in Hybrid Electricity Markets,” Smart Grid and Renewable
Energy,Scientific Research, Vol.2 No.3, pp.230-244,Aug. 2011.
[9] Y. Dai,X.D. Liu, Y.X. Ni, F.S. Wen,Z.H. Han,C.M. Shen, F.F. Wu, A
cost allocation method for reactive power service based on power flow
tracing. Elect. Power Syst. Res.Vol. 64,pp.59-65,2003.
[10] El-Samahy,K.Bhattacharya,C.A.Canizares, “A unified framework for
reactive power management in Deregulated Electricity Markets ,”in
Proc. IEEE-Power Eng. Soc. Power Systems Conf. Expo.(PSCE),
Atlanta, GA,pp. 901 - 907 ,Nov. 2006.
[11] Daniel Kirschen and Goran Strbac, “Fundamentals of Power System
Economics,” John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2004.
[12] New York Independent System Operator, Ancillary Services Manual,
2008.
[13] California Independent System Operator Corporation. Ancillary services
requirement protocol, FERC electricity tariff, 2000.
[14] National Electricity Market Management Company,Guide to ancillary
services in the National Electricity Market, 2001.
[15] A. Tiwari and V. Ajarapu, “Reactive Power Cost Allocation Based on
Modified Power Flow Tracing Methodology,” IEEE Power Engineering
Society General Meeting, pp.1-7, June 2007.
[16] P.H. Chen and H.C. Chang, “Large-scale economic dispatch by genetic
algorithm,” IEEE Transactions on power system,Vol.15, No2, pp1919 –
1926, Nov 1995.
[17] C-T Su and C-T Lin,“New approach with a Hopfield modeling
framework to economic dispatch ,” IEEE Transactions on Power
Systems, Vol.15,No 2, pp541-545, May 2000.
[18] N. Sinha, R. Chakrabarti and P.K. Chattopadhyay, “Evolutionary
programming techniques for economic load dispatch,” IEEE
Transactions on Evolutionary Computation,Vol.7,No.1,pp 83-94, Feb.
2003.
[19] A. Abbasy and S.H. Hosseini, “Ant Colony Optimization-Based
Approach to Optimal Reactive Power Dispatch:A Comparison of
Various Ant Systems ,” IEEE Power Engineering Society Conference
and Exposition in Africa, Power Africa '07, pp.1-8,16-20 July 2007.
[20] D. Simon,“Biogeography-based optimization,” IEEE Transactions on
Evolutionary Computation,Vol.12,No.6,pp.702-713, Dec.2008.
[21] R. Gnanadass and M. Susithra, “Allocation and contribution of
reactive power for the practical utility system,” International Conference
on Recent Advancements in Electrical, Electronics and Control
Engineering (ICONRAEeCE),pp. 295 – 302, Nov 2011.
[22] Hadi Saadat., Power System Analysis,Tata McGraw Hill International
(UK) Limited, January 2002.
@article{"International Journal of Electrical, Electronic and Communication Sciences:68328", author = "M. Susithra and R. Gnanadass", title = "Power Flow Tracing Based Reactive Power Ancillary Service (AS) in Restructured Power Market", abstract = "Ancillary services are support services which are
essential for humanizing and enhancing the reliability and security of
the electric power system. Reactive power ancillary service is one of
the important ancillary services in a restructured electricity market
which determines the cost of supplying ancillary services and finding
of how this cost would change with respect to operating decisions.
This paper presents a new formation that can be used to minimize the
Independent System Operator (ISO)’s total payment for reactive
power ancillary service. The modified power flow tracing algorithm
estimates the availability of reserve reactive power for ancillary
service. In order to find optimum reactive power dispatch,
Biogeography based optimization method (BPO) is proposed. Market
Reactive Clearing Price (MRCP) is then estimated and it encourages
generator companies (GENCOs) to participate in an ancillary service.
Finally, optimal weighting factor and real time utilization factor of
reactive power give the minimum ISO’s total payment. The
effectiveness of proposed design is verified using IEEE 30 bus
system.
", keywords = "Biogeography based optimization method, Power
flow tracing method, Reactive generation capability curve and
Reactive power ancillary service.", volume = "8", number = "10", pages = "1610-8", }
