Abstract: Fuel cell's system requires regulating circuit for
voltage and current in order to control power in case of connecting to
other generative devices or load. In this paper Fuel cell system and
convertor, which is a multi-variable system, are controlled using
sliding mode method. Use of weighting matrix in design procedure
made it possible to regulate speed of control. Simulation results show
the robustness and accuracy of proposed controller for controlling
desired of outputs.
Abstract: With the globalized production and logistics
environment, the need for reducing the product development interval
and lead time, having a faster response to orders, conforming to quality
standards, fair tracking, and boosting information exchanging
activities with customers and partners, and coping with changes in the
management environment, manufacturers are in dire need of an
information management system in their manufacturing environments.
There are lots of information systems that have been designed to
manage the condition or operation of equipment in the field but
existing systems have a decentralized architecture, which is not
unified. Also, these systems cannot effectively handle the status data
extraction process upon encountering a problem related to protocols or
changes in the equipment or the setting. In this regard, this paper will
introduce a system for processing and saving the status info of
production equipment, which uses standard representation formats, to
enable flexible responses to and support for variables in the field
equipment. This system can be used for a variety of manufacturing and
equipment settings and is capable of interacting with higher-tier
systems such as MES.
Abstract: Three sulphonic acid-doped polyanilines were
synthesized through chemical oxidation at low temperature (0-5 oC)
and potential of these polymers as sensing agent for O2 gas detection
in terms of fluorescence quenching was studied. Sulphuric acid,
dodecylbenzene sulphonic acid (DBSA) and camphor sulphonic acid
(CSA) were used as doping agents. All polymers obtained were dark
green powder. Polymers obtained were characterized by Fourier
transform infrared spectroscopy, ultraviolet-visible absorption
spectroscopy, thermogravimetry analysis, elemental analysis,
differential scanning calorimeter and gel permeation
chromatography. Characterizations carried out showed that polymers
were successfully synthesized with mass recovery for sulphuric aciddoped
polyaniline (SPAN), DBSA-doped polyaniline (DBSA-doped
PANI) and CSA-doped polyaniline (CSA-doped PANI) of 71.40%,
75.00% and 39.96%, respectively. Doping level of SPAN, DBSAdoped
PANI and CSA-doped PANI were 32.86%, 33.13% and
53.96%, respectively as determined based on elemental analysis.
Sensing test was carried out on polymer sample in the form of
solution and film by using fluorescence spectrophotometer. Samples
of polymer solution and polymer film showed positive response
towards O2 exposure. All polymer solutions and films were fully
regenerated by using N2 gas within 1 hour period. Photostability
study showed that all samples of polymer solutions and films were
stable towards light when continuously exposed to xenon lamp for 9
hours. The relative standard deviation (RSD) values for SPAN
solution, DBSA-doped PANI solution and CSA-doped PANI
solution for repeatability were 0.23%, 0.64% and 0.76%,
respectively. Meanwhile RSD values for reproducibility were 2.36%,
6.98% and 1.27%, respectively. Results for SPAN film, DBSAdoped
PANI film and CSA-doped PANI film showed the same
pattern with RSD values for repeatability of 0.52%, 4.05% and
0.90%, respectively. Meanwhile RSD values for reproducibility were
2.91%, 10.05% and 7.42%, respectively. The study on effect of the
flow rate on response time was carried out using 3 different rates
which were 0.25 mL/s, 1.00 mL/s and 2.00 mL/s. Results obtained
showed that the higher the flow rate, the shorter the response time.
Abstract: Total liquid ventilation can support gas exchange in animal models of lung injury. Clinical application awaits further technical improvements and performance verification. Our aim was to develop a liquid ventilator, able to deliver accurate tidal volumes, and a computerized system for measuring lung mechanics. The computer-assisted, piston-driven respirator controlled ventilatory parameters that were displayed and modified on a real-time basis. Pressure and temperature transducers along with a lineal displacement controller provided the necessary signals to calculate lung mechanics. Ten newborn lambs (
Abstract: Water, soil and sediment contaminated with
metolachlor poses a threat to the environment and human health.
We determined the effectiveness of nano-zerovalent iron (NZVI) to
dechlorinate metolachlor [2-chloro-n-(2-ethyl-6-methyl-phenyl)-n-
(1-methoxypropan-2-yl)acetamide] in pH solution and the presence
of aluminium salt. The optimum dosage of degradation of 100 mlL-1
metolachlor was 1% (w/v) NZVI. The degradation kinetic rate (kobs)
was 0.218×10-3 min-1 and specific first-order rates (kSA) was
8.72×10-7 L m-2min-1. By treating aqueous solutions of metolachlor
with NZVI, metolachlor destruction rate were increased as the pH
decrease from 10 to 4. Lowering solution pH removes Fe (III)
passivating layers from the NZVI and makes it free for reductive
transformations. Destruction kinetic rates were 20.8×10-3 min-1 for
pH4, 18.9×10-3 min-1 for pH7, 13.8×10-3 min-1 for pH10. In addition,
destruction kinetic of metolachlor by NZVI was enhanced when
aluminium sulfate was added. The destruction kinetic rate were
20.4×10-3 min-1 for 0.05% Al(SO4)3 and 60×10-3 min-1 for 0.1%
Al(SO4)3.
Abstract: This paper addresses the problem of blind source separation
(BSS). To recover original signals, from linear instantaneous
mixtures, we propose a new contrast function based on the use of a
double referenced system. Our approach assumes statistical independence
sources. The reference vectors will be incrusted in the cumulant
to evaluate the independence. The estimation of the separating matrix
will be performed in two steps: whitening observations and joint
diagonalization of a set of referenced cumulant matrices. Computer
simulations are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the
suggested approach.
Abstract: In recent years, sustainable supply chain management
(SSCM) has been widely researched in academic domain. However,
due to the traditional operational role and the complexity of supply
chain management in the cement industry, a relatively small amount
of research has been conducted on cement supply chain simulation
integrated with sustainability criteria. This paper analyses the cement
supply chain operations using the Push-Pull supply chain
frameworks, the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology; and
proposal integration approach, proposes three supply chain scenarios
based on Make-To-Stock (MTS), Pack-To-Order (PTO) and Grind-
To-Order (GTO) strategies. A Discrete-Event Simulation (DES)
model of SSCM is constructed using Arena software to implement
the three-target scenarios. We conclude with the simulation results
that (GTO) is the optimal supply chain strategy that demonstrates the
best economic, ecological and social performance in the cement
industry.
Abstract: For smaller mechatronic device, especially for micro
Electronic system, a micro machining is a must. However, most
investigations on vibration of a mill have been limited to the
traditional type mill. In this article, vibration and dynamic
characteristics of a micro mill were investigated in this study. The
trend towards higher precision manufacturing technology requires
producing miniaturized components. To improve micro-milled
product quality, obtain a higher production rate and avoid milling
breakage, the dynamic characteristics of micro milling must be
studied. A stepped pre-twisted mill is used to simulate the micro mill.
The finite element analysis is employed in this work. The flute length
and diameter effects of the micro mill are considered. It is clear that
the effects of micro mill shape parameters on vibration in a micro mill
are significant.
Abstract: Because of increasing demands for security in today-s
society and also due to paying much more attention to machine
vision, biometric researches, pattern recognition and data retrieval in
color images, face detection has got more application. In this article
we present a scientific approach for modeling human skin color, and
also offer an algorithm that tries to detect faces within color images
by combination of skin features and determined threshold in the
model. Proposed model is based on statistical data in different color
spaces. Offered algorithm, using some specified color threshold, first,
divides image pixels into two groups: skin pixel group and non-skin
pixel group and then based on some geometric features of face
decides which area belongs to face.
Two main results that we received from this research are as follow:
first, proposed model can be applied easily on different databases and
color spaces to establish proper threshold. Second, our algorithm can
adapt itself with runtime condition and its results demonstrate
desirable progress in comparison with similar cases.
Abstract: This work is focused on the steady boundary layer flow
near the forward stagnation point of plane and axisymmetric bodies
towards a stretching sheet. The no slip condition on the solid
boundary is replaced by the partial slip condition. The analytical
solutions for the velocity distributions are obtained for the various
values of the ratio of free stream velocity and stretching velocity, slip
parameter, the suction and injection velocity parameter, magnetic
parameter and dimensionality index parameter in the series forms with
the help of homotopy analysis method (HAM). Convergence of the
series is explicitly discussed. Results show that the flow and the skin
friction coefficient depend heavily on the velocity slip factor. In
addition, the effects of all the parameters mentioned above were more
pronounced for plane flows than for axisymmetric flows.
Abstract: This paper presents a web based remote access
microcontroller laboratory. Because of accelerated development in
electronics and computer technologies, microcontroller-based devices
and appliances are found in all aspects of our daily life. Before the
implementation of remote access microcontroller laboratory an
experiment set is developed by teaching staff for training
microcontrollers. Requirement of technical teaching and industrial
applications are considered when experiment set is designed.
Students can make the experiments by connecting to the experiment
set which is connected to the computer that set as the web server. The
students can program the microcontroller, can control digital and
analog inputs and can observe experiment. Laboratory experiment
web page can be accessed via www.elab.aku.edu.tr address.
Abstract: The quantitative determination of several trace
elements (Cr, As, Se, Cd, Hg, Pb) existing as inorganic impurities in
some oriental herb-products such as Lingzhi Mushroom capsules,
Philamin powder, etc using ICP-MS has been studied. Various
instrumental parameters such as power, gas flow rate, sample depth, as
well as the concentration of nitric acid and thick background due to
high concentration of possible interferences on the determination of
these above-mentioned elements was investigated and the optimum
working conditions of the sample measurement on ICP-MS
(Agilent-7500a) were reported. Appropriate isotope internal standards
were also used to improve the accuracy of mercury determination.
Optimal parameters for sampling digestion were also investigated. The
recovery of analytical procedure was examined by using a Certified
Reference Material (IAEA-CRM 359). The recommended procedure
was then applied for the quantitative determination of Cr, As, Se, Cd,
Hg, Pb in Lingzhi Mushroom capsule, and Philamine powder samples.
The reproducibility of sample measurement (average value between
94 and 102%) and the uncertainty of analytical data (less than 20%)
are acceptable.
Abstract: End milling process is one of the common metal
cutting operations used for machining parts in manufacturing
industry. It is usually performed at the final stage in manufacturing a
product and surface roughness of the produced job plays an
important role. In general, the surface roughness affects wear
resistance, ductility, tensile, fatigue strength, etc., for machined parts
and cannot be neglected in design. In the present work an
experimental investigation of end milling of aluminium alloy with
carbide tool is carried out and the effect of different cutting
parameters on the response are studied with three-dimensional
surface plots. An artificial neural network (ANN) is used to establish
the relationship between the surface roughness and the input cutting
parameters (i.e., spindle speed, feed, and depth of cut). The Matlab
ANN toolbox works on feed forward back propagation algorithm is
used for modeling purpose. 3-12-1 network structure having
minimum average prediction error found as best network architecture
for predicting surface roughness value. The network predicts surface
roughness for unseen data and found that the result/prediction is
better. For desired surface finish of the component to be produced
there are many different combination of cutting parameters are
available. The optimum cutting parameter for obtaining desired
surface finish, to maximize tool life is predicted. The methodology is
demonstrated, number of problems are solved and algorithm is coded
in Matlab®.
Abstract: In this paper a unified approach via block-pulse functions (BPFs) or shifted Legendre polynomials (SLPs) is presented to solve the linear-quadratic-Gaussian (LQG) control problem. Also a recursive algorithm is proposed to solve the above problem via BPFs. By using the elegant operational properties of orthogonal functions (BPFs or SLPs) these computationally attractive algorithms are developed. To demonstrate the validity of the proposed approaches a numerical example is included.
Abstract: This study investigates the relationships between
Work Motivation, Work Stress, and Job Satisfaction toward
cross-strait employees. The target subjects are three
manufacturing firms in Mainland China and Taiwan. Out of 450
distributed surveys, 352 valid surveys were obtained with the
response rate of 78.22%.The findings have addressed three main
pull factors toward cross-strait employees in choosing jobs, which
are (1) high level of firm stability, (2) good firm image, and (3)
good employee benefits. In addition, various employee attributes
exert different impacts on Work Motivation, Work Stress, and
Job Satisfaction. The comparison between expected and actual
perceived Job Satisfaction toward cross-strait employees shows
that “salary" ranks highest regarding expected Job Satisfaction
whereas “co-worker relationship" ranks highest regarding actual
perceived Job Satisfaction, which implies actual perceived Job
Satisfaction do not match employee expectations. Therefore, this
research further concludes that there exists differences between
employees- expected and actual perceived Job Satisfaction.
Abstract: This paper presents an investigation into the design of a flight control system, using a robust sliding mode control structure, designed using the exact feedback linearization procedure of the dynamic of a small-size autonomous helicopter in hover. The robustness of the controller in the context of stabilization and trajectory tracking with respect to small body forces and air resistance on the main and tail rotor, is analytically proved using Lyapunov approach. Some simulation results are presented to illustrate the performance and robustness of such controller in the presence of small body forces and air resistance.
Abstract: Internet infrastructures in most places of the world
have been supported by the advancement of optical fiber technology,
most notably wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) system.
Optical technology by means of WDM system has revolutionized
long distance data transport and has resulted in high data capacity,
cost reductions, extremely low bit error rate, and operational
simplification of the overall Internet infrastructure. This paper
analyses and compares the system impairments, which occur at data
transmission rates of 2.5Gb/s and 10 Gb/s per wavelength channel in
our proposed optical WDM system for Internet infrastructure in
Tanzania. The results show that the data transmission rate of 2.5 Gb/s
has minimum system impairments compared with a rate of 10 Gb/s
per wavelength channel, and achieves a sufficient system
performance to provide a good Internet access service.
Abstract: The data presented in this work show that in Armenia
a rise of air temperature is expected in the season, and annual terms.
As a result of the noted increase in temperature, a significant growth
of vulnerability of the territory of Armenia in relation to malaria is
expected. Zoning by the risk of renewed malaria transmission has
been performed.
Abstract: Static Var Compensator (SVC) is a shunt type FACTS
device which is used in power system primarily for the purpose of
voltage and reactive power control. In this paper, a fuzzy logic based
supplementary controller for Static Var Compensator (SVC) is
developed which is used for damping the rotor angle oscillations and
to improve the transient stability of the power system. Generator
speed and the electrical power are chosen as input signals for the
Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC). The effectiveness and feasibility of
the proposed control is demonstrated with Single Machine Infinite
Bus (SMIB) system and multimachine system (WSCC System)
which show improvement over the use of a fixed parameter
controller.
Abstract: There are two types of drought as conceptual drought
and operational drought. The three parameters as the beginning, the
end and the degree of severity of the drought can be identifying in
operational drought by average precipitation in the whole region. One
of the methods classified to measure drought is Reconnaissance
Drought Index (RDI). Evapotranspiration is calculated using
Penman-Monteith method by analyzing thirty nine years prolong
climatic data. The evapotranspiration is then utilized in RDI to
classify normalized and standardized RDI. These RDI classifications
led to what kind of drought faced in Bhavnagar region on 12 month
time scale basis. The comparison between actual drought conditions
and RDI method used to find out drought are also illustrated. It can
be concluded that the index results of drought in a particular year are
same in both methods but having different index values where as
severity remain same.