Abstract: Intermittent aeration process can be easily applied on
the existing activated sludge system and is highly reliable against the loading changes. It can be operated in a relatively simple way as well.
Since the moving-bed biofilm reactor method processes pollutants by attaching and securing the microorganisms on the media, the process
efficiency can be higher compared to the suspended growth biological
treatment process, and can reduce the return of sludge. In this study,
the existing intermittent aeration process with alternating flow being
applied on the oxidation ditch is applied on the continuous flow stirred tank reactor with advantages from both processes, and we would like
to develop the process to significantly reduce the return of sludge in the clarifier and to secure the reliable quality of treated water by
adding the moving media. Corresponding process has the appropriate
form as an infrastructure based on u- environment in future u- City and
is expected to accelerate the implementation of u-Eco city in conjunction with city based services. The system being conducted in a
laboratory scale has been operated in HRT 8hours except for the final
clarifier and showed the removal efficiency of 97.7 %, 73.1 % and 9.4
% in organic matters, TN and TP, respectively with operating range of
4hour cycle on system SRT 10days. After adding the media, the removal efficiency of phosphorus showed a similar level compared to
that before the addition, but the removal efficiency of nitrogen was
improved by 7~10 %. In addition, the solids which were maintained in
MLSS 1200~1400 at 25 % of media packing were attached all onto the
media, which produced no sludge entering the clarifier. Therefore, the
return of sludge is not needed any longer.
Abstract: Analysis of reciprocating equipment piston rod leads
to nonlinear elastic-plastic deformation analysis of rod with initial
imperfection under axial dynamic load. In this paper a new and
effective model and analytical formulations are presented to evaluate
dynamic deformation and elastic-plastic stresses of reciprocating
machine piston rod. This new method has capability to account for
geometric nonlinearity, elastic-plastic deformation and dynamic
effects. Proposed method can be used for evaluation of piston rod
performance for various reciprocating machines under different
operation situations. Rod load curves and maximum allowable rod
load are calculated with presented method for a refinery type
reciprocating compressor. Useful recommendations and guidelines
for rod load, rod load reversal and rod drop monitoring are also
addressed.
Abstract: This study investigates the roles of knowledge
acquisition, absorptive capacity, and innovation capability in finance
and manufacturing industries. With 362 valid questionnaires from
manufactures and financial industries in Taiwan, we examine the
relationships between absorptive capacity, knowledge acquisition and
innovation capability using a structural equation model. The results
indicate that absorptive capacity is the mediator between knowledge
acquisition and innovation capability, and that knowledge acquisition
has a positive effect on absorptive capacity.
Abstract: In order to implement flexibility as well as survivable
capacities over passive optical network (PON), a new automatic
random fault-recovery mechanism with array-waveguide-grating
based (AWG-based) optical switch (OSW) is presented. Firstly,
wavelength-division-multiplexing and optical code-division
multiple-access (WDM/OCDMA) scheme are configured to meet the
various geographical locations requirement between optical network
unit (ONU) and optical line terminal (OLT). The AWG-base optical
switch is designed and viewed as central star-mesh topology to
prohibit/decrease the duplicated redundant elements such as fiber and
transceiver as well. Hence, by simple monitoring and routing switch
algorithm, random fault-recovery capacity is achieved over
bi-directional (up/downstream) WDM/OCDMA scheme. When error
of distribution fiber (DF) takes place or bit-error-rate (BER) is higher
than 10-9 requirement, the primary/slave AWG-based OSW are
adjusted and controlled dynamically to restore the affected ONU
groups via the other working DFs immediately.
Abstract: A method to determine experimentally the melting
rate, rm, and the heat transfer coefficients, αv (W/(m3K)), at
convective melting in a fixed bed of particles under adiabatic regime
is established in this paper. The method lies in the determining of the
melting rate by measuring the fixed bed height in time. Experimental
values of rm, α and α v were determined using cylindrical particles of
ice (d = 6.8 mm, h = 5.5 mm) and, as a melting agent, aqueous NaCl
solution with a temperature of 283 K at different values of the liquid
flow rate (11.63·10-6, 28.83·10-6, 38.83·10-6 m3/s).
Our experimental results were compared with those existing in
literature being noticed a good agreement for Re values higher than
50.
Abstract: Reliable information about tool temperature
distribution is of central importance in metal cutting. In this study,
tool-chip interface temperature was determined in cutting of ST37
steel workpiece by applying HSS as the cutting tool in dry turning.
Two different approaches were implemented for temperature
measuring: an embedded thermocouple (RTD) in to the cutting tool
and infrared (IR) camera. Comparisons are made between
experimental data and results of MSC.SuperForm and FLUENT
software.
An investigation of heat generation in cutting tool was performed
by varying cutting parameters at the stable cutting tool geometry and
results were saved in a computer; then the diagrams of tool
temperature vs. various cutting parameters were obtained. The
experimental results reveal that the main factors of the increasing
cutting temperature are cutting speed (V ), feed rate ( S ) and depth
of cut ( h ), respectively. It was also determined that simultaneously
change in cutting speed and feed rate has the maximum effect on
increasing cutting temperature.
Abstract: this paper presented a survey analysis subjected on
network bandwidth management from published papers referred in
IEEE Explorer database in three years from 2009 to 2011. Network
Bandwidth Management is discussed in today-s issues for computer
engineering applications and systems. Detailed comparison is
presented between published papers to look further in the IP based
network critical research area for network bandwidth management.
Important information such as the network focus area, a few
modeling in the IP Based Network and filtering or scheduling used in
the network applications layer is presented. Many researches on
bandwidth management have been done in the broad network area
but fewer are done in IP Based network specifically at the
applications network layer. A few researches has contributed new
scheme or enhanced modeling but still the issue of bandwidth
management still arise at the applications network layer. This survey
is taken as a basic research towards implementations of network
bandwidth management technique, new framework model and
scheduling scheme or algorithm in an IP Based network which will
focus in a control bandwidth mechanism in prioritizing the network
traffic the applications layer.
Abstract: This paper proposes a declarative language for
knowledge representation (Ibn Rochd), and its environment of
exploitation (DeGSE). This DeGSE system was designed and
developed to facilitate Ibn Rochd writing applications. The system
was tested on several knowledge bases by ascending complexity,
culminating in a system for recognition of a plant or a tree, and
advisors to purchase a car, for pedagogical and academic guidance,
or for bank savings and credit. Finally, the limits of the language and
research perspectives are stated.
Abstract: The most reliable and accurate description of the actual behavior of a software system is its source code. However, not all questions about the system can be answered directly by resorting to this repository of information. What the reverse engineering methodology aims at is the extraction of abstract, goal-oriented “views" of the system, able to summarize relevant properties of the computation performed by the program. While concentrating on reverse engineering we had modeled the C++ files by designing the translator.
Abstract: Forty-five dairy cows were used to compare the
enzyme activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate
dehydrogenase (LDH), α -amylase in the cervical mucus of cows
during spontaneous and induced estrus using progestagen or PGF2 α
and to determine whether these enzymes affect the fertility in cows
with induced estrus, at the time of Al. The animals were assigned to 3
groups (no treatment, a Crestar® for 12 days, a double im injection of
PGF2 α). The cows were artificially inseminated (AI). Cervical
mucus samples were collected from all cows 3 to 5 min before the
AI. The results are summarized as follows: ALP and α -amylase
activity for spontaneous estrus were similar to those for induced
estrus (P>0.05) . LDH activity levels during spontaneous and PGF2 α
induced estrus was significantly lower (P < 0.001) than that in
progestagene induced estrus groups. While no difference was found
between the first and the third groups. Our result showed a significant
difference in LDH activity levels between cows conceived with 2 or
more AI and those conceived with 1 AI. The result of this study
showed that the enzyme activity in cervical mucus is helpful for
detection of ovulation and time of AI.
Abstract: The experimental study of position control of a light
weight and small size robotic finger during non-contact motion is
presented in this paper. The finger possesses fingertip pinching and
self adaptive grasping capabilities, and is made of a seven bar linkage
mechanism with a slider in the middle phalanx. The control system is
tested under the Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) control
algorithm and Recursive Least Square (RLS) based Feedback Error
Learning (FEL) control scheme to overcome the uncertainties present
in the plant. The experiments conducted in Matlab Simulink and xPC
Target environments show that the overall control strategy is efficient
in controlling the finger movement.
Abstract: To establish optical communication between any two
satellites, the transmitter satellite must track the beacon of the
receiver satellite and point the information optical beam in its
direction. Optical tracking and pointing systems for free space suffer
during tracking from high-amplitude vibration because of
background radiation from interstellar objects such as the Sun, Moon,
Earth, and stars in the tracking field of view or the mechanical
impact from satellite internal and external sources. The vibrations of
beam pointing increase the bit error rate and jam communication
between the two satellites. One way to overcome this problem is the
use of very small transmitter beam divergence angles of too narrow
divergence angle is that the transmitter beam may sometimes miss
the receiver satellite, due to pointing vibrations. In this paper we
propose the use of genetic algorithm to optimize the BER as function
of transmitter optics aperture.
Abstract: The company-s ability to draw on a range of external
sources to meet their needs for innovation, has been termed 'open
innovation' (OI). Very few empirical analyses have been conducted
on Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) to the extent that they
describe and understand the characteristics and implications of this
new paradigm.
The study's objective is to identify and characterize different
modes of OI, (considering innovation process phases and the variety
and breadth of the collaboration), determinants, barriers and
motivations in SMEs. Therefore a survey was carried out among
Italian manufacturing firms and a database of 105 companies was
obtained. With regard to data elaboration, a factorial and cluster
analysis has been conducted and three different OI modes have
emerged: selective low open, unselective open upstream, and mid-
partners integrated open. The different behaviours of the three
clusters in terms of determinants factors, performance, firm-s
technology intensity, barriers and motivations have been analyzed
and discussed.
Abstract: A parallel computational fluid dynamics code has been
developed for the study of aerodynamic heating problem in hypersonic
flows. The code employs the 3D Navier-Stokes equations as the basic
governing equations to simulate the laminar hypersonic flow. The cell
centered finite volume method based on structured grid is applied for
spatial discretization. The AUSMPW+ scheme is used for the inviscid
fluxes, and the MUSCL approach is used for higher order spatial
accuracy. The implicit LU-SGS scheme is applied for time integration
to accelerate the convergence of computations in steady flows. A
parallel programming method based on MPI is employed to shorten
the computing time. The validity of the code is demonstrated by
comparing the numerical calculation result with the experimental data
of a hypersonic flow field around a blunt body.
Abstract: In order to reduce cost, increase quality, and for
timely supplying production systems has considerably taken the
advantages of supply chain management and these advantages are
also competitive. Selection of appropriate supplier has an important
role in improvement and efficiency of systems.
The models of supplier selection which have already been used by
researchers have considered selection one or more suppliers from
potential suppliers but in this paper selecting one supplier as partner
from one supplier that have minimum one period supplying to buyer
is considered.
This paper presents a conceptual model for partner selection and
application of Degree of Adoptive (DOA) model for final selection.
The attributes weight in this model is prepared through AHP
model. After making the descriptive model, determining the
attributes and measuring the parameters of the adaptive is examined
in an auto industry of Iran(Zagross Khodro co.) and results are
presented.
Abstract: In this work, thermoelastic damping effect on the hemi- spherical shells is investigated. The material is selected silicon, and heat conduction equation for thermal flow is solved to obtain the temperature profile in which bending approximation with inextensional assumption of the model. Using the temperature profile, eigen-value analysis is performed to get the natural frequencies of hemispherical shells. Effects of mode numbers, radii and radial thicknesses of the model on the natural frequencies are analyzed in detail. Furthermore, the quality factor (Q-factor) is defined, and discussed for the ring and hemispherical shell.
Abstract: Nowadays, several techniques such as; Fuzzy
Inference System (FIS) and Neural Network (NN) are employed for
developing of the predictive models to estimate parameters of water
quality. The main objective of this study is to compare between the
predictive ability of the Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System
(ANFIS) model and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model to
estimate the Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) on data from 11
sampling sites of Saen Saep canal in Bangkok, Thailand. The data is
obtained from the Department of Drainage and Sewerage, Bangkok
Metropolitan Administration, during 2004-2011. The five parameters
of water quality namely Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Chemical Oxygen
Demand (COD), Ammonia Nitrogen (NH3N), Nitrate Nitrogen
(NO3N), and Total Coliform bacteria (T-coliform) are used as the
input of the models. These water quality indices affect the
biochemical oxygen demand. The experimental results indicate that
the ANN model provides a higher correlation coefficient (R=0.73)
and a lower root mean square error (RMSE=4.53) than the
corresponding ANFIS model.
Abstract: Laser Profiler (LP) data from aerial laser surveys have
been increasingly used as topographical inputs to numerical
simulations of flooding and inundation in river basins. LP data has
great potential for reproducing topography, but its effective usage has
not yet been fully established. In this study, flooding and inundation
are simulated numerically using LP data for the Jobaru River basin of
Japan’s Saga Plain. The analysis shows that the topography is
reproduced satisfactorily in the computational domain with urban and
agricultural areas requiring different grid sizes. A 2-D numerical
simulation shows that flood flow behavior changes as grid size is
varied.
Abstract: This research is part of a broad program aimed at
advancing the science and technology involved in the rescue and
rehabilitation of oiled wildlife. One aspect of this research involves
the use of oil-sequestering magnetic particles for the removal of
contaminants from plumage – so-called “magnetic cleansing". This
treatment offers a number of advantages over conventional
detergent-based methods including portability - which offers the
possibility of providing a “quick clean" to the animal upon first
encounter in the field. This could be particularly advantageous
when the contaminant is toxic and/or corrosive and/or where there
is a delay in transporting the victim to a treatment centre. The
method could also be useful as part of a stabilization protocol when
large numbers of affected animals are awaiting treatment. This
presentation describes the design, development and testing of a
prototype field kit for providing a “quick clean" to contaminated
wildlife in the field.
Abstract: Information and communication technology (ICT) has
become, within a very short time, one of the basic building blocks of
modern society. Many countries now understanding the importance
of ICT and mastering the basic skills and concepts of it as part of the
core of education. Organizations, experts and practitioners in the
education sector increasingly recognizing the importance of ICT in
supporting educational improvement and reform. This paper
addresses the convergence of ICT and education. When two
technologies are converging to each other, together they will generate
some great opportunities and challenges. This paper focuses on these
issues. In introduction section, it explains the ICT, education, and
ICT-enhanced education. In next section it describes need of ICT in
education, relationship between ICT skills and education, and stages
of teaching learning process. The next two sections describe
opportunities and challenges in integrating ICT in education. Finally
the concluding section summaries the idea and its usefulness.