Abstract: Learning the gradient of neuron's activity function
like the weight of links causes a new specification which is
flexibility. In flexible neural networks because of supervising and
controlling the operation of neurons, all the burden of the learning is
not dedicated to the weight of links, therefore in each period of
learning of each neuron, in fact the gradient of their activity function,
cooperate in order to achieve the goal of learning thus the number of
learning will be decreased considerably.
Furthermore, learning neurons parameters immunes them against
changing in their inputs and factors which cause such changing.
Likewise initial selecting of weights, type of activity function,
selecting the initial gradient of activity function and selecting a fixed
amount which is multiplied by gradient of error to calculate the
weight changes and gradient of activity function, has a direct affect
in convergence of network for learning.
Abstract: We have investigated statistical properties of the defect turbulence in 1D CGLE wherein many body interaction is involved between local depressing wave (LDW) and local standing wave (LSW). It is shown that the counting number fluctuation of LDW is subject to the sub-Poisson statistics (SUBP). The physical origin of the SUBP can be ascribed to pair extinction of LDWs based on the master equation approach. It is also shown that the probability density function (pdf) of inter-LDW distance can be identified by the hyper gamma distribution. Assuming a superstatistics of the exponential distribution (Poisson configuration), a plausible explanation is given. It is shown further that the pdf of amplitude of LDW has a fattail. The underlying mechanism of its fluctuation is examined by introducing a generalized fractional Poisson configuration.
Abstract: A reconfigurable manufacturing system (RMS) is an
advanced system designed at the outset for rapid changes in its hardware
and software components in order to quickly adjust its production
capacity and functionally. Among various operational decisions, this
study considers the scheduling problem that determines the input
sequence and schedule at the same time for a given set of parts. In
particular, we consider the practical constraints that the numbers of
pallets/fixtures are limited and hence a part can be released into the
system only when the fixture required for the part is available. To
solve the integrated input sequencing and scheduling problems, we
suggest a priority rule based approach in which the two sub-problems
are solved using a combination of priority rules. To show the effectiveness
of various rule combinations, a simulation experiment was
done on the data for a real RMS, and the test results are reported.
Abstract: Absorption spectra of infra-red (IR) radiation of the
disperse water medium absorbing the most important greenhouse
gases: CO2 , N2O , CH4 , C2H2 , C2H6 have been calculated by
the molecular dynamics method. Loss of the absorbing ability at the
formation of clusters due to a reduction of the number of centers
interacting with IR radiation, results in an anti-greenhouse effect.
Absorption of O3 molecules by the (H2O)50 cluster is investigated
at its interaction with Cl- ions. The splitting of ozone molecule on
atoms near to cluster surface was observed. Interaction of water
cluster with Cl- ions causes the increase of integrated intensity of
emission spectra of IR radiation, and also essential reduction of the
similar characteristic of Raman spectrum. Relative integrated
intensity of absorption of IR radiation for small water clusters was
designed. Dependences of the quantity of weight on altitude for
vapor of monomers, clusters, droplets, crystals and mass of all
moisture were determined. The anti-greenhouse effect of clusters was
defined as the difference of increases of average global temperature
of the Earth, caused by absorption of IR radiation by free water
molecules forming clusters, and absorption of clusters themselves.
The greenhouse effect caused by clusters makes 0.53 K, and the antigreenhouse
one is equal to 1.14 K. The increase of concentration of
CO2 in the atmosphere does not always correlate with the
amplification of greenhouse effect.
Abstract: Signature amortization schemes have been introduced
for authenticating multicast streams, in which, a single signature is
amortized over several packets. The hash value of each packet is
computed, some hash values are appended to other packets, forming
what is known as hash chain. These schemes divide the stream into
blocks, each block is a number of packets, the signature packet in
these schemes is either the first or the last packet of the block.
Amortization schemes are efficient solutions in terms of computation
and communication overhead, specially in real-time environment.
The main effictive factor of amortization schemes is it-s hash chain
construction. Some studies show that signing the first packet of each
block reduces the receiver-s delay and prevents DoS attacks, other
studies show that signing the last packet reduces the sender-s delay.
To our knowledge, there is no studies that show which is better, to
sign the first or the last packet in terms of authentication probability
and resistance to packet loss.
In th is paper we will introduce another scheme for authenticating
multicast streams that is robust against packet loss, reduces the
overhead, and prevents the DoS attacks experienced by the receiver
in the same time. Our scheme-The Multiple Connected Chain signing
the First packet (MCF) is to append the hash values of specific
packets to other packets,then append some hashes to the signature
packet which is sent as the first packet in the block. This scheme
is aspecially efficient in terms of receiver-s delay. We discuss and
evaluate the performance of our proposed scheme against those that
sign the last packet of the block.
Abstract: This work presents a numerical simulation of the interaction of an incident shock wave propagates from the left to the right with a cone placed in a tube at shock. The Mathematical model is based on a non stationary, viscous and axisymmetric flow. The Discretization of the Navier-stokes equations is carried out by the finite volume method in the integral form along with the Flux Vector Splitting method of Van Leer. Here, adequate combination of time stepping parameter, CFL coefficient and mesh size level is selected to ensure numerical convergence. The numerical simulation considers a shock tube filled with air. The incident shock wave propagates to the right with a determined Mach number and crosses the cone by leaving behind it a stationary detached shock wave in front of the nose cone. This type of interaction is observed according to the time of flow.
Abstract: The residue number system (RNS) is popular in high performance computation applications because of its carry-free nature. The challenges of RNS systems design lie in the moduli set selection and in the reverse conversion from residue representation to weighted representation. In this paper, we proposed a fully parallel reverse conversion algorithm for the moduli set {rn - 2, rn - 1, rn}, based on simple mathematical relationships. Also an efficient hardware realization of this algorithm is presented. Our proposed converter is very faster and results to hardware savings, compared to the other reverse converters.
Abstract: Knowledge of food resource of the houbara which an
endangered species would be a important step toward the
preservation of this bird. Adequate study has not been done in this
field and therefore the food sources of the houbara during the
brooding season was studied in the central steppe of Iran. In order to
determine the density of insect in plant communities the pitfall trap
was used , positioned in five linear transects divided between plant
communities and in two repetitions. The results showed that the
among communities there was a significant difference in term of the
number beetles and ants ( p= 0.01, F2, 29= 4.66) collectively. Also
bush steppe habitat had a higher arthropoda density in comparison
with the shrub steppe habitat. Considering that most houbara nests
were found in the bush steppe habitat .It seems this habitat provides
the most available food supply for the houbara chicks.
Abstract: The present work involves measurements to examine
the effects of initial conditions on aerodynamic and acoustic
characteristics of a Jet at M=0.8 by changing the orientation of sharp
edged orifice plate. A thick plate with chamfered orifice presented divergent and convergent openings when it was flipped over. The centerline velocity was found to decay more rapidly for divergent
orifice and that was consistent with the enhanced mass entrainment
suggesting quicker spread of the jet compared with that from the convergent orifice. The mixing layer region elucidated this effect of
initial conditions at an early stage – the growth was found to be comparatively more pronounced for the divergent orifice resulting in
reduced potential core size. The acoustic measurements, carried out in the near field noise region outside the jet within potential core
length, showed the jet from the divergent orifice to be less noisy. The frequency spectra of the noise signal exhibited that in the initial
region of comparatively thin mixing layer for the convergent orifice,
the peak registered a higher SPL and a higher frequency as well. The noise spectra and the mixing layer development suggested a direct correlation between the coherent structures developing in the initial
region of the jet and the noise captured in the surrounding near field.
Abstract: The national economy development affects the vehicle
ownership which ultimately increases fuel consumption. The rise of
the vehicle ownership is dominated by the increasing number of
motorcycles. This research aims to analyze and identify the
characteristics of fuel consumption, the city transportation system,
and to analyze the relationship and the effect of the city
transportation system on the fuel consumption. A multivariable
analysis is used in this study. The data analysis techniques include: a
Multivariate Multivariable Analysis by using the R software. More
than 84% of fuel on Java is consumed in metropolitan and large
cities. The city transportation system variables that strongly effect the
fuel consumption are population, public vehicles, private vehicles and
private bus. This method can be developed to control the fuel
consumption by considering the urban transport system and city
tipology. The effect can reducing subsidy on the fuel consumption,
increasing state economic.
Abstract: The paper deals with the development of portable aerosol concentrator and its application for the determination of nitrites and nitrates. The device enables the continuous trapping of pollutants in the air. An extensive literature search has been elaborated which aims at the development of samplers and the possibilities of their application in the continuous determination of volatile organic compounds. The practical part of the paper is focused on the development of the portable aerosol concentrator. The device using the Aerosol Enrichment Unit has been experimentally verified and subsequently realized. It operates on the principle of equilibrium accumulation of pollutants from the gaseous phase using absorption liquid polydisperse aerosol. The device has been applied for monitoring nitrites and nitrates in the air. The chemiluminescence detector was used for detection; the achieved detection limit for nitrites was 28 ng/m3 and for nitrates 78 ng/m3.
Abstract: Email has become a fast and cheap means of online
communication. The main threat to email is Unsolicited Bulk Email
(UBE), commonly called spam email. The current work aims at
identification of unigrams in more than 2700 UBE that advertise
body-enhancement drugs. The identification is based on the
requirement that the unigram is neither present in dictionary, nor is a
slang term. The motives of the paper are many fold. This is an
attempt to analyze spamming behaviour and employment of wordmutation
technique. On the side-lines of the paper, we have
attempted to better understand the spam, the slang and their interplay.
The problem has been addressed by employing Tokenization
technique and Unigram BOW model. We found that the non-lexicon
words constitute nearly 66% of total number of lexis of corpus
whereas non-slang words constitute nearly 2.4% of non-lexicon
words. Further, non-lexicon non-slang unigrams composed of 2
lexicon words, form more than 71% of the total number of such
unigrams. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first attempt to
analyze usage of non-lexicon non-slang unigrams in any kind of
UBE.
Abstract: Let Xi be a Lacunary System, we established large
deviations inequality for Lacunary System. Furthermore, we gained
Marcinkiewicz Larger Number Law with dependent random variables
sequences.
Abstract: Experimental investigation of heat transfer and
friction factor characteristics of circular tube fitted with 300 right-left helical screw inserts with 100 mm spacer of different twist ratio has
been presented for laminar and turbulent flow.. The experimental data obtained were compared with those obtained from plain tube
published data. The heat transfer coefficient enhancement for 300 RL
inserts with 100 mm spacer is quite comparable with for 300 R-L
inserts. Performance evaluation analysis has been made and found
that the performance ratio increases with increasing Reynolds number
and decreasing twist ration with the maximum for the twist ratio 2.93.
Also, the performance ratio of more than one indicates that the type
of twist inserts can be used effectively for heat transfer augmentation.
Abstract: Fault tolerance is critical in many of today's large computer systems. This paper focuses on improving fault tolerance through testing. Moreover, it concentrates on the memory faults: how to access the editable part of a process memory space and how this part is affected. A special Software Fault Injection Technique (SFIT) is proposed for this purpose. This is done by sequentially scanning the memory of the target process, and trying to edit maximum number of bytes inside that memory. The technique was implemented and tested on a group of programs in software packages such as jet-audio, Notepad, Microsoft Word, Microsoft Excel, and Microsoft Outlook. The results from the test sample process indicate that the size of the scanned area depends on several factors. These factors are: process size, process type, and virtual memory size of the machine under test. The results show that increasing the process size will increase the scanned memory space. They also show that input-output processes have more scanned area size than other processes. Increasing the virtual memory size will also affect the size of the scanned area but to a certain limit.
Abstract: In this study, we propose the chaotic cipher combined with Mersenne Twister that is an extremely good pseudo-random number generator for the secure communications. We investigate the Lyapunov exponent of the proposed system, and evaluate the randomness performance by comparing RC4 and the chaotic cipher. In these results, our proposed system gets high chaotic property and more randomness than the conventional ciphers.
Abstract: Reliable water level forecasts are particularly
important for warning against dangerous flood and inundation. The
current study aims at investigating the suitability of the adaptive
network based fuzzy inference system for continuous water level
modeling. A hybrid learning algorithm, which combines the least
square method and the back propagation algorithm, is used to
identify the parameters of the network. For this study, water levels
data are available for a hydrological year of 2002 with a sampling
interval of 1-hour. The number of antecedent water level that should
be included in the input variables is determined by two statistical
methods, i.e. autocorrelation function and partial autocorrelation
function between the variables. Forecasting was done for 1-hour until
12-hour ahead in order to compare the models generalization at
higher horizons. The results demonstrate that the adaptive networkbased
fuzzy inference system model can be applied successfully and
provide high accuracy and reliability for river water level estimation.
In general, the adaptive network-based fuzzy inference system
provides accurate and reliable water level prediction for 1-hour ahead
where the MAPE=1.15% and correlation=0.98 was achieved. Up to
12-hour ahead prediction, the model still shows relatively good
performance where the error of prediction resulted was less than
9.65%. The information gathered from the preliminary results
provide a useful guidance or reference for flood early warning
system design in which the magnitude and the timing of a potential
extreme flood are indicated.
Abstract: This paper presents the experimental results on space charge distribution in cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE) insulating material for 22 kV power distribution system cable by using pulse electroacoustic measurement technique (PEA). Numbers of XLPE insulating material ribbon having thickness 60 μm taken from unused 22 kV high voltage cable were used as specimen in this study. DC electric field stress was applied to test specimen at room temperature (25°C). Four levels of electric field stress, 25 kV/mm, 50 kV/mm, 75 kV/mm and 100 kV/mm, were used. In order to investigate space charge distribution characteristic, space charge distribution characteristics were measured after applying electric field stress 15 min, 30 min and 60 min, respectively. The results show that applied time and magnitude of dc electric field stress play an important role to the formation of space charge.
Abstract: The central recirculation zone (CRZ) in a swirl
stabilized gas turbine combustor has a dominant effect on the fuel air
mixing process and flame stability. Most of state of the art swirlers
share one disadvantage; the fixed swirl number for the same swirler
configuration. Thus, in a mathematical sense, Reynolds number
becomes the sole parameter for controlling the flow characteristics
inside the combustor. As a result, at low load operation, the
generated swirl is more likely to become feeble affecting the flame
stabilization and mixing process. This paper introduces a new swirler
concept which overcomes the mentioned weakness of the modern
configurations. The new swirler introduces air tangentially and
axially to the combustor through tangential vanes and an axial vanes
respectively. Therefore, it provides different swirl numbers for the
same configuration by regulating the ratio between the axial and
tangential flow momenta. The swirler aerodynamic performance was
investigated using four CFD simulations in order to demonstrate the
impact of tangential to axial flow rate ratio on the CRZ. It was found
that the length of the CRZ is directly proportional to the tangential to
axial air flow rate ratio.
Abstract: Energy efficiency is the key requirement in wireless sensor network as sensors are small, cheap and are deployed in very large number in a large geographical area, so there is no question of replacing the batteries of the sensors once deployed. Different ways can be used for efficient energy transmission including Multi-Hop algorithms, collaborative communication, cooperativecommunication, Beam- forming, routing algorithm, phase, frequency and time synchronization. The paper reviews the need for time synchronization and proposed a BFS based synchronization algorithm to achieve energy efficiency. The efficiency of our protocol has been tested and verified by simulation