Abstract: Driver fatigue is an important factor in the increasing
number of road accidents. Dynamic template matching method was
proposed to address the problem of real-time driver fatigue detection
system based on eye-tracking. An effective vision based approach
was used to analyze the driver’s eye state to detect fatigue. The driver
fatigue system consists of Face detection, Eye detection, Eye
tracking, and Fatigue detection. Initially frames are captured from a
color video in a car dashboard and transformed from RGB into YCbCr
color space to detect the driver’s face. Canny edge operator was used
to estimating the eye region and the locations of eyes are extracted.
The extracted eyes were considered as a template matching for eye
tracking. Edge Map Overlapping (EMO) and Edge Pixel Count
(EPC) matching function were used for eye tracking which is used to
improve the matching accuracy. The pixel of eyeball was tracked
from the eye regions which are used to determine the fatigue state of
the driver.
Abstract: This paper presents the results and findings from a
parametric study on the water surface elevation at upstream of bridge
constriction for subcritical flow. In this study, the influence of
Manning's Roughness Coefficient of main channel (nmc) and
floodplain (nfp), and bridge opening (b) flow rate (Q), contraction
(kcon) and expansion coefficients (kexp) were investigated on
backwater level. The DECK bridge models with different span widths
and without any pier were investigated within the two stage channel
having various roughness conditions. One of the most commonly
used commercial one-dimensional HEC-RAS model was used in this
parametric study. This study showed that the effects of main channel
roughness (nmc) and flow rate (Q) on the backwater level are much
higher than those of the floodplain roughness (nfp). Bridge opening
(b) with contraction (kcon) and expansion coefficients (kexp) have very
little effect on the backwater level within this range of parameters.
Abstract: Skin detection is an important task for computer
vision systems. A good method of skin detection means a good and
successful result of the system.
The colour is a good descriptor for image segmentation and
classification; it allows detecting skin colour in the images. The
lighting changes and the objects that have a colour similar than skin
colour make the operation of skin detection difficult.
In this paper, we proposed a method using the YCbCr colour space
for skin detection and lighting effects elimination, then we use the
information of texture to eliminate the false regions detected by the
YCbCr skin model.
Abstract: Human face has a fundamental role in the appearance
of individuals. So the importance of facial surgeries is undeniable.
Thus, there is a need for the appropriate and accurate facial skin
segmentation in order to extract different features. Since Fuzzy CMeans
(FCM) clustering algorithm doesn’t work appropriately for
noisy images and outliers, in this paper we exploit Possibilistic CMeans
(PCM) algorithm in order to segment the facial skin. For this
purpose, first, we convert facial images from RGB to YCbCr color
space. To evaluate performance of the proposed algorithm, the
database of Sahand University of Technology, Tabriz, Iran was used.
In order to have a better understanding from the proposed algorithm;
FCM and Expectation-Maximization (EM) algorithms are also used
for facial skin segmentation. The proposed method shows better
results than the other segmentation methods. Results include
misclassification error (0.032) and the region’s area error (0.045) for
the proposed algorithm.
Abstract: Highest yield of eugenol-rich fractions from Cinnamomum tamala (bay leaf) leaves were obtained by supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2), compared to hydro-distillation, organic solvents, liquid CO2 and subcritical CO2 extractions. Optimization of SC-CO2 extraction parameters was carried out to obtain an extract with maximum eugenol content. This was achieved using a sample size of 10g at 55°C, 512 bar after 60min at a flow rate of 25.0 cm3/sof gaseous CO2. This extract has the best combination of phytochemical properties such as phenolic content (1.77mg gallic acid/g dry bay leaf), reducing power (0.80mg BHT/g dry bay leaf), antioxidant activity (IC50 of 0.20mg/ml) and anti-inflammatory potency (IC50 of 1.89mg/ml). Identification of compounds in this extract was performed by GC-MS analysis and its antimicrobial potency was also evaluated. The MIC values against E. coli, P. aeruginosa and S. aureus were 0.5, 0.25 and 0.5mg/ml, respectively.
Abstract: Stegnography is a new way of secret
communication the most widely used mechanism on account
of its simplicity is the use of the least significant bit. We have
used the least significant bit (2 LSB and 4 LSB) substitution
method. Depending upon the characteristics of the individual
portions of cover image we decide whether to use 2 LSB or 4
LSB thus it is an adaptive stegnography technique. We used
one of the three channels to behave as indicator to indicate the
presence of hidden data in other two channels. The module
showed impressive results in terms of capacity to hide the
data. In proposed method, instead of using RGB color space
directly, YCbCr color space is used to make use of human
visual system characteristic.
Abstract: Skin color can provide a useful and robust cue
for human-related image analysis, such as face detection,
pornographic image filtering, hand detection and tracking,
people retrieval in databases and Internet, etc. The major
problem of such kinds of skin color detection algorithms is
that it is time consuming and hence cannot be applied to a real
time system. To overcome this problem, we introduce a new
fast technique for skin detection which can be applied in a real
time system. In this technique, instead of testing each image
pixel to label it as skin or non-skin (as in classic techniques),
we skip a set of pixels. The reason of the skipping process is
the high probability that neighbors of the skin color pixels are
also skin pixels, especially in adult images and vise versa. The
proposed method can rapidly detect skin and non-skin color
pixels, which in turn dramatically reduce the CPU time
required for the protection process. Since many fast detection
techniques are based on image resizing, we apply our
proposed pixel skipping technique with image resizing to
obtain better results. The performance evaluation of the
proposed skipping and hybrid techniques in terms of the
measured CPU time is presented. Experimental results
demonstrate that the proposed methods achieve better result
than the relevant classic method.
Abstract: The effect of magnetic field on germination
characteristics of two wheat Seeds has been studied under laboratory
conditions. Seeds were magnetically exposed to magnetic field
strengths, 125 or 250mT for different periods of time. Mean
germination time and the time required to obtain 10, 25, 50, 75 and
90%of seeds to germinate were calculated. The germination time for
each treatment were in general, higher than corresponding control
values, in the other word in treated seeds time required for mean seed
germination time increased nearly 3 hours in compared non treated
control seeds. T10 for doses D5, D6, D11 and D12 significantly higher
than the control values for both cultivars. Mean germination time
(MGT) in both cultivars significantly increased when the time of
seed exposed at magnetic field treatments increased , about 3 and 2
hour respectively for Omid and BCR cultivars.
Abstract: Trace element speciation of an integrated soil
amendment matrix was studied with a modified BCR sequential
extraction procedure. The analysis included pseudo-total
concentration determinations according to USEPA 3051A and
relevant physicochemical properties by standardized methods. Based
on the results, the soil amendment matrix possessed neutralization
capacity comparable to commercial fertilizers. Additionally, the
pseudo-total concentrations of all trace elements included in the
Finnish regulation for agricultural fertilizers were lower than the
respective statutory limit values. According to chemical speciation,
the lability of trace elements increased in the following order: Hg <
Cr < Co < Cu < As < Zn < Ni < Pb < Cd < V < Mo < Ba. The
validity of the BCR approach as a tool for chemical speciation was
confirmed by the additional acid digestion phase. Recovery of trace
elements during the procedure assured the validity of the approach
and indicated good quality of the analytical work.
Abstract: In this paper, we present an innovative scheme of
blindly extracting message bits from an image distorted by an attack.
Support Vector Machine (SVM) is used to nonlinearly classify the
bits of the embedded message. Traditionally, a hard decoder is used
with the assumption that the underlying modeling of the Discrete
Cosine Transform (DCT) coefficients does not appreciably change.
In case of an attack, the distribution of the image coefficients is
heavily altered. The distribution of the sufficient statistics at the
receiving end corresponding to the antipodal signals overlap and a
simple hard decoder fails to classify them properly. We are
considering message retrieval of antipodal signal as a binary
classification problem. Machine learning techniques like SVM is
used to retrieve the message, when certain specific class of attacks is
most probable. In order to validate SVM based decoding scheme, we
have taken Gaussian noise as a test case. We generate a data set using
125 images and 25 different keys. Polynomial kernel of SVM has
achieved 100 percent accuracy on test data.
Abstract: The interaction between wakes of bluff body and
airfoil have profound influences on system performance in many
industrial applications, e.g., turbo-machinery and cooling fan. The
present work investigates the effect of configuration include; airfoil-s
angle of attack, transverse and inline spacing of the models, on
frequency behavior of the cylinder-s near-wake. The experiments
carried on under subcritical flow regime, using the hot-wire
anemometry (HWA). The relationship between the Strouhal numbers
and arrangements provide an insight into the global physical
processes of wake interaction and vortex shedding.
Abstract: The purpose of this article is to study the effects of
plants cover on overland flow and, therefore, its influences on the
amount of eroded and transported soil. In this investigation, all the
experiments were conducted in the LEGHYD laboratory using a
rainfall simulator and a soil tray. The experiments were conducted
using an experimental plot (soil tray) which is 2m long, 0.5 m wide
and 0.15 m deep. The soil used is an agricultural sandy soil (62,08%
coarse sand, 19,14% fine sand, 11,57% silt and 7,21% clay). Plastic
rods (4 mm in diameter) were used to simulate the plants at different
densities: 0 stem/m2 (bared soil), 126 stems/m², 203 stems/m², 461
stems/m² and 2500 stems/m²). The used rainfall intensity is 73mm/h
and the soil tray slope is fixed to 3°. The results have shown that the
overland flow velocities decreased with increasing stems density, and
the density cover has a great effect on sediment concentration.
Darcy–Weisbach and Manning friction coefficients of overland flow
increased when the stems density increased. Froude and Reynolds
numbers decreased with increasing stems density and, consequently,
the flow regime of all treatments was laminar and subcritical. From
these findings, we conclude that increasing the plants cover can
efficiently reduce soil loss and avoid denuding the roots plants.
Abstract: In this study, three strains of Vibrio parahaemolyticus
(690, BCRC 13023 and BCRC 13025) were subjected to acid
adaptation at pH 5.5 for 90 min. The survival of acid-adapted and
non-adapted V. parahaemolyticus strains under simulated gastric
condition and their protein expression profiles were investigated.
Results showed that acid adaptation increased the survival of the test
V. parahaemolyticus strains after exposure to simulated gastric juice
(pH 3). Additionally, acid adaptation also affected the protein
expression in these V. parahaemolyticus strains. Nine proteins,
identified as atpA, atpB, DnaK, GroEL, OmpU, enolase,
fructose-bisphosphate aldolase, phosphoglycerate kinase and
triosephosphate isomerase, were induced by acid adaptation in two or
three of the test strains. These acid-adaptive proteins may play
important regulatory roles in the acid tolerance response (ATR) of V.
parahaemolyticus.
Abstract: Location selection is one of the most important
decision making process which requires to consider several criteria
based on the mission and the strategy. This study-s object is to
provide a decision support model in order to help the bank selecting
the most appropriate location for a bank-s branch considering a case
study in Turkey. The object of the bank is to select the most
appropriate city for opening a branch among six alternatives in the
South-Eastern of Turkey. The model in this study was consisted of
five main criteria which are Demographic, Socio-Economic, Sectoral
Employment, Banking and Trade Potential and twenty one subcriteria
which represent the bank-s mission and strategy. Because of
the multi-criteria structure of the problem and the fuzziness in the
comparisons of the criteria, fuzzy AHP is used and for the ranking of
the alternatives, TOPSIS method is used.
Abstract: Rambutan is a tropical fruit which peel possesses antioxidant properties. This work was conducted to optimize extraction conditions of phenolic compounds from rambutan peel. Response surface methodology (RSM) was adopted to optimize subcritical water extraction (SWE) on temperature, extraction time and percent solvent mixture. The results demonstrated that the optimum conditions for SWE were as follows: temperature 160°C, extraction time 20min. and concentration of 50% ethanol. Comparison of the phenolic compounds from the rambutan peels in maceration 6h, soxhlet 4h, and SWE 20min., it indicated that total phenolic content (using Folin-Ciocalteu-s phenol reagent) was 26.42, 70.29, and 172.47mg of tannic acid equivalent (TAE) per g dry rambutan peel, respectively. The comparative study concluded that SWE was a promising technique for phenolic compounds extraction from rambutan peel, due to much more two times of conventional techniques and shorter extraction times.
Abstract: Agriculture products are being more demanding in
market today. To increase its productivity, automation to produce
these products will be very helpful. The purpose of this work is to
measure and determine the ripeness and quality of watermelon. The
textures on watermelon skin will be captured using digital camera.
These images will be filtered using image processing technique. All
these information gathered will be trained using ANN to determine
the watermelon ripeness accuracy. Initial results showed that the best
model has produced percentage accuracy of 86.51%, when measured
at 32 hidden units with a balanced percentage rate of training dataset.
Abstract: It is important to give input information without other device in AR system. One solution is using hand for augmented reality application. Many researchers have proposed different solutions for hand interface in augmented reality. Analyze Histogram and connecting factor is can be example for that. Various Direction searching is one of robust way to recognition hand but it takes too much calculating time. And background should be distinguished with skin color. This paper proposes a hand tracking method to control the 3D object in augmented reality using depth device and skin color. Also in this work discussed relationship between several markers, which is based on relationship between camera and marker. One marker used for displaying virtual object and three markers for detecting hand gesture and manipulating the virtual object.
Abstract: The evaluation of unit cell neutronic parameters and
lifetime for some innovant reactors without on sit-refuling will be
held in this work. the behavior of some small and medium reactors
without on site refueling with triso and cermet fuel. For the FBNR
long life except we propose to change the enrichment of the Cermet
MFE to 9%. For the AFPR reactor we can see that the use of the
Cermet MFE can extend the life of this reactor but to maintain the
same life period for AFPR-SC we most use burnup poison to have the
same slope for Kinf (Burnup). PFPWR50 cell behaves almost in
same way using both fuels Cermet and TRISO. So we can conclude
that PFPWR50 reactor, with CERMET Fuel, is kept among the long
cycle reactors and with the new configuration we avoid subcriticality
at the beginning of cycle. The evaluation of unit cell neutronic
parameters reveals a good agreement with the goal of BWR-PB
concept. It is found out that the Triso fuel assembly lifetime can be
extended for a reasonably long period without being refueled,
approximately up to 48GWd/t burnup. Using coated particles fuels
with the Cermet composition can be more extended the fuel assembly
life time, approximately 52 GWd/t.
Abstract: When the results of the total element concentrations using USEPA method 3051A are compared to the sequential extraction analyses (i.e. the sum of fractions BCR1, BCR2 and BRC3), it can be calculated that the recovery values of elements varied between 56.8-% and 69.4-% in the bottom ash, and between 11.3-% and 70.9-% in the fly ash. This indicates that most of the elements in the ashes do not occur as readily soluble forms.
Abstract: The quality and shelf life of foods of containing lipids (fats and oils) significantly reduces due to rancidity.Applications of natural antioxidants are one of the most effective manners to prevent the oxidation of oils and lipids. The antioxidant properties of juice extracted from barberry fruit (Berberris vulgaris.L) using maceration and SWE (10 bars and 120 - 180°C) methods were investigated and compared with conventional method. The amount of phenolic compound and reduction power of all samples were determined and the data were statistically analyzed using multifactor design. The results showed that the total amount of phenolic compound increased with increasing of pressure and temprature from 1861.9 to 2439.1 (mg Gallic acid /100gr Dry matter). The ability of reduction power of SWE obtained antioxidant extract compared with BHA (synthetic antioxidant) and ascorbic acid (natural antioxidant). There were significant differences among reduction power of extracts and there were remarkable difference with BHA and Ascorbic acid (P