Computer Study of Cluster Mechanism of Anti-greenhouse Effect
Absorption spectra of infra-red (IR) radiation of the
disperse water medium absorbing the most important greenhouse
gases: CO2 , N2O , CH4 , C2H2 , C2H6 have been calculated by
the molecular dynamics method. Loss of the absorbing ability at the
formation of clusters due to a reduction of the number of centers
interacting with IR radiation, results in an anti-greenhouse effect.
Absorption of O3 molecules by the (H2O)50 cluster is investigated
at its interaction with Cl- ions. The splitting of ozone molecule on
atoms near to cluster surface was observed. Interaction of water
cluster with Cl- ions causes the increase of integrated intensity of
emission spectra of IR radiation, and also essential reduction of the
similar characteristic of Raman spectrum. Relative integrated
intensity of absorption of IR radiation for small water clusters was
designed. Dependences of the quantity of weight on altitude for
vapor of monomers, clusters, droplets, crystals and mass of all
moisture were determined. The anti-greenhouse effect of clusters was
defined as the difference of increases of average global temperature
of the Earth, caused by absorption of IR radiation by free water
molecules forming clusters, and absorption of clusters themselves.
The greenhouse effect caused by clusters makes 0.53 K, and the antigreenhouse
one is equal to 1.14 K. The increase of concentration of
CO2 in the atmosphere does not always correlate with the
amplification of greenhouse effect.
[1] F. Xie, W. Tian, M.P. Chipperfield, "Radiative effect of ozone change
on stratosphere-troposphere exchange", vol. 113, 2008, pp. D00B09,
doi: 10.1029/2008JD009829.
[2] V. Vaida, J.S. Daniels, H.G. Kjaergaard, L.M. Goss, A.F. Tuck,
"Atmospheric absorption of near infrared and visible solar radiation by
the hydrogen bonded water dimer," Q.J.R. Meteorol. Soc., vol. 127,
2001, pp. 1627-1643.
[3] K.J. Bignell, "The water vapour infrared continuum," Q.J.R. Meteorol.
Soc., vol. 96, 1970, pp. 390-403.
[4] A.C.L. Lee, "A study of the continuum absorption within the 8-13 um
atmospheric window," Q.J.R. Meteorol. Soc., vol. 99, 1973, pp.490-505.
[5] M.T. Coffey, "Water vapour absorption in 10-12 um atmospheric
window, " Q.J.R. Meteorol. Soc., vol. 103, 1977, pp. 685-692.
[6] P.G. Wolynes, R.E. Roberts, "Molecular interpretation of the infrared
water vapour continuum", Applied Optics, vol. 17, 1978, pp. 1484-
1485.
[7] H.R. Carlon , "Do clusters contribute to the infrared absorption spectrum
of water vapor?," Infrared Phys., vol. 19, 1979, pp. 549-557.
[8] H.A. Gebbie, "Observations of anomalous absorption in the
atmosphere", in Atmospheric water vapor, A. Deepak, T.D. Wilkerson
and L.H. Ruhnke, Ed. New York: Academic Press, 1980, pp. 133-141.
[9] G.R. Low, H.G. Kjaergaard, "Calculation of OH-stretching band intensities
of the water dimer and trimer," J. Chem. Phys., vol. 110, 1999, pp. 9104-
9115.
[10] L.M. Goss, S.W. Sharpe, T.A. Blake, V. Vaida, and J.W. Brault, "Direct
absorption spectroscopy of water clusters," J. Phys. Chem. A, vol. 103, 1999,
pp. 8620-8624.
[11] J. Barrett, "Greenhouse molecules, their spectra and function in the
atmosphere," Energy & Environment, vol. 16, 2005, pp. 1037-1045.
[12] A.Y. Galashev, O.R. Rakhmanova, and V.N. Chukanov, "Absorption and
dissipation of infrared radiation by atmospheric water clusters," Russian Journal of
Physical Chemistry, vol. 79, 2005, pp. 1455-1159.
[13] O.A. Novruzova, A.A. Galasheva, and A.E. Galashev, "IR spectra of aqueous
disperse systems adsorbed atmospheric gases: 1. Nitrogen," Colloid Journal, vol.
69, 2007, pp. 474-482.
[14] O.A. Novruzova, and A.E. Galashev, "Numerical simulation of IR
absorption, reflection, and scattering in dispersed water-oxigen media,"
High Temperature, vol. 46, 2008, pp. 60-68.
[15] O.A. Novruzova, A.A. Galasheva, and A.E. Galashev, "IR spectra of aqueous
disperse systems adsorbed atmospheric gases: 2. Argon," Colloid Journal, vol.
69, 2007, pp. 483-491.
[16] L.X. Dang, and T.M. Chang, "Molecular dynamics study of water
clusters, liquid and liquid-vapor interface of water with many-body
potentials,"J. Chem. Phys., vol. 106, 1997, pp. 8149-8159.
[17] M.A. Spackman, "Atom-atom potentials via electron gas theory," J.
Chem. Phys., vol. 85, 1986, pp. 6579-6585.
[18] M.A. Spackman, "A simple quantitative model of hydrogen bonding," J.
Chem. Phys., vol. 85, 1986, pp. 6587-6601.
[19] J.M. Haile, Molecular Dynamics Simulation. Elementary Methods.
N.Y.-Chichester-Brisbane-Toronto-Singapore: John Wiley & Sons,
Inc., 1992, ch. 4.
[20] V.N. Koshlyakov, Zadachi Dinamiki Tverdogo Tela I Prikladnoi Teorii
Giroskopov (Problems of Solid Body Dynamics and the Applied Theory
of Gyroscopes). Moscow: Nauka, 1985, ch. 1.
[21] R. Sonnenschein "An Improved algorithm for molecular dynamics
simulation of rigid molecules," J. Comp. Phys., vol. 59, 1985, pp. 347-
350.
[22] M. Neumann, "The dielectric constant of water. Computer simulations
with the MCY potential," J. Chem. Phys., vol. 82, 1985, pp. 5663-5672.
[23] W.B. Bosma, L.E. Fried, S. J. Mukamel, " Simulation of the
intermolecular vibrational spectra of liquid water and water clusters," J.
Chem. Phys., vol. 98. 1993. pp. 4413-4421.
[24] L.D. Landau, and E.M. Lifshitz, Elektrodinamika Sploshnykh Sred
(Electrodynamics of Continuous Media). vol. 8, Moscow: Nauka, 1982.
[25] Fizicheskaya Entsiklopediya (Physical Encyclopedia), vol. 1, A.M.
Prokhorov, Ed. Moscow: Sovetskaya entsiklopediya, 1988.
[26] P.L. Goggin, and C. Carr, "Far infrared spectroscopy and aqueous
solutions," in Water and Aqueous Solutions,vol, vol. 37, G.W. Neilson,
J.E.Enderby, Ed..Bristol: Adam Hilger, 1986, pp. 149-161.
[27] G. Herzberg, Molecular Spectra and Molecular Structure: II. Infrared and
Raman Spectra of Polyatomic Molecules.. Princeton: Van Nostrand Reinhold,
1945.
[28] V.I. Kozintsev, M.L. Belov, V.A. Gorodnichev, and Yu.V. Fedotov,
Lazernyi Optiko-akusticheskii Analiz Mnogokomponentnykh Gazovykh
Smesei (Laser Optical Acoustic Analysis of Multicomponent Gas Mixtures),
Moscow: Izd. MGTU im. N.E. Baumana, 2003.
[29] Ph. Vallee, J. Lafait, M. Ghomi, M. Jouanne, J.F. Morhange, "Raman
scattering of water and photoluminescence of pollutants arising from
solid-water interaction," J. Mol. Struct. vol. 651-653. 2003, pp. 371-379.
[30] S. J. Ghan, L. R. Leung, R. C. Easter, and H. Abdul-Razzak, "Prediction
of cloud droplet number in a general circulation model," J. Geophys.
Res., vol. 102(D18), 1997, pp.777-794.
[31] P.L. Kebabian, C.E. Kolb, A. Freedman, "Spectroscopic water vapor
sensor for rapid response measurements of humidity in the troposphere,"
J. Geophys. Res. vol. 107(D23), 2002, pp. 4670 (1-14).
[32] M.M. Halmann, M. Steinberg, Greenhouse Gas Carbon Dioxide
Mitigation. Science and Technology. Roca Raton, London, New York,
Washington: Lewis publishers, 1999, pp. 7-8.
[1] F. Xie, W. Tian, M.P. Chipperfield, "Radiative effect of ozone change
on stratosphere-troposphere exchange", vol. 113, 2008, pp. D00B09,
doi: 10.1029/2008JD009829.
[2] V. Vaida, J.S. Daniels, H.G. Kjaergaard, L.M. Goss, A.F. Tuck,
"Atmospheric absorption of near infrared and visible solar radiation by
the hydrogen bonded water dimer," Q.J.R. Meteorol. Soc., vol. 127,
2001, pp. 1627-1643.
[3] K.J. Bignell, "The water vapour infrared continuum," Q.J.R. Meteorol.
Soc., vol. 96, 1970, pp. 390-403.
[4] A.C.L. Lee, "A study of the continuum absorption within the 8-13 um
atmospheric window," Q.J.R. Meteorol. Soc., vol. 99, 1973, pp.490-505.
[5] M.T. Coffey, "Water vapour absorption in 10-12 um atmospheric
window, " Q.J.R. Meteorol. Soc., vol. 103, 1977, pp. 685-692.
[6] P.G. Wolynes, R.E. Roberts, "Molecular interpretation of the infrared
water vapour continuum", Applied Optics, vol. 17, 1978, pp. 1484-
1485.
[7] H.R. Carlon , "Do clusters contribute to the infrared absorption spectrum
of water vapor?," Infrared Phys., vol. 19, 1979, pp. 549-557.
[8] H.A. Gebbie, "Observations of anomalous absorption in the
atmosphere", in Atmospheric water vapor, A. Deepak, T.D. Wilkerson
and L.H. Ruhnke, Ed. New York: Academic Press, 1980, pp. 133-141.
[9] G.R. Low, H.G. Kjaergaard, "Calculation of OH-stretching band intensities
of the water dimer and trimer," J. Chem. Phys., vol. 110, 1999, pp. 9104-
9115.
[10] L.M. Goss, S.W. Sharpe, T.A. Blake, V. Vaida, and J.W. Brault, "Direct
absorption spectroscopy of water clusters," J. Phys. Chem. A, vol. 103, 1999,
pp. 8620-8624.
[11] J. Barrett, "Greenhouse molecules, their spectra and function in the
atmosphere," Energy & Environment, vol. 16, 2005, pp. 1037-1045.
[12] A.Y. Galashev, O.R. Rakhmanova, and V.N. Chukanov, "Absorption and
dissipation of infrared radiation by atmospheric water clusters," Russian Journal of
Physical Chemistry, vol. 79, 2005, pp. 1455-1159.
[13] O.A. Novruzova, A.A. Galasheva, and A.E. Galashev, "IR spectra of aqueous
disperse systems adsorbed atmospheric gases: 1. Nitrogen," Colloid Journal, vol.
69, 2007, pp. 474-482.
[14] O.A. Novruzova, and A.E. Galashev, "Numerical simulation of IR
absorption, reflection, and scattering in dispersed water-oxigen media,"
High Temperature, vol. 46, 2008, pp. 60-68.
[15] O.A. Novruzova, A.A. Galasheva, and A.E. Galashev, "IR spectra of aqueous
disperse systems adsorbed atmospheric gases: 2. Argon," Colloid Journal, vol.
69, 2007, pp. 483-491.
[16] L.X. Dang, and T.M. Chang, "Molecular dynamics study of water
clusters, liquid and liquid-vapor interface of water with many-body
potentials,"J. Chem. Phys., vol. 106, 1997, pp. 8149-8159.
[17] M.A. Spackman, "Atom-atom potentials via electron gas theory," J.
Chem. Phys., vol. 85, 1986, pp. 6579-6585.
[18] M.A. Spackman, "A simple quantitative model of hydrogen bonding," J.
Chem. Phys., vol. 85, 1986, pp. 6587-6601.
[19] J.M. Haile, Molecular Dynamics Simulation. Elementary Methods.
N.Y.-Chichester-Brisbane-Toronto-Singapore: John Wiley & Sons,
Inc., 1992, ch. 4.
[20] V.N. Koshlyakov, Zadachi Dinamiki Tverdogo Tela I Prikladnoi Teorii
Giroskopov (Problems of Solid Body Dynamics and the Applied Theory
of Gyroscopes). Moscow: Nauka, 1985, ch. 1.
[21] R. Sonnenschein "An Improved algorithm for molecular dynamics
simulation of rigid molecules," J. Comp. Phys., vol. 59, 1985, pp. 347-
350.
[22] M. Neumann, "The dielectric constant of water. Computer simulations
with the MCY potential," J. Chem. Phys., vol. 82, 1985, pp. 5663-5672.
[23] W.B. Bosma, L.E. Fried, S. J. Mukamel, " Simulation of the
intermolecular vibrational spectra of liquid water and water clusters," J.
Chem. Phys., vol. 98. 1993. pp. 4413-4421.
[24] L.D. Landau, and E.M. Lifshitz, Elektrodinamika Sploshnykh Sred
(Electrodynamics of Continuous Media). vol. 8, Moscow: Nauka, 1982.
[25] Fizicheskaya Entsiklopediya (Physical Encyclopedia), vol. 1, A.M.
Prokhorov, Ed. Moscow: Sovetskaya entsiklopediya, 1988.
[26] P.L. Goggin, and C. Carr, "Far infrared spectroscopy and aqueous
solutions," in Water and Aqueous Solutions,vol, vol. 37, G.W. Neilson,
J.E.Enderby, Ed..Bristol: Adam Hilger, 1986, pp. 149-161.
[27] G. Herzberg, Molecular Spectra and Molecular Structure: II. Infrared and
Raman Spectra of Polyatomic Molecules.. Princeton: Van Nostrand Reinhold,
1945.
[28] V.I. Kozintsev, M.L. Belov, V.A. Gorodnichev, and Yu.V. Fedotov,
Lazernyi Optiko-akusticheskii Analiz Mnogokomponentnykh Gazovykh
Smesei (Laser Optical Acoustic Analysis of Multicomponent Gas Mixtures),
Moscow: Izd. MGTU im. N.E. Baumana, 2003.
[29] Ph. Vallee, J. Lafait, M. Ghomi, M. Jouanne, J.F. Morhange, "Raman
scattering of water and photoluminescence of pollutants arising from
solid-water interaction," J. Mol. Struct. vol. 651-653. 2003, pp. 371-379.
[30] S. J. Ghan, L. R. Leung, R. C. Easter, and H. Abdul-Razzak, "Prediction
of cloud droplet number in a general circulation model," J. Geophys.
Res., vol. 102(D18), 1997, pp.777-794.
[31] P.L. Kebabian, C.E. Kolb, A. Freedman, "Spectroscopic water vapor
sensor for rapid response measurements of humidity in the troposphere,"
J. Geophys. Res. vol. 107(D23), 2002, pp. 4670 (1-14).
[32] M.M. Halmann, M. Steinberg, Greenhouse Gas Carbon Dioxide
Mitigation. Science and Technology. Roca Raton, London, New York,
Washington: Lewis publishers, 1999, pp. 7-8.
@article{"International Journal of Earth, Energy and Environmental Sciences:64983", author = "A. Galashev", title = "Computer Study of Cluster Mechanism of Anti-greenhouse Effect", abstract = "Absorption spectra of infra-red (IR) radiation of the
disperse water medium absorbing the most important greenhouse
gases: CO2 , N2O , CH4 , C2H2 , C2H6 have been calculated by
the molecular dynamics method. Loss of the absorbing ability at the
formation of clusters due to a reduction of the number of centers
interacting with IR radiation, results in an anti-greenhouse effect.
Absorption of O3 molecules by the (H2O)50 cluster is investigated
at its interaction with Cl- ions. The splitting of ozone molecule on
atoms near to cluster surface was observed. Interaction of water
cluster with Cl- ions causes the increase of integrated intensity of
emission spectra of IR radiation, and also essential reduction of the
similar characteristic of Raman spectrum. Relative integrated
intensity of absorption of IR radiation for small water clusters was
designed. Dependences of the quantity of weight on altitude for
vapor of monomers, clusters, droplets, crystals and mass of all
moisture were determined. The anti-greenhouse effect of clusters was
defined as the difference of increases of average global temperature
of the Earth, caused by absorption of IR radiation by free water
molecules forming clusters, and absorption of clusters themselves.
The greenhouse effect caused by clusters makes 0.53 K, and the antigreenhouse
one is equal to 1.14 K. The increase of concentration of
CO2 in the atmosphere does not always correlate with the
amplification of greenhouse effect.", keywords = "Greenhouse gases, infrared absorption and Raman
spectra, molecular dynamics method, water clusters.", volume = "3", number = "3", pages = "92-8", }
