Application of Nano-Zero Valent Iron for Treating Metolachlor in Aqueous Solution
Water, soil and sediment contaminated with
metolachlor poses a threat to the environment and human health.
We determined the effectiveness of nano-zerovalent iron (NZVI) to
dechlorinate metolachlor [2-chloro-n-(2-ethyl-6-methyl-phenyl)-n-
(1-methoxypropan-2-yl)acetamide] in pH solution and the presence
of aluminium salt. The optimum dosage of degradation of 100 mlL-1
metolachlor was 1% (w/v) NZVI. The degradation kinetic rate (kobs)
was 0.218×10-3 min-1 and specific first-order rates (kSA) was
8.72×10-7 L m-2min-1. By treating aqueous solutions of metolachlor
with NZVI, metolachlor destruction rate were increased as the pH
decrease from 10 to 4. Lowering solution pH removes Fe (III)
passivating layers from the NZVI and makes it free for reductive
transformations. Destruction kinetic rates were 20.8×10-3 min-1 for
pH4, 18.9×10-3 min-1 for pH7, 13.8×10-3 min-1 for pH10. In addition,
destruction kinetic of metolachlor by NZVI was enhanced when
aluminium sulfate was added. The destruction kinetic rate were
20.4×10-3 min-1 for 0.05% Al(SO4)3 and 60×10-3 min-1 for 0.1%
Al(SO4)3.
[1] L.R. Holden, and J.A. Graham, "Results of the National Alachlor Well
Water Survey," Journal of Environmental Science and Technology ,vol.
26, pp. 935-943, 1992.
[2] R. F. Spalding, M. E. Exner, D. D. Snow, D. A. Cassada, M. E. Burbach,
and S. J. Monson, "Herbicides in Ground Water beneath Nebraska-s
Management Systems Evaluation Area," Journal of Environmental
Quality, vol. 32, pp. 92-99, Feb. 2002.
[3] K.B. Gregory, P. Larese-Casanova, G.F. Parkin, and M.M. Scherer, "
Abiotic transformation of hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine by
Fe(ll) bound to magnetite," Journal of Environmental Science and
Technology, vol. 38, pp. 1408-1414, Jan. 2004.
[4] Y-P Sun, X. Li, J. Cao, W. Zhang, and H. P. Wang, "Characterization of
zero-valent iron nanoparticles," Journal of Advances in Colloid and
Interface Science, vol. 120, pp. 47-56, May. 2006.
[5] X-Q Li, D. W. Elliott, and W-X Zhang, "Zero-Valent Iron Nanoparticles
for Abatement of Environmental Pollutants: Materials and Engineering
Aspects," Journal of Critical Reviews in Solid State and Materials
Sciences, vol. 31, pp. 111-122, 2006.
[6] T. Johnson, M .M . Scherer, and P. Trantnyek, "Kinetics of halogenated
Organic Compound Degradation by Iron Metal," Journal of
Environmental Science and Technology, vol. 30, no. 8, pp. 2634-2640,
Jul. 1996.
[7] C-B Wang, and W-X Zhang, "Synthesizing Nanoscale Iron Particles for
Rapid and Complete Dechlorination of TCE and PCBs," Journal of
Environmental Science and Technology, vol. 31, no. 7, Jun. 1997.
[8] T. Satapanajaru, S.D. Comfort, and P.J. Shea, "Enhancing Metolachlor
Destruction Rates with Aluminum and Iron Salts during Zerovalent Iron
Treatment," Journal of Environmental Quality, vol. 32, pp. 1726-1734,
Sep. 2002.
[9] M.J. Alowitz and M.M. Scherer, "Kinetics of Nitrate, Nitrite, and Cr(VI)
Reduction by Iron Metal," Journal of Environmental Science and
Technology, vol. 36, no. 3, pp. 299-306, Jan. 2002.
[10] Y.H. Huang, T.C. Zhang, P.J. Shea, and S.D. Comfort, "Effects of Oxide
Coating and Selected Cations on Nitrate Reduction by Iron Metal
Journal of Environmental Quality, vol. 32, pp. 1306-1315, 2003.
[11] T . Satapanajaru, P.J. Shea, and S . Cmfort, "Green Rust and Iron Oxide
Formation Influences Metolachlor Dechlorination during Zerovalent
Iron Treatment," Journal of Environmetal Science and Technology, vol.
37, pp. 5219-5227 , Oct. 2003.
[12] T. Dombek, E. Dolan, J. Schultz, and D. Klarup, "Rapid reductive
dechlorination of atrazine by zero-valent iron under acidic conditions,"
Journal of Environmental Pollution, vol. 111, pp. 21-27, Dec. 1999.
[13] J. Farrell, M. Kason, N. Melitas, and T. Li, "Investigation of the Long-
Term Performance of Zero-Valent Iron for Reductive Dechlorination of
Trichloroethylene," Journal of Environmetal Science and Technology,
vol. 34, no. 3, pp. 514-521, Dec. 1999.
[14] U. Schwertman and R.M. Cornell, Iron oxides in the laboratory,
New York: VCH Publication, 1991.
[15] E.J. Reardon, "Anaerobic Corrosion of Granular Iron: Measurement and
Interpretation of Hydrogen Evolution Rates," Journal of Environmental
Science and Technology, vol. 29, pp. 2936-2945, Oct. 1995.
[16] B. Gu , T.J. Phelps, L. Liang, M.J. Dickey, Y. Roh, B.L. Kinsall, A.V.
Palumbo, and G.K . Jacobs, "Biogeochemical Dynamics in Zero-Valent
Iron Columns:Implications for Permeable Reactive Barriers," Journal of
Environmental Science and Technology, vol. 33, pp. 2170-2177, Nov.
1999.
[1] L.R. Holden, and J.A. Graham, "Results of the National Alachlor Well
Water Survey," Journal of Environmental Science and Technology ,vol.
26, pp. 935-943, 1992.
[2] R. F. Spalding, M. E. Exner, D. D. Snow, D. A. Cassada, M. E. Burbach,
and S. J. Monson, "Herbicides in Ground Water beneath Nebraska-s
Management Systems Evaluation Area," Journal of Environmental
Quality, vol. 32, pp. 92-99, Feb. 2002.
[3] K.B. Gregory, P. Larese-Casanova, G.F. Parkin, and M.M. Scherer, "
Abiotic transformation of hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine by
Fe(ll) bound to magnetite," Journal of Environmental Science and
Technology, vol. 38, pp. 1408-1414, Jan. 2004.
[4] Y-P Sun, X. Li, J. Cao, W. Zhang, and H. P. Wang, "Characterization of
zero-valent iron nanoparticles," Journal of Advances in Colloid and
Interface Science, vol. 120, pp. 47-56, May. 2006.
[5] X-Q Li, D. W. Elliott, and W-X Zhang, "Zero-Valent Iron Nanoparticles
for Abatement of Environmental Pollutants: Materials and Engineering
Aspects," Journal of Critical Reviews in Solid State and Materials
Sciences, vol. 31, pp. 111-122, 2006.
[6] T. Johnson, M .M . Scherer, and P. Trantnyek, "Kinetics of halogenated
Organic Compound Degradation by Iron Metal," Journal of
Environmental Science and Technology, vol. 30, no. 8, pp. 2634-2640,
Jul. 1996.
[7] C-B Wang, and W-X Zhang, "Synthesizing Nanoscale Iron Particles for
Rapid and Complete Dechlorination of TCE and PCBs," Journal of
Environmental Science and Technology, vol. 31, no. 7, Jun. 1997.
[8] T. Satapanajaru, S.D. Comfort, and P.J. Shea, "Enhancing Metolachlor
Destruction Rates with Aluminum and Iron Salts during Zerovalent Iron
Treatment," Journal of Environmental Quality, vol. 32, pp. 1726-1734,
Sep. 2002.
[9] M.J. Alowitz and M.M. Scherer, "Kinetics of Nitrate, Nitrite, and Cr(VI)
Reduction by Iron Metal," Journal of Environmental Science and
Technology, vol. 36, no. 3, pp. 299-306, Jan. 2002.
[10] Y.H. Huang, T.C. Zhang, P.J. Shea, and S.D. Comfort, "Effects of Oxide
Coating and Selected Cations on Nitrate Reduction by Iron Metal
Journal of Environmental Quality, vol. 32, pp. 1306-1315, 2003.
[11] T . Satapanajaru, P.J. Shea, and S . Cmfort, "Green Rust and Iron Oxide
Formation Influences Metolachlor Dechlorination during Zerovalent
Iron Treatment," Journal of Environmetal Science and Technology, vol.
37, pp. 5219-5227 , Oct. 2003.
[12] T. Dombek, E. Dolan, J. Schultz, and D. Klarup, "Rapid reductive
dechlorination of atrazine by zero-valent iron under acidic conditions,"
Journal of Environmental Pollution, vol. 111, pp. 21-27, Dec. 1999.
[13] J. Farrell, M. Kason, N. Melitas, and T. Li, "Investigation of the Long-
Term Performance of Zero-Valent Iron for Reductive Dechlorination of
Trichloroethylene," Journal of Environmetal Science and Technology,
vol. 34, no. 3, pp. 514-521, Dec. 1999.
[14] U. Schwertman and R.M. Cornell, Iron oxides in the laboratory,
New York: VCH Publication, 1991.
[15] E.J. Reardon, "Anaerobic Corrosion of Granular Iron: Measurement and
Interpretation of Hydrogen Evolution Rates," Journal of Environmental
Science and Technology, vol. 29, pp. 2936-2945, Oct. 1995.
[16] B. Gu , T.J. Phelps, L. Liang, M.J. Dickey, Y. Roh, B.L. Kinsall, A.V.
Palumbo, and G.K . Jacobs, "Biogeochemical Dynamics in Zero-Valent
Iron Columns:Implications for Permeable Reactive Barriers," Journal of
Environmental Science and Technology, vol. 33, pp. 2170-2177, Nov.
1999.
@article{"International Journal of Earth, Energy and Environmental Sciences:55716", author = "P. Suntornchot and T. Satapanajaru and S.D. Comfort", title = "Application of Nano-Zero Valent Iron for Treating Metolachlor in Aqueous Solution", abstract = "Water, soil and sediment contaminated with
metolachlor poses a threat to the environment and human health.
We determined the effectiveness of nano-zerovalent iron (NZVI) to
dechlorinate metolachlor [2-chloro-n-(2-ethyl-6-methyl-phenyl)-n-
(1-methoxypropan-2-yl)acetamide] in pH solution and the presence
of aluminium salt. The optimum dosage of degradation of 100 mlL-1
metolachlor was 1% (w/v) NZVI. The degradation kinetic rate (kobs)
was 0.218×10-3 min-1 and specific first-order rates (kSA) was
8.72×10-7 L m-2min-1. By treating aqueous solutions of metolachlor
with NZVI, metolachlor destruction rate were increased as the pH
decrease from 10 to 4. Lowering solution pH removes Fe (III)
passivating layers from the NZVI and makes it free for reductive
transformations. Destruction kinetic rates were 20.8×10-3 min-1 for
pH4, 18.9×10-3 min-1 for pH7, 13.8×10-3 min-1 for pH10. In addition,
destruction kinetic of metolachlor by NZVI was enhanced when
aluminium sulfate was added. The destruction kinetic rate were
20.4×10-3 min-1 for 0.05% Al(SO4)3 and 60×10-3 min-1 for 0.1%
Al(SO4)3.", keywords = "destruction, kinetic rate, metolachlor,nano-zerovalent iron", volume = "4", number = "12", pages = "658-4", }
