Abstract: A new and novel approach in medicine is the use of
cold plasma for various applications such as sterilization blood
coagulation and cancer cell treatment. In this paper a pin-to-hole
plasma jet suitable for biological applications is investigated and
characterized and the possibility and feasibility of cancer cell
treatment is evaluated. The characterization includes power
consumption via Lissajous method, thermal behavior of plasma using
Infra-red camera as a novel method, Optical Emission Spectroscopy
(OES) to determine the species that are generated. Treatment of
leukemia cancer cells is also implemented and MTT assay is used to
evaluate viability.
Abstract: This study examines appearances of brand placement
as an alternative communication strategy in television series by
focusing on Yalan Dünya which is one of the most popular television
series in Turkey. Consequently, this study has a descriptive research
design and quantitative content analysis method is used in order to
analyze frequency and time data of brand placement appearances in
first 3 seasons of Yalan Dünya with 16 episodes.
Analysis of brand placement practices in Yalan Dünya is dealt in
three categories: episode-based analysis, season-based analysis and
comparative analysis. At the end, brand placement practices in Yalan
Dünya are evaluated in terms of type, form, duration and legal
arrangements.
As a result of this study, it is seen that brand placement plays a
determinant role in Yalan Dünya content. Also, current legal
arrangements make brand placement closer to other traditional
communication strategies instead of differing brand placement from
them distinctly.
Abstract: Efficient handoff algorithms are a cost-effective way
of enhancing the capacity and QoS of cellular system. The higher
value of hysteresis effectively prevents unnecessary handoffs but
causes undesired cell dragging. This undesired cell dragging causes
interference or could lead to dropped calls in microcellular
environment. The problems are further exacerbated by the corner
effect phenomenon which causes the signal level to drop by 20-30 dB
in 10-20 meters. Thus, in order to maintain reliable communication
in a microcellular system new and better handoff algorithms must be
developed. A fuzzy based handoff algorithm is proposed in this paper
as a solution to this problem. Handoff on the basis of ratio of slopes
of normal signal loss to the actual signal loss is presented. The fuzzy
based solution is supported by comparing its results with the results
obtained in analytical solution.
Abstract: The present work consecutively on synthesis and
characterization of composites, Al/Al alloy A 384.1 as matrix in
which the main ingredient as Al/Al-5% MgO alloy based metal
matrix composite. As practical implications the low cost processing
route for the fabrication of Al alloy A 384.1 and operational
difficulties of presently available manufacturing processes based in
liquid manipulation methods. As all new developments, complete
understanding of the influence of processing variables upon the final
quality of the product. And the composite is applied comprehensively
to the acquaintance for achieving superiority of information
concerning the specific heat measurement of a material through the
aid of thermographs. Products are evaluated concerning relative
particle size and mechanical behavior under tensile strength.
Furthermore, Taguchi technique was employed to examine the
experimental optimum results are achieved, owing to effectiveness of
this approach.
Abstract: Films of pure tin oxide SnO2 and in presence of
antimony atoms (SnO2-Sb) deposited onto glass substrates have
shown a sufficiently high energy gap to be transparent in the visible
region, a high electrical mobility and a carrier concentration which
displays a good electrical conductivity [1]. In this work, the effects of
polycrystalline silicon substrate on the optical properties of pure and
Sb doped tin oxide is investigated.
We used the APCVD (atmospheric pressure chemical vapour
deposition) technique, which is a low-cost and simple technique,
under nitrogen ambient, for growing this material. A series of SnO2
and SnO2-Sb have been deposited onto polycrystalline silicon
substrates with different contents of antimony atoms at the same
conditions of deposition (substrate temperature, flow oxygen,
duration and nitrogen atmosphere of the reactor). The effect of the
substrate in terms of morphology and nonlinear optical properties,
mainly the reflectance, was studied. The reflectance intensity of the
device, compared to the reflectance of tin oxide films deposited
directly on glass substrate, is clearly reduced on the overall
wavelength range. It is obvious that the roughness of the poly-c
silicon plays an important role by improving the reflectance and
hence the optical parameters.
A clear shift in the minimum of the reflectance upon doping level
is observed. This minimum corresponds to strong free carrier
absorption, resulting in different plasma frequency. This effect is
followed by an increase in the reflectance depending of the antimony
doping. Applying the extended Drude theory to the combining
optical and electrical obtained results these effects are discussed.
Abstract: In this paper, we discuss the egalitarianism solution (ES) and center-of-gravity of the imputation-set value (CIV) for bicooperative games, which can be seen as the extensions of the solutions for traditional games given by Dutta and Ray [1] and Driessen and Funaki [2]. Furthermore, axiomatic systems for the given values are proposed. Finally, a numerical example is offered to illustrate the player ES and CTV.
Abstract: In this paper, the test purpose will be to assess
whether or not the accelerated model proposed by Eyring will be able
to translate results for the shape and scale parameters of an
underlying Weibull model, obtained under two accelerating using
conditions, to expected normal using condition results for these
parameters. The product being analyzed is a new type of insulate
fluid, and the accelerating factor is the voltage stresses applied to the
fluid at two different levels (30KV and 40KV). The normal operating
voltage is 25KV. In this case, it was possible to test the insulate fluid
at normal voltage using condition. Both results for the two
parameters of the Weibull model, obtained under normal using
condition and translated from accelerated using conditions to normal
conditions, will be compared to each other to assess the accuracy of
the Eyring model when the accelerating factor is only the voltage
stress.
Abstract: This paper presents the development of an MODAPTS based cost estimating system to help designers in estimating the manufacturing cost of a assembly products which is belonged from the workers in working fields. Competitiveness of manufacturing cost is getting harder because of the development of Information and telecommunication, but also globalization. Therefore, the accuracy of the assembly cost estimation is getting important. DFA and MODAPTS is useful method for measuring the working hour. But these two methods are used just as a timetable. Therefore, in this paper, we suggest the process of measuring the working hours by MODAPTS which includes the working field-s accurate information. In addition, we adduce the estimation method of accuracy assembly cost with the real information. This research could be useful for designers that can estimate the assembly cost more accurately, and also effective for the companies that which are concerned to reduce the product cost.
Abstract: This paper presents an application of the improved
QFD method for determining the specifications of kitchen utensils
rack. By using the improved method, the subjective nature in original
QFD was reduced; particularly in defining the relationship between
customer requirement and engineering characteristics. The regression
analysis that was used for obtaining the relationship functions
between customer requirement and engineering characteristics also
accommodated the inaccurateness of the competitive assessment
results. The improved method which is represented in the form of a
mathematical model had become a formal guidance to allocate the
resource for improving the specifications of kitchen utensils rack.
The specifications obtained had led to the achievement of the highest
feasible customer satisfaction.
Abstract: The aim of this study was to trace the effects of growth environment on the behaviour of fattening pigs in the farm and outside it. Behavioral manifestations of pigs reared in pens with enriched environment (A lot, n: 22) were different from those of pigs reared in pens with arid environment (B lot, n: 17) in shelter and when the movement to be loaded. Pigs of B lot spent more time on the move (31%) compared to group A pigs (13%), and manifested more aggressive behavior when they were loaded. Salivary cortisol levels also showed high values for pigs in B lot after being removed from their growth environment, as compared to its concentration for A lot pigs. The enriched environment for pigs may determine different responses of behavior. Pigs raised in arid environment, were easier to loaded than pigs reared in enriched environment, but they responded to mixing and loading stress, through increases in cortisol concentrations and impaired behavioral manifestations.
Abstract: In this paper, the computation of the electrical field distribution around AC high-voltage lines is demonstrated. The advantages and disadvantages of two different methods are described to evaluate the electrical field quantity. The first method is a seminumerical method using the laws of electrostatic techniques to simulate the two-dimensional electric field under the high-voltage overhead line. The second method which will be discussed is the finite element method (FEM) using specific boundary conditions to compute the two- dimensional electric field distributions in an efficient way.
Abstract: Wind turbine should be controlled to capture maximum
wind energy and to prevent the turbine from being stalled. To achieve
those two goals, wind turbine controller controls torque on generator
and limits input torque from wind by pitching blade. Usually, torque
on generator is controlled using inverter torque set point. However,
verifying a control algorithm in actual wind turbine needs a lot of
efforts to test and the actual wind turbine could be broken while testing
a control algorithm. So, several software have developed and
commercialized by Garrad Hassan, GH Bladed, and NREL, FAST.
Even though, those programs can simulate control system modeling
with subroutines or DLLs. However, those simulation programs are
not able to emulate detailed generator or PMSG. In this paper, a small
size wind turbine simulator is developed with induction motor and
small size drive train. The developed system can simulate wind turbine
control algorithm in the region before rated power.
Abstract: The present study is concerned with the absorption
center of photophoresis within a micro-sized and spheroidal particle in
a gaseous medium. A particle subjected to an intense light beam can
absorb electromagnetic energy within the particle unevenly, which
results in photophoretic force to drive the particle in motion. By
evaluating the energy distribution systematically at various conditions,
the study focuses on the effects of governing parameters, such as
particle aspect ratio, size parameter, refractivity, and absorptivity, on
the heat source function within the particle and their potential
influences to the photophoresis.
Abstract: The Beshar River is one aquatic ecosystem,which is
affected by pollutants. This study was conducted to evaluate the
effects of human activities on the water quality of the Beshar river.
This river is approximately 190 km in length and situated at the
geographical positions of 51° 20' to 51° 48' E and 30° 18' to 30° 52'
N it is one of the most important aquatic ecosystems of Kohkiloye
and Boyerahmad province next to the city of Yasuj in southern Iran.
The Beshar river has been contaminated by industrial, agricultural
and other activities in this region such as factories, hospitals,
agricultural farms, urban surface runoff and effluent of wastewater
treatment plants. In order to evaluate the effects of these pollutants
on the quality of the Beshar river, five monitoring stations were
selected along its course. The first station is located upstream of
Yasuj near the Dehnow village; stations 2 to 4 are located east, south
and west of city; and the 5th station is located downstream of Yasuj.
Several water quality parameters were sampled. These include pH,
dissolved oxygen, biological oxygen demand (BOD), temperature,
conductivity, turbidity, total dissolved solids and discharge or flow
measurements. Water samples from the five stations were collected
and analysed to determine the following physicochemical
parameters: EC, pH, T.D.S, T.H, No2, DO, BOD5, COD during 2008
to 2009. The study shows that the BOD5 value of station 1 is at a
minimum (1.5 ppm) and increases downstream from stations 2 to 4 to
a maximum (7.2 ppm), and then decreases at station 5. The DO
values of station 1 is a maximum (9.55 ppm), decreases downstream
to stations 2 - 4 which are at a minimum (3.4 ppm), before increasing
at station 5. The amount of BOD and TDS are highest at the 4th
station and the amount of DO is lowest at this station, marking the
4th station as more highly polluted than the other stations. The
physicochemical parameters improve at the 5th station due to
pollutant degradation and dilution. Finally the point and nonpoint
pollutant sources of Beshar river were determined and compared to
the monitoring results.
Abstract: It is hard to percept the interaction process with machines when visual information is not available. In this paper, we have addressed this issue to provide interaction through visual techniques. Posture recognition is done for American Sign Language to recognize static alphabets and numbers. 3D information is exploited to obtain segmentation of hands and face using normal Gaussian distribution and depth information. Features for posture recognition are computed using statistical and geometrical properties which are translation, rotation and scale invariant. Hu-Moment as statistical features and; circularity and rectangularity as geometrical features are incorporated to build the feature vectors. These feature vectors are used to train SVM for classification that recognizes static alphabets and numbers. For the alphabets, curvature analysis is carried out to reduce the misclassifications. The experimental results show that proposed system recognizes posture symbols by achieving recognition rate of 98.65% and 98.6% for ASL alphabets and numbers respectively.
Abstract: In the given article the creative arts is being
investigated in the modern era and from the aspect of the artistic
interrelationship, having created by the character of his personality
and as the viewer. A study in the identity formation terms, the
definition of its being unique, unity and similarity as a global issue of
the XXI century has been conducted by the analyzing the definitions
which characterize the human nature in the arts. Spiritual universality
and human existence have been considered in the art system as a
human who is a creator, as the man hero and as the character who is
the recipient as well as the analyses which have been conducted
along with the worldwide cultural and historical processes.
Abstract: this paper gives a novel approach towards real-time speed estimation of multiple traffic vehicles using fuzzy logic and image processing techniques with proper arrangement of camera parameters. The described algorithm consists of several important steps. First, the background is estimated by computing median over time window of specific frames. Second, the foreground is extracted using fuzzy similarity approach (FSA) between estimated background pixels and the current frame pixels containing foreground and background. Third, the traffic lanes are divided into two parts for both direction vehicles for parallel processing. Finally, the speeds of vehicles are estimated by Maximum a Posterior Probability (MAP) estimator. True ground speed is determined by utilizing infrared sensors for three different vehicles and the results are compared to the proposed algorithm with an accuracy of ± 0.74 kmph.
Abstract: The effect of shearing date on behaviors and performances of 20 pregnant Rahmani ewes was evaluated in four groups (5each). Ewes were shorn at 70, 100 and 130 days of pregnancy in the first three groups respectively, while the fourth group was maintained unshorn as a control. Some behavioral and physiological data related to ewes in addition, blood cortisol level were recorded. Results revealed a significant increase in the frequencies of comfort and eating behaviors, respiratory rate, pulse rate, lamb birth weight and blood cortisol level in early and mid pregnancy shorn ewes. Also, a slight increase in pregnancy period was observed for those ewes. On the other hand, social behaviors, and core temperature were not affected by shearing. These results conclude that prenatal shearing (early and mid-pregnancy) of ewes increases the frequencies of comfort and eating behaviors, and improves the survival rates of lambs by increasing their birth weights.
Abstract: Homogeneous Charge Compression (HCCI) Ignition technology has been around for a long time, but has recently received renewed attention and enthusiasm. This paper deals with experimental investigations of HCCI engine using hydrous methanol as a primary fuel and Dimethyl Ether (DME) as an ignition improver. A regular diesel engine has been modified to work as HCCI engine for this investigation. The hydrous methanol is inducted and DME is injected into a single cylinder engine. Hence, hydrous methanol is used with 15% water content in HCCI engine and its performance and emission behavior is documented. The auto-ignition of Methanol is enabled by DME. The quantity of DME varies with respect to the load. In this study, the experiments are conducted independently and the effect of the hydrous methanol on the engine operating limit, heat release rate and exhaust emissions at different load conditions are investigated. The investigation also proves that the Hydrous Methanol with DME operation reduces the oxides of Nitrogen and smoke to an extreme low level which is not possible by the direct injection CI engine. Therefore, it is beneficial to use hydrous methanol-DME HCCI mode while using hydrous methanol in internal Combustion Engines.
Abstract: This paper considers the problem of scheduling maintenance actions for identical aircraft gas turbine engines. Each one of the turbines consists of parts which frequently require replacement. A finite inventory of spare parts is available and all parts are ready for replacement at any time. The inventory consists of both new and refurbished parts. Hence, these parts have different field lives. The goal is to find a replacement part sequencing that maximizes the time that the aircraft will keep functioning before the inventory is replenished. The problem is formulated as an identical parallel machine scheduling problem where the minimum completion time has to be maximized. Two models have been developed. The first one is an optimization model which is based on a 0-1 linear programming formulation, while the second one is an approximate procedure which consists in decomposing the problem into several two-machine subproblems. Each subproblem is optimally solved using the first model. Both models have been implemented using Lingo and have been tested on two sets of randomly generated data with up to 150 parts and 10 turbines. Experimental results show that the optimization model is able to solve only instances with no more than 4 turbines, while the decomposition procedure often provides near-optimal solutions within a maximum CPU time of 3 seconds.