Abstract: An analysis is performed to study the influence of nonuniform double slot suction on a steady laminar boundary layer flow over a rotating sphere when fluid properties such as viscosity and Prandtl number are inverse linear functions of temperature. Nonsimilar solutions have been obtained from the starting point of the streamwise co-ordinate to the exact point of separation. The difficulties arising at the starting point of the streamwise co-ordinate, at the edges of the slot and at the point of separation have been overcome by applying an implicit finite difference scheme in combination with the quasi-linearization technique and an appropriate selection of the finer step sizes along the stream-wise direction. The present investigation shows that the point of ordinary separation can be delayed by nonuniform double slot suction if the mass transfer rate is increased and also if the slots are positioned further downstream. In addition, the investigation reveals that double slot suction is found to be more effective compared to a single slot suction in delaying ordinary separation. As rotation parameter increase the point of separation moves upstream direction.
Abstract: This paper present a MATLAB-SIMULINK model of a single phase 2.5 KVA, 240V RMS controlled PV VSI (Photovoltaic Voltage Source Inverter) inverter using IGBTs (Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor). The behavior of output voltage, output current, and the total harmonic distortion (THD), with the variation in input dc blocking capacitor (Cdc), for linear and non-linear load has been analyzed. The values of Cdc as suggested by the other authors in their papers are not clearly defined and it poses difficulty in selecting the proper value. As the dc power stored in Cdc, (generally placed parallel with battery) is used as input to the VSI inverter. The simulation results shows the variation in the output voltage and current with different values of Cdc for linear and non-linear load connected at the output side of PV VSI inverter and suggest the selection of suitable value of Cdc.
Abstract: This paper investigates the spatial structure of employment in the Jakarta Metropolitan Area (JMA), with reference to the concept of the Southeast Asian extended metropolitan region (EMR). A combination of factor analysis and local Getis-Ord (Gi*) hot-spot analysis is used to identify clusters of employment in the region, including those of the urban and agriculture sectors. Spatial statistical analysis is further used to probe the spatial association of identified employment clusters with their surroundings on several dimensions, including the spatial association between the central business district (CBD) in Jakarta city on employment density in the region, the spatial impacts of urban expansion on population growth and the degree of urban-rural interaction. The degree of spatial interaction for the whole JMA is measured by the patterns of commuting trips destined to the various employment clusters. Results reveal the strong role of the urban core of Jakarta, and the regional CBD, as the centre for mixed job sectors such as retail, wholesale, services and finance. Manufacturing and local government services, on the other hand, form corridors radiating out of the urban core, reaching out to the agriculture zones in the fringes. Strong associations between the urban expansion corridors and population growth, and urban-rural mix, are revealed particularly in the eastern and western parts of JMA. Metropolitan wide commuting patterns are focussed on the urban core of Jakarta and the CBD, while relatively local commuting patterns are shown to be prevalent for the employment corridors.
Abstract: Not only is municipal pattern the institution basement of urban management, but it also determines the forms of the management results. There-s a considerable possibility of bankruptcy for China-s current municipal pattern as it-s an overdraft of land deal in fact. Based on the analysis of China-s current municipal pattern, the passage proposed an assumption of a new pattern verified legitimacy by conceptual as well as econometric models. Conclusion is: the added supernumerary value of investment in public goods was not included in China-s current municipal pattern, but hidden in the rising housing prices; we should set housing tax or municipal tax to optimize the municipal pattern, to correct the behavior of local governments and to ensure the regular development of China-s urbanization.
Abstract: A numerical simulation of micro Poiseuille flow has
performed for rarefied and compressible flow at slip flow regimes.
The wall roughness is simulated in two cases with triangular
microelements and random micro peaks distributed on wall surfaces
to study the effects of roughness shape and distribution on flow field.
Two values of Mach and Knudsen numbers have used to investigate
the effects of rarefaction as well as compressibility. The numerical
results have also checked with available theoretical and experimental
relations and good agreements has achieved. High influence of
roughness shape can be seen for both compressible and
incompressible rarefied flows. In addition it is found that rarefaction
has more significant effect on flow field in microchannels with
higher relative roughness. It is also found that compressibility has
more significant effects on Poiseuille number when relative
roughness increases.
Abstract: In this paper, we have proposed a Haar wavelet quasilinearization
method to solve the well known Blasius equation. The
method is based on the uniform Haar wavelet operational matrix
defined over the interval [0, 1]. In this method, we have proposed the
transformation for converting the problem on a fixed computational
domain. The Blasius equation arises in the various boundary layer
problems of hydrodynamics and in fluid mechanics of laminar
viscous flows. Quasi-linearization is iterative process but our
proposed technique gives excellent numerical results with quasilinearization
for solving nonlinear differential equations without any
iteration on selecting collocation points by Haar wavelets. We have
solved Blasius equation for 1≤α ≤ 2 and the numerical results are
compared with the available results in literature. Finally, we
conclude that proposed method is a promising tool for solving the
well known nonlinear Blasius equation.
Abstract: This paper presents kinematic and dynamic analysis of a novel 8-DOF hybrid robot manipulator. The hybrid robot manipulator under consideration consists of a parallel robot which
is followed by a serial mechanism. The parallel mechanism has three translational DOF, and the serial mechanism has five DOF so that the overall degree of freedom is eight. The introduced
manipulator has a wide workspace and a high capability to reduce
the actuating energy. The inverse and forward kinematic solutions are described in closed form. The theoretical results are verified by
a numerical example. Inverse dynamic analysis of the robot is presented by utilizing the Iterative Newton-Euler and Lagrange dynamic formulation methods. Finally, for performing a multi-step
arc welding process, results have indicated that the introduced manipulator is highly capable of reducing the actuating energy.
Abstract: Algae-based fuel are considered a promising sources
of clean energy, and because it has many advantages over traditional
biofuel, research and business ventures have driven into developing
and producing Algal-biofuel. But its production stages create a cost
structure that it is not competitive with traditional fuels. Therefore,
cost becomes the main obstacle in commercial production purpose.
However, the present research which aims at using cost structure
model, and designed MS-Dose program, to investigate the a mount of
production cost and determined the parameter had great effect on it,
second to measured the amount of contribution rate of algae in
process the pollution by capturing Co2 from air . The result generated
from the model shows that the production cost of biomass is between
$0.137 /kg for 100 ha and $0.132 /kg for 500 ha which was less than
cost of other studies, while gallon costs between $3.4 - 3.5, more
than traditional sources of oil about $1 ,which regarded as a rate of
contribution of algal in capturing CO2 from air.
Abstract: This article makes and attempt to disclose the
dynamics of development of social interactions in an aggravated
environment in relation to the distinctive features of religious wars
and their negative impact to the society. Crisis situations that took
place in all spheres of social life are described, on the grounds of
which the author comes to specific conclusions.
Abstract: Property investment in the real estate industry has a
high risk due to the uncertainty factors that will affect the decisions
made and high cost. Analytic hierarchy process has existed for some
time in which referred to an expert-s opinion to measure the
uncertainty of the risk factors for the risk analysis. Therefore,
different level of experts- experiences will create different opinion
and lead to the conflict among the experts in the field. The objective
of this paper is to propose a new technique to measure the uncertainty
of the risk factors based on multidimensional data model and data
mining techniques as deterministic approach. The propose technique
consist of a basic framework which includes four modules: user,
technology, end-user access tools and applications. The property
investment risk analysis defines as a micro level analysis as the
features of the property will be considered in the analysis in this
paper.
Abstract: At the present, auto part industries have become higher challenge in strategy market. As this consequence, manufacturers need to have better response to customers in terms of quality, cost, and delivery time. Moreover, they need to have a good management in factory to comply with international standard maximum capacity and lower cost. This would lead companies to have to order standard part from aboard and become the major cost of inventory. The development of auto part research by recycling materials experiment is to compare the auto parts from recycle materials to international auto parts (CKD). Factors studied in this research were the recycle material ratios of PU-foam, felt, and fabric. Results of recycling materials were considered in terms of qualities and properties on the parameters such as weight, sound absorption, water absorption, tensile strength, elongation, and heat resistance with the CKD. The results were showed that recycling materials would be used to replace for the CKD.
Abstract: We have developed a distributed asynchronous Web
based training system. In order to improve the scalability and robustness
of this system, all contents and a function are realized on
mobile agents. These agents are distributed to computers, and they
can use a Peer to Peer network that modified Content-Addressable
Network. In this system, all computers offer the function and exercise
by themselves. However, the system that all computers do the same
behavior is not realistic. In this paper, as a solution of this issue,
we present an e-Learning system that is composed of computers
of different participation types. Enabling the computer of different
participation types will improve the convenience of the system.
Abstract: The aim of our work is to study phase composition,
particle size and magnetic response of Fe2O3/TiO2 nanocomposites
with respect to the final annealing temperature. Those nanomaterials
are considered as smart catalysts, separable from a liquid/gaseous
phase by applied magnetic field. The starting product was obtained
by an ecologically acceptable route, based on heterogeneous
precipitation of the TiO2 on modified g-Fe2O3 nanocrystals dispersed
in water. The precursor was subsequently annealed on air at
temperatures ranging from 200 oC to 900 oC. The samples were
investigated by synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction (S-PXRD),
magnetic measurements and Mössbauer spectroscopy. As evidenced
by S-PXRD and Mössbauer spectroscopy, increasing the annealing
temperature causes evolution of the phase composition from
anatase/maghemite to rutile/hematite, finally above 700 oC the
pseudobrookite (Fe2TiO5) also forms. The apparent particle size of
the various Fe2O3/TiO2 phases has been determined from the highquality
S-PXRD data by using two different approaches: the Rietveld
refinement and the Debye method. Magnetic response of the samples
is discussed in considering the phase composition and the particle
size.
Abstract: The study was conducted to investigate the profile of
hepatitis in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, and to determine which age
group hepatitis viruses most commonly infect. The epidemiology of
viral hepatitis in Saudi Arabia has undergone major changes,
concurrent with major socioeconomic developments over the last two
to three decades. This disease represents a major public health
problem in Saudi Arabia resulting in the need for considerable
healthcare resources. A retrospective cross sectional analysis of the
reported cases of viral hepatitis was conducted based on the reports
of The Ministry of Health in Saudi Arabia about Hepatitis A, B and C
infections in all regions from the period of January 2006 to December
2010. The study demonstrated that incidence of viral Hepatitis is
decreasing, except for Hepatitis B that showed minimal increase. Of
hepatitis A, B, and C, Hepatitis B virus (HBV) was the most
predominant type, accounting for (53%) of the cases, followed by
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) (30%) and HAV (17%). HAV infection
predominates in children (5–14 years) with 60% of viral hepatitis
cases, HBV in young adults (15–44 years) with 69% of viral hepatitis
cases, and HCV in older adults (>45 years) with 59% of viral
hepatitis cases. Despite significant changes in the prevalence of viral
hepatitis A, B and C, it remains a major public health problem in
Saudi Arabia; however, it showed a significant decline in the last two
decades that could be attributed to the vaccination programs and the
improved health facilities. Further researches are needed to identify
the risk factors making a specific age group or a specific region in
Saudi Arabia targeted for a specific type of hepatitis viruses.
Abstract: This paper has been investigated a technique that predicts the performance of a bar-type unimorph piezoelectric vibration actuator depending on the frequency. This paper has been proposed an equivalent circuit that can be easily analyzed for the bar-type unimorph piezoelectric vibration actuator. In the dynamic analysis, rigidity and resonance frequency, which are important mechanical elements, were derived using the basic beam theory. In the equivalent circuit analysis, the displacement and bandwidth of the piezoelectric vibration actuator depending on the frequency were predicted. Also, for the reliability of the derived equations, the predicted performance depending on the shape change was compared with the result of a finite element analysis program.
Abstract: This paper presents a dynamic adaptation scheme for
the frequency of inter-deme migration in distributed genetic algorithms
(GA), and its VLSI hardware design. Distributed GA,
or multi-deme-based GA, uses multiple populations which evolve
concurrently. The purpose of dynamic adaptation is to improve
convergence performance so as to obtain better solutions. Through
simulation experiments, we proved that our scheme achieves better
performance than fixed frequency migration schemes.
Abstract: As the increase of intraoral acidity due to ingestion of sweet foods and acidic beverages usually bring forth a dental caries and a erosion, the measurement of intraoral pH is essential in the study of oral environment. The indwelling intraoral pH telemetry for lasting longer than 24 hours in the mouth was developed to overcome the limits of conventional wire electrode method previously used for salivary and plaque pH measurement, and to assess its effectiveness.
Abstract: This paper presents the use of anti-sway angle control
approaches for a two-dimensional gantry crane with disturbances
effect in the dynamic system. Delayed feedback signal (DFS) and
proportional-derivative (PD)-type fuzzy logic controller are the
techniques used in this investigation to actively control the sway
angle of the rope of gantry crane system. A nonlinear overhead
gantry crane system is considered and the dynamic model of the
system is derived using the Euler-Lagrange formulation. A complete
analysis of simulation results for each technique is presented in time
domain and frequency domain respectively. Performances of both
controllers are examined in terms of sway angle suppression and
disturbances cancellation. Finally, a comparative assessment of the
impact of each controller on the system performance is presented and
discussed.
Abstract: Undular hydraulic jumps are illustrated by a smooth
rise of the free surface followed by a train of stationary waves. They
are sometimes experienced in natural waterways and rivers. The
characteristics of undular hydraulic jumps are studied here. The
height, amplitude and the main characteristics of undular jump is
depended on the upstream Froude number and aspect ratio. The
experiments were done on the smooth bed flume. These results
compared with other researches and the main characteristics of the
undular hydraulic jump were studied in this article.
Abstract: Since injection engines have a considerable portion, in
consumption of energy and environmental pollution, using an
alternative source of energy with lower pollutant effects in this
regard is necessary.
Biodiesel fuel is a suitable alternative for gasoline in diesel
engines.
In this research the property of biodiesel, the function and the
pollution effects of diesel engine, when using 100% biodiesel, using
100% gasoline and mixing ratio of both fuels for comparing them,
have been investigated.
The researches have shown, using biodiesel fuel in prevalent
diesel engine, will reduce the pollutants such as Co, half burned
carbohydrate and suspended particles and a little increase in
oxidation will achieve while power consumption, particularly fuel
and thermal efficiency of diesel fuel has the same.