Abstract: The purpose of this work is to establish the theoretical
foundations for calculating and designing the sublimationcondensation
processes in chemical apparatuses which are intended
for production of ultrafine powders of crystalline and amorphous
materials with controlled fractional composition. Theoretic analysis
of the primary processes of nucleation and growth kinetics of the
clusters according to the degree of super-saturation and the
homogeneous or heterogeneous nature of nucleation has been carried
out. The engineering design procedures of desublimation processes
have been offered and tested for modification of the Claus process.
Abstract: Background: Regular physical activity contributes
positively to physical and psychological health. In the present study,
the stages of change of physical activity and the total physical
Aims: The aim of this study was to investigate the proportion of
adolescent girls in each stages of change and the causative factors
associated with physical activity such as the related social support
and self efficacy in a sample of the high school students.
Methods: In this study, Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) and the
Transtheorical Model (TTM) guided instrument development. The
data regarding the demographics, psychosocial determinants of
physical activity, stage of change and physical activity was gathered
by questionnaires. Several measures of psychosocial determinants of
physical activity were translated from English into Persian using the
back-translation technique. These translated measures were
administered to 512 ninth and tenth-grade Iranian high school
students for factor analysis.
Results: The distribution of the stage of change for physical activity
was as follow: 18/5% in precontemplation, 23.4% in contemplation,
38.2% in preparation, 4.6% in action and 15.3% in maintenance.
They were in 80.1% pre-adoption stages (precontemplation stage,
contemplation stage and preparation stage) and 19.9% post-adoption
stages (action stage and maintenance stage) of physical activity.
There was a significant relate between age and physical activity in
adolescent girls (age-related decline of physical activity) p
Abstract: Multivariate quality control charts show some advantages to monitor several variables in comparison with the simultaneous use of univariate charts, nevertheless, there are some disadvantages. The main problem is how to interpret the out-ofcontrol signal of a multivariate chart. For example, in the case of control charts designed to monitor the mean vector, the chart signals showing that it must be accepted that there is a shift in the vector, but no indication is given about the variables that have produced this shift. The MEWMA quality control chart is a very powerful scheme to detect small shifts in the mean vector. There are no previous specific works about the interpretation of the out-of-control signal of this chart. In this paper neural networks are designed to interpret the out-of-control signal of the MEWMA chart, and the percentage of correct classifications is studied for different cases.
Abstract: Tanzania secondary schools in rural areas are geographically and socially isolated, hence face a number of problems in getting learning materials resulting in poor performance in National examinations. E-learning as defined to be the use of information and communication technology (ICT) for supporting the educational processes has motivated Tanzania to apply ICT in its education system. There has been effort to improve secondary school education using ICT through several projects. ICT for e-learning to Tanzania rural secondary school is one of the research projects conceived by the University of Dar-es-Salaam through its College of Engineering and Technology. The main objective of the project is to develop a tool to enable ICT support rural secondary school. The project is comprehensive with a number of components, one being development of e-learning management system (e-LMS) for Tanzania secondary schools. This paper presents strategies of developing e-LMS. It shows the importance of integrating action research methodology with the modeling methods as presented by model driven architecture (MDA) and the usefulness of Unified Modeling Language (UML) on the issue of modeling. The benefit of MDA will go along with the development based on software development life cycle (SDLC) process, from analysis and requirement phase through design and implementation stages as employed by object oriented system analysis and design approach. The paper also explains the employment of open source code reuse from open source learning platforms for the context sensitive development of the e-LMS for Tanzania secondary schools.
Abstract: To develop a process of extracting pixel values over the using of satellite remote sensing image data in Thailand. It is a very important and effective method of forecasting rainfall. This paper presents an approach for forecasting a possible rainfall area based on pixel values from remote sensing satellite images. First, a method uses an automatic extraction process of the pixel value data from the satellite image sequence. Then, a data process is designed to enable the inference of correlations between pixel value and possible rainfall occurrences. The result, when we have a high averaged pixel value of daily water vapor data, we will also have a high amount of daily rainfall. This suggests that the amount of averaged pixel values can be used as an indicator of raining events. There are some positive associations between pixel values of daily water vapor images and the amount of daily rainfall at each rain-gauge station throughout Thailand. The proposed approach was proven to be a helpful manual for rainfall forecasting from meteorologists by which using automated analyzing and interpreting process of meteorological remote sensing data.
Abstract: The sequence Analyze, Design, Develop, Implement, and Evaluate (ADDIE) provides a powerful methodology for designing computer-based educational materials. Helping students to understand this design process sequence may be achieved by providing them with direct, guided experience. This article examines such help and guidance and the overall learning process from a student-s personal experience.
Abstract: In this work we present the modelling of the induction
machine, taking into consideration the stator defects of the induction
machine. It is based on the theory of electromagnetic coupling of
electrical circuits. In fact, for the modelling of stationary defects such
as short circuit between turns in the same phase, we introduce only
in the matrix the coefficients of resistance and inductance of stator
and in the mutual inductance stator-rotor. These coefficients take
account the number of turns in short-circuit deducted from the total
number of turns in the same phase; in this way we obtain the number
of useful turns. In addition, all these faults involved, will be used for
the creation of the database that will be used to develop an automated
system failures of the induction machine.
Abstract: Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship (QSAR)
approach for discovering novel more active Calanone derivative as
anti-leukemia compound has been conducted. There are 6
experimental activities of Calanone compounds against leukemia cell
L1210 that are used as material of the research. Calculation of
theoretical predictors (independent variables) was performed by
AM1 semiempirical method. The QSAR equation is determined by
Principle Component Regression (PCR) analysis, with Log IC50 as
dependent variable and the independent variables are atomic net
charges, dipole moment (μ), and coefficient partition of noctanol/
water (Log P). Three novel Calanone derivatives that
obtained by this research have higher activity against leukemia cell
L1210 than pure Calanone.
Abstract: Machine-understandable data when strongly
interlinked constitutes the basis for the SemanticWeb. Annotating
web documents is one of the major techniques for creating metadata
on the Web. Annotating websites defines the containing data in a
form which is suitable for interpretation by machines. In this paper,
we present a new approach to annotate websites and documents by
promoting the abstraction level of the annotation process to a
conceptual level. By this means, we hope to solve some of the
problems of the current annotation solutions.
Abstract: This paper presents a digital engineering library – the
Digital Mechanism and Gear Library, DMG-Lib – providing a multimedia collection of e-books, pictures, videos and animations in the domain of mechanisms and machines. The specific characteristic
about DMG-Lib is the enrichment and cross-linking of the different
sources. DMG-Lib e-books not only present pages as pixel images
but also selected figures augmented with interactive animations. The
presentation of animations in e-books increases the clearness of the
information.
To present the multimedia e-books and make them available in the
DMG-Lib internet portal a special e-book reader called StreamBook
was developed for optimal presentation of digitized books and to
enable reading the e-books as well as working efficiently and individually with the enriched information. The objective is to support different user tasks ranging from information retrieval to
development and design of mechanisms.
Abstract: A compact 1x3 power splitter based on Photonic
Crystal Waveguides (PCW) with flexible power splitting ratio is
presented in this paper. Multimode interference coupler (MMI) is
integrated with PCW. The device size reduction compared with the
conventional MMI power splitter is attributed to the large dispersion
of the PCW. Band Solve tool is used to calculate the band structure of
PCW. Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) method is adopted to
simulate the relevant structure at 1550nm wavelength. The device is
polarization insensitive and allows the control of output (o/p) powers
within certain percentage points for both polarizations.
Abstract: In this study, the transesterification of palm oil with methanol for biodiesel production was studied by using CaO–ZnO as a heterogeneous base catalyst prepared by incipient-wetness impregnation (IWI) and co-precipitation (CP) methods. The reaction parameters considered were molar ratio of methanol to oil, amount of catalyst, reaction temperature, and reaction time. The optimum conditions–15:1 molar ratio of methanol to oil, a catalyst amount of 6 wt%, reaction temperature of 60 °C, and reaction time of 8 h–were observed. The effects of Ca loading, calcination temperature, and catalyst preparation on the catalytic performance were studied. The fresh and spent catalysts were characterized by several techniques, including XRD, TPR, and XRF.
Abstract: The two cart inverted pendulum system is a good
bench mark for testing the performance of system dynamics and
control engineering principles. Devasia introduced this system to
study the asymptotic tracking problem for nonlinear systems. In this
paper the problem of asymptotic tracking of the two-cart with an
inverted-pendulum system to a sinusoidal reference inputs via
introducing a novel method for solving finite-horizon nonlinear
optimal control problems is presented. In this method, an iterative
method applied to state dependent Riccati equation (SDRE) to obtain
a reliable algorithm. The superiority of this technique has been shown
by simulation and comparison with the nonlinear approach.
Abstract: The use of computer hardware and software in
education and training dates to the early 1940s, when American
researchers developed flight simulators which used analog computers
to generate simulated onboard instrument data.Computer software is
widely used to help engineers and undergraduate student solve their
problems quickly and more accurately. This paper presents the list of
computer software in geotechnical engineering.
Abstract: The application of agro-industrial waste in Aluminum
Metal Matrix Composites has been getting more attention as they
can reinforce particles in metal matrix which enhance the strength
properties of the composites. In addition, by applying these agroindustrial
wastes in useful way not only save the manufacturing cost
of products but also reduce the pollutions on environment. This
paper represents a literature review on a range of industrial wastes
and their utilization in metal matrix composites. The paper describes
the synthesis methods of agro-industrial waste filled metal matrix
composite materials and their mechanical, wear, corrosion, and
physical properties. It also highlights the current application and
future potential of agro-industrial waste reinforced composites in
aerospace, automotive and other construction industries.
Abstract: The selection of appropriate requirements for product
releases can make a big difference in a product success. The selection
of requirements is done by different requirements prioritization
techniques. These techniques are based on pre-defined and
systematic steps to calculate the requirements relative weight.
Prioritization is complicated by new development settings, shifting
from traditional co-located development to geographically distributed
development. Stakeholders, connected to a project, are distributed all
over the world. These geographically distributions of stakeholders
make it hard to prioritize requirements as each stakeholder have their
own perception and expectations of the requirements in a software
project. This paper discusses limitations of the Analytical Hierarchy
Process with respect to geographically distributed stakeholders-
(GDS) prioritization of requirements. This paper also provides a
solution, in the form of a modified AHP, in order to prioritize
requirements for GDS. We will conduct two experiments in this
paper and will analyze the results in order to discuss AHP limitations
with respect to GDS. The modified AHP variant is also validated in
this paper.
Abstract: The minimal condition for symmetry breaking in morphogenesis of cellular population was investigated using cellular automata based on reaction-diffusion dynamics. In particular, the study looked for the possibility of the emergence of branching structures due to mechanical interactions. The model used two types of cells an external gradient. The results showed that the external gradient influenced movement of cell type-I, also revealed that clusters formed by cells type-II worked as barrier to movement of cells type-I.
Abstract: Since 1991 Ethiopia has officially adopted multi-party democracy. At present, there are 89 registered political parties in the country. Though political parties play an important role in the functioning of a democratic government, how to fund them is an issue of major concern. Political parties and individual candidates running for political office have to raise funds for election campaigns, and to survive as political candidates. The aim of this paper is to examine party funding problems in Africa by taking the case of Ethiopia as an example. The paper also evaluates the motives of local and international donors in giving financial and material support to political parties in emerging democracies and assesses the merits and de-merits of their donations.
Abstract: The iron loss is a source of detuning in vector controlled
induction motor drives if the classical rotor vector controller is used for
decoupling. In fact, the field orientation will not be satisfied and the
output torque will not truck the reference torque mostly used by Loss
Model Controllers (LMCs). In addition, this component of loss, among
others, may be excessive if the vector controlled induction motor is
driving light loads. In this paper, the series iron loss model is used to
develop a vector controller immune to iron loss effect and then an LMC
to minimize the total power loss using the torque generated by the speed
controller.
Abstract: Phytotoxicity of Daphne gnidium L. was evaluated
through the effect of incorporating leaves, stems and roots biomass
into soil (at 12.5, 25, 50g/Kg) and irrigation by their aqueous extracts
(50g/L), on the growth of two crops (Lactuca sativa L. and Raphanus
sativus L.) and two weeds (Peaganum harmala L. and Scolymus
maculatus L.). Results revealed a perceptible phytotoxic effect which
increased with dose and concentration. At the highest dose, roots and
leaves residues was the most toxic and caused total inhibition
respectively, for lettuce and thistle seedling growth. Irrigation with
aqueous extracts of D. gnidium different organs decreased also
seedlings length of all test species. Stems extract was more inhibitor
on thistle than peganum seedling growth; it induced a significant
reduction of 80% and 67%, for, respectively, roots and shoots.
Results of the present study suggest that different organs of D.
gnidium could be exploited in the management of agro-ecosystems.