Release of Elements in Bottom Ash and Fly Ash from Incineration of Peat- and Wood-Residues using a Sequential Extraction Procedure
When the results of the total element concentrations using USEPA method 3051A are compared to the sequential extraction analyses (i.e. the sum of fractions BCR1, BCR2 and BRC3), it can be calculated that the recovery values of elements varied between 56.8-% and 69.4-% in the bottom ash, and between 11.3-% and 70.9-% in the fly ash. This indicates that most of the elements in the ashes do not occur as readily soluble forms.
[1] Y T. Lind, T. Valmari, E.I. Kauppinen, G. Sfiris, K. Nilsson, W. Maenhaut, " Volatization of the heavy metals during circulating
fluidized bed combustion of forest residue", Environ. Sci. Technol., vol. 33, pp. 496-xxx, 1999.
[2] I. Obernberger, F. Biedermam, W. Wildmann, R. Riedl, "Concentrations
of inorganic elements in biomass fuels and recovery in the difficult ash fractions", Biomass Bioenerg., vol. 12, pp. 211-224, 1997.
[3] C.I. Lin, T.Y. Yeh, "Heavy metals distribution characteristics in
different particle size of bottom ash after agglomeration/ defluidization at various fluidization parameters", Biomass Bioenerg., vol. 34, pp. 428-
437, 2010.
[4] A. Alborés, B. Cid, "Comparison between sequential extraction
procedures and single metal partitioning in sewage sludge samples",
Analyst, vol. 125, pp. 1353-1357, 2000.
[5] A.V. Filgueiras, I. Lavilla, C. Bendicho, "Chemical sequential extraction
for metal partitioning in environmental solid samples", J. Environ.
Monit., vol. 66, pp. 823-857, 2002.
[6] V. Bruder-Hubscher, F. Lagarde, M.J.F. Leroy, C. Coughanowr, F.
Enguehard, "Application of a sequential extraction procedure to study
the release of elements from municipal solid waste incineration bottom
ash", Anal. Chim. Acta, vol. 451, pp. 285-295, 2002.
[7] M. Pueyo, G. Rauret, D. Lūck, M. Yli-Halla, H. Muntau, Ph.
Quevanviller, J.F. López-Sánchez, "Certification of the extractable
contents of Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn in a freshwater sediment
following a collaboratively tested and optimized three-step sequential
extraction procedure", J. Environ. Monit., vol. 3, pp. 243-250, 2001.
[8] T.G. Kazi, M.K. Jamali, G.H. Kazi, M.B. Arain, H.I. Afridi, A. Siddiqui,
"Evaluating the mobility of toxic metals in untreated industrial
wastewater sludge using a BCR sequential extraction procedure and a
leaching test", Anal. Bioanal. Chem., vol. 383, pp. 297-304, 2005.
[9] K. Manskinen, R. Pöykiö, H. Nurmesniemi, "Comparison of the total and fractionated heavy metal and sulphur concentrations in bottom ash
and fly ash from a large-sized (120) power plant of a fluting board mill,
Chemija, vol. 22, pp. 46-55, 2011.
[10] R. Pöykiö, K. Manskinen, H. Nurmesniemi, O. Dahl, "Comparison of
trace elements in bottom ash and fly ash from a large-sized (77 MW) multi-fuel boiler at the power plant of a fluting board mill, Finland, Energ. Explor. Exploit., vol. 29, pp. 217-234, 2011.
[11] C. Yafa, J.G. Farmer, "A comparative study of acid-extractable and total
digestion method for the determination of inorganic elements in peat
material by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry",
Anal. Chim. Acta., vol. 557, pp. 296-302, 2006.
[12] D.S. Kosson, H.A. Van Der Sloot, F. Sanchez, A.C. Garrabrants, "An integrated framework for evaluating leaching in waste management and utilization of secondary materials", Environ. Eng. Sci., vol. 19, pp. 159-204, 2002.
[13] K. Manskinen, H. Nurmesniemi, R. Pöykiö, O. Dahl, "Comparison of
the fertilizer properties of bottom ash and fly ash from the 120 MW
power plant of a fluting board mill incinerating different fuel mixtures", J. Int. Environ. Appl. Sci., vol. 5, pp. 526-537, 2010.
[14] D. Vamvuka, E. Kakaras, "Ash properties and environmental impact of
various biomass and coal fuels and their blends", Fuel Process. Technol.,
vol. 92, pp. 570-581, 2011.
[15] B.M. Steenari, O. Lindqvist, "Fly ash characteristics in co-combustion of wood with coal, oil or peat", Fuel, vol. 78, pp. 479-488, 1999.
[16] G.S. Humphreys, D.M. Raven, R.J. Field, "Wood-ash stone in Amgophora costata (Gaertn.) J. Britt. following Sydney bushfires", Aust. For., vol. 67, pp. 39-43, 2004.
[17] B.M. Steenari, O. Lindqvist, "Stabilisation of biofuel ashes for recycling
to forest soil", Biomass Bioenerg., vol. 13, pp. 39-50, 1997.
[18] A. Demirbas, "Heavy metal contents of fly ashes from selected biomass
samples", Energy Sources, vol. 27, pp. 1269-1276, 2005.
[19] U.M. Mroueh, E. M├ñkel├ñ, M. Wahlström, J. Kauppila, J. Sorvari, P. Heikkinen, R. Salminen, M. Juvankoski, M. Tammirinne, "By-products
in earth construction. Assessment of acceptability", National Technology Agency, Technology Reviewers 96/2000, pp. 39, 2000.
[20] A. Das, M Chakroborty, M. Ververa, M. de la Guardia, "Metal speciation in solid matrices", Talanta, vol. 42, pp. 1007-1030, 1995.
[21] B. Ludwig, P. Khannan, J. Prenzel, F. Beese, "Heavy metal release from
different ashes during serial tests using water and acid", Waste Manage., vol. 25, p. 1055-1066, 2005.
[22] E. Margui, V. Salvad├│, I. Queralt, M. Hidalgo, "Comparison of threestage
sequential extraction and toxicity characteristics leaching test to
evaluate metal mobility in mining wastes", Anal. Chim. Acta., vol. 524, pp. 151-159, 2004.
[23] A.M. González, R.M. Barnes, "Comparison of microwave-assisted
extraction and waste extraction test (WET) preparation for inductively
coupled plasma spectroscopy analyses of waste samples", Anal. Bioanal.
Chem., vol. 374, pp. 255-261, 2002.
[24] T. Townsend, T. Tolaymat, H. Solo-Gabriele, B. Dubey, K. Stook, L.
Wadanambi, "Leaching of CCA-treated wood: implications for waste
disposal", J. Hazard. Mater., vol. B114, pp. 75-91, 2004.
[25] K. Vaajasaari, “Leaching and ecotoxicity tests as methods for
classification and assessment of environmental hazard of solid wastes”.
Doctoral Thesis, Tampere University of Technology, Tampere, Finland,
pp. 13, 2005.
[26] B.M. Svensson, L. Mårtensson, L. Mathiasson, L. Eskilsson,
“Leachability testing of metallic wastes”, Waste Manage. Res., vol. 23,
pp. 457-467, 2005.
[27] G. Rauret, “Extraction procedures for the determination of heavy metals
in contaminated soil and sediment”, Talanta, vol. 46, pp. 449-455, 1998.
[28] Y.Y. Long, L.F. Hu, C.R. Fang, Y.Y. Wu, D.S. Shen, “An evaluation of
the modified BCR sequential extraction procedure to assess the potential
mobility of copper and zinc in MSW”, Microchem. J., vol. 91, pp. 1-5,
2009.
[29] J. Arunachalam, H. Emos, B. Krasnodebska, C. Mohl, “Sequential
extraction studies on homogenized forest soil samples”, Sci. Total
Environ., vol. 181, pp. 147-159, 1996.
[30] P. Smichowski, G. Polla, D. Gómez, “Metal fractionation of atmospheric
aerosols via sequential chemical extraction: a review,” Anal. Bioanal.
Chem., vol. 381, pp. 302-316, 2005.
[1] Y T. Lind, T. Valmari, E.I. Kauppinen, G. Sfiris, K. Nilsson, W. Maenhaut, " Volatization of the heavy metals during circulating
fluidized bed combustion of forest residue", Environ. Sci. Technol., vol. 33, pp. 496-xxx, 1999.
[2] I. Obernberger, F. Biedermam, W. Wildmann, R. Riedl, "Concentrations
of inorganic elements in biomass fuels and recovery in the difficult ash fractions", Biomass Bioenerg., vol. 12, pp. 211-224, 1997.
[3] C.I. Lin, T.Y. Yeh, "Heavy metals distribution characteristics in
different particle size of bottom ash after agglomeration/ defluidization at various fluidization parameters", Biomass Bioenerg., vol. 34, pp. 428-
437, 2010.
[4] A. Alborés, B. Cid, "Comparison between sequential extraction
procedures and single metal partitioning in sewage sludge samples",
Analyst, vol. 125, pp. 1353-1357, 2000.
[5] A.V. Filgueiras, I. Lavilla, C. Bendicho, "Chemical sequential extraction
for metal partitioning in environmental solid samples", J. Environ.
Monit., vol. 66, pp. 823-857, 2002.
[6] V. Bruder-Hubscher, F. Lagarde, M.J.F. Leroy, C. Coughanowr, F.
Enguehard, "Application of a sequential extraction procedure to study
the release of elements from municipal solid waste incineration bottom
ash", Anal. Chim. Acta, vol. 451, pp. 285-295, 2002.
[7] M. Pueyo, G. Rauret, D. Lūck, M. Yli-Halla, H. Muntau, Ph.
Quevanviller, J.F. López-Sánchez, "Certification of the extractable
contents of Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn in a freshwater sediment
following a collaboratively tested and optimized three-step sequential
extraction procedure", J. Environ. Monit., vol. 3, pp. 243-250, 2001.
[8] T.G. Kazi, M.K. Jamali, G.H. Kazi, M.B. Arain, H.I. Afridi, A. Siddiqui,
"Evaluating the mobility of toxic metals in untreated industrial
wastewater sludge using a BCR sequential extraction procedure and a
leaching test", Anal. Bioanal. Chem., vol. 383, pp. 297-304, 2005.
[9] K. Manskinen, R. Pöykiö, H. Nurmesniemi, "Comparison of the total and fractionated heavy metal and sulphur concentrations in bottom ash
and fly ash from a large-sized (120) power plant of a fluting board mill,
Chemija, vol. 22, pp. 46-55, 2011.
[10] R. Pöykiö, K. Manskinen, H. Nurmesniemi, O. Dahl, "Comparison of
trace elements in bottom ash and fly ash from a large-sized (77 MW) multi-fuel boiler at the power plant of a fluting board mill, Finland, Energ. Explor. Exploit., vol. 29, pp. 217-234, 2011.
[11] C. Yafa, J.G. Farmer, "A comparative study of acid-extractable and total
digestion method for the determination of inorganic elements in peat
material by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry",
Anal. Chim. Acta., vol. 557, pp. 296-302, 2006.
[12] D.S. Kosson, H.A. Van Der Sloot, F. Sanchez, A.C. Garrabrants, "An integrated framework for evaluating leaching in waste management and utilization of secondary materials", Environ. Eng. Sci., vol. 19, pp. 159-204, 2002.
[13] K. Manskinen, H. Nurmesniemi, R. Pöykiö, O. Dahl, "Comparison of
the fertilizer properties of bottom ash and fly ash from the 120 MW
power plant of a fluting board mill incinerating different fuel mixtures", J. Int. Environ. Appl. Sci., vol. 5, pp. 526-537, 2010.
[14] D. Vamvuka, E. Kakaras, "Ash properties and environmental impact of
various biomass and coal fuels and their blends", Fuel Process. Technol.,
vol. 92, pp. 570-581, 2011.
[15] B.M. Steenari, O. Lindqvist, "Fly ash characteristics in co-combustion of wood with coal, oil or peat", Fuel, vol. 78, pp. 479-488, 1999.
[16] G.S. Humphreys, D.M. Raven, R.J. Field, "Wood-ash stone in Amgophora costata (Gaertn.) J. Britt. following Sydney bushfires", Aust. For., vol. 67, pp. 39-43, 2004.
[17] B.M. Steenari, O. Lindqvist, "Stabilisation of biofuel ashes for recycling
to forest soil", Biomass Bioenerg., vol. 13, pp. 39-50, 1997.
[18] A. Demirbas, "Heavy metal contents of fly ashes from selected biomass
samples", Energy Sources, vol. 27, pp. 1269-1276, 2005.
[19] U.M. Mroueh, E. M├ñkel├ñ, M. Wahlström, J. Kauppila, J. Sorvari, P. Heikkinen, R. Salminen, M. Juvankoski, M. Tammirinne, "By-products
in earth construction. Assessment of acceptability", National Technology Agency, Technology Reviewers 96/2000, pp. 39, 2000.
[20] A. Das, M Chakroborty, M. Ververa, M. de la Guardia, "Metal speciation in solid matrices", Talanta, vol. 42, pp. 1007-1030, 1995.
[21] B. Ludwig, P. Khannan, J. Prenzel, F. Beese, "Heavy metal release from
different ashes during serial tests using water and acid", Waste Manage., vol. 25, p. 1055-1066, 2005.
[22] E. Margui, V. Salvad├│, I. Queralt, M. Hidalgo, "Comparison of threestage
sequential extraction and toxicity characteristics leaching test to
evaluate metal mobility in mining wastes", Anal. Chim. Acta., vol. 524, pp. 151-159, 2004.
[23] A.M. González, R.M. Barnes, "Comparison of microwave-assisted
extraction and waste extraction test (WET) preparation for inductively
coupled plasma spectroscopy analyses of waste samples", Anal. Bioanal.
Chem., vol. 374, pp. 255-261, 2002.
[24] T. Townsend, T. Tolaymat, H. Solo-Gabriele, B. Dubey, K. Stook, L.
Wadanambi, "Leaching of CCA-treated wood: implications for waste
disposal", J. Hazard. Mater., vol. B114, pp. 75-91, 2004.
[25] K. Vaajasaari, “Leaching and ecotoxicity tests as methods for
classification and assessment of environmental hazard of solid wastes”.
Doctoral Thesis, Tampere University of Technology, Tampere, Finland,
pp. 13, 2005.
[26] B.M. Svensson, L. Mårtensson, L. Mathiasson, L. Eskilsson,
“Leachability testing of metallic wastes”, Waste Manage. Res., vol. 23,
pp. 457-467, 2005.
[27] G. Rauret, “Extraction procedures for the determination of heavy metals
in contaminated soil and sediment”, Talanta, vol. 46, pp. 449-455, 1998.
[28] Y.Y. Long, L.F. Hu, C.R. Fang, Y.Y. Wu, D.S. Shen, “An evaluation of
the modified BCR sequential extraction procedure to assess the potential
mobility of copper and zinc in MSW”, Microchem. J., vol. 91, pp. 1-5,
2009.
[29] J. Arunachalam, H. Emos, B. Krasnodebska, C. Mohl, “Sequential
extraction studies on homogenized forest soil samples”, Sci. Total
Environ., vol. 181, pp. 147-159, 1996.
[30] P. Smichowski, G. Polla, D. Gómez, “Metal fractionation of atmospheric
aerosols via sequential chemical extraction: a review,” Anal. Bioanal.
Chem., vol. 381, pp. 302-316, 2005.
@article{"International Journal of Chemical, Materials and Biomolecular Sciences:58481", author = "Risto Poykio and Kati Manskinen and Olli Dahl and Mikko Mäkelä and Hannu Nurmesniemi", title = "Release of Elements in Bottom Ash and Fly Ash from Incineration of Peat- and Wood-Residues using a Sequential Extraction Procedure", abstract = "When the results of the total element concentrations using USEPA method 3051A are compared to the sequential extraction analyses (i.e. the sum of fractions BCR1, BCR2 and BRC3), it can be calculated that the recovery values of elements varied between 56.8-% and 69.4-% in the bottom ash, and between 11.3-% and 70.9-% in the fly ash. This indicates that most of the elements in the ashes do not occur as readily soluble forms.
", keywords = "Ash, BCR, leaching, solubility, waste", volume = "5", number = "12", pages = "1115-5", }
