Abstract: Intermetallic materials are among advanced
technology materials that have outstanding mechanical and physical
properties for high temperature applications. Especially creep
resistance, low density and high hardness properties stand out in such
intermetallics. The microstructure, mechanical properties of %88Ni-
%10Cr and %2Mn powders were investigated using specimens
produced by tube furnace sintering at 900-1300°C temperature. A
composite consisting of ternary additions, a metallic phase, Fe, Cr
and Mn have been prepared under Ar shroud and then tube furnace
sintered. XRD, SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope), were
investigated to characterize the properties of the specimens.
Experimental results carried out for composition %88Ni-%10Cr and
%2Mn at 1300°C suggest that the best properties as 138,80HV and
6,269/cm3 density were obtained at 1300°C.
Abstract: Through use of novel modern/rapid processing
techniques such as screen printing and Near-Infrared (NIR) radiative
curing, process time for the sintering of sintered nickel plaques,
applicable to alkaline nickel battery chemistries, has been drastically
reduced from in excess of 200 minutes with conventional convection
methods to below 2 minutes using NIR curing methods. Steps have
also been taken to remove the need for forming gas as a reducing
agent by implementing carbon as an in-situ reducing agent, within the
ink formulation.
Abstract: There are many perceived advantages of microwave
ablation have driven researchers to develop innovative antennas to
effectively treat deep-seated, non-resectable hepatic tumors. In this
paper a coaxial antenna with a miniaturized sleeve choke has been
discussed for microwave interstitial ablation therapy, in order to
reduce backward heating effects irrespective of the insertion depth
into the tissue. Two dimensional Finite Element Method (FEM) is
used to simulate and measure the results of miniaturized sleeve choke
antenna. This paper emphasizes the importance of factors that can
affect simulation accuracy, which include mesh resolution, surface
heating and reflection coefficient. Quarter wavelength choke
effectiveness has been discussed by comparing it with the unchoked
antenna with same dimensions.
Abstract: While emerging technologies continue to emerge,
research into their use in learning contexts often focuses on a subset
of educational practices and ways of using technologies. In this study
we begin to explore the extent to which educational designs are
influenced by larger societal and education-related factors not usually
explicitly considered when designing or identifying technology-supported
education experiences for research study. We examine
patterns within and between factors via a content analysis across ten
years and 19 different journals of published peer-reviewed research
on technology-supported writing. Our findings have implications for
how researchers, designers, and educators approach technology-supported
educational design within and beyond the field of writing
and literacy.
Abstract: The article proposed intends to analyze the possibility
(and conditions) of a media regulation law in a democratic rule of law
in the twenty-first century. To do so, will be presented initially the
idea of the public sphere (by Jürgen Habermas), showing how it is
presented as an interface between the citizen and the state (or the
private and public) and how important is it in a deliberative
democracy. Based on this paradigm, the traditional perception of the
role of public information (such as system functional element) and on
the possibility of media regulation will be exposed, due to the public
nature of their activity. A critical argument will then be displayed
from two different perspectives: a) the formal function of the current
media information, considering that the digital age has fragmented
the information access; b) the concept of a constructive democracy,
which reduces the need for representation, changing the strategic
importance of the public sphere. The question to be addressed (based
on the comparative law) is if the regulation is justified in a
polycentric democracy, especially when it operates under the digital
age (with immediate and virtual communication). The proposal is to
be presented in the sense that even in a twenty-first century the media
in a democratic rule of law still has an extremely important role and
may be subject to regulation, but this should be on terms very
different (and narrower) from those usually defended.
Abstract: An important problem for the CaSO4/CaSO4･1/2H2O
Chemical heat pump (CHP) is that the material is deactivated through
repetitive reaction between hydration and dehydration in which the
crystal phase of the material is transformed from III-CaSO4 to
II-CaSO4. We investigated suppression on the phase change by adding
a sulfated compound. The most effective material was MgSO4. MgSO4
doping increased the durability of CaSO4 in the actual CHP repetitive
cycle of hydration/dehydration to 3.6 times that of undoped CaSO4.
The MgSO4-doped CaSO4 showed a higher phase transition
temperature and activation energy for crystal transformation from
III-CaSO4 to II-CaSO4. MgSO4 doping decreased the crystal lattice
size of CaSO4･1/2H2O and II-CaSO4 to smaller than that of undoped
CaSO4. Modification of the crystal structure is considered to be related
to the durability change in CaSO4 resulting from MgSO4 doping.
Abstract: White concrete facade elements are widely used in
construction industry. It is challenging to achieve the desired
workability in casting of white concrete elements. Particle Matrix
model was used for proportioning the self-compacting white concrete
(SCWC) to control segregation and bleeding and to improve
workability. The paper presents how to reach the target slump flow
while controlling bleeding and segregation in SCWC. The amount of
aggregates, binders and mixing water, as well as type and dosage of
superplasticizer (SP) to be used are the major factors influencing the
properties of SCWC. Slump flow and compressive strength tests were
carried out to examine the performance of SCWC, and the results
indicate that the particle matrix model could produce successfully
SCWC controlling segregation and bleeding.
Abstract: Microstructural and electrical properties of
Cu-chromium alloy (Cu-Cr) dispersed with vapor-grown carbon fiber
(VGCF) prepared by powder metallurgy (P/M) process have been
investigated. Cu-0.7 mass% Cr pre-alloyed powder (Cu-Cr) made by
water atomization process was used as raw materials, which contained
solid solute Cr elements in Cu matrix. The alloy powder coated with
un-bundled VGCF by using oil coating process was consolidated at
1223 K in vacuum by spark plasma sintering, and then extruded at
1073 K. The extruded Cu-Cr alloy (monolithic alloy) had 209.3 MPa
YS and 80.4 IACS% conductivity. The extruded Cu-Cr with 0.1
mass% VGCF composites revealed a small decrease of YS compared
to the monolithic Cu-Cr alloy. On the other hand, the composite had a
higher electrical conductivity than that of the monolithic alloy. For
example, Cu-Cr with 0.1 mass% VGCF composite sintered for 5 h
showed 182.7 MPa YS and 89.7 IACS% conductivity. In the case of
Cu-Cr with VGCFs composites, the Cr concentration was observed
around VGCF by SEM-EDS analysis, where Cr23C6 compounds were
detected by TEM observation. The amount of Cr solid solution in the
matrix of the Cu-Cr composites alloy was about 50% compared to the
monolithic Cu-Cr sintered alloy, and resulted in the remarkable
increment of the electrical conductivity.
Abstract: A Japanese manga character, Doraemon, was made by
Fujiko F. Fujio in 1969, was made into animation in 1973. The main
character, Doraemon, is a robot cat, and is a well-known Japanese
animated character. However, Doraemon is not only regarded as an
animation character but it is also used in educational and technological
programs in Japan.
This paper focuses on the background of Doraemon, educational
and technological perspectives on Doraemon, and comparison of the
original Japanese animation and the US remade version, and the
animator Fujiko’s dreams and hopes for Doraemon will be examined.
Since Doraemon has been exported as animation and manga to
overseas, perspectives toward Doraemon have changed. For example,
changes of stories and characters can been seen in the present
Doraemon animation. Not only the overseas TV productions which
broadcast Doraemon but also the Japanese production has to consider
violence, sexuality, etc. when editing episodes. Because of
representation of cultural differences, Japanese animation is thought to
contain more violence, discrimination, and sexuality in animation.
With responses from overseas, the Japanese production was cautious
about the US remade version. They cared about the US Broadcast
Standard, and tried to consider US customs and culture in the US
remade version. Seeing the difference, acculturation is necessary for
exports of animation overseas. Moreover, observing different aspects
of Doraemon domestically, Doraemon provides dreams and hopes to
children.
Abstract: This paper investigates simple implicit force control
algorithms realizable with industrial robots. A lot of approaches
already published are difficult to implement in commercial robot
controllers, because the access to the robot joint torques is necessary
or the complete dynamic model of the manipulator is used. In
the past we already deal with explicit force control of a position
controlled robot. Well known schemes of implicit force control are
stiffness control, damping control and impedance control. Using such
algorithms the contact force cannot be set directly. It is further
the result of controller impedance, environment impedance and
the commanded robot motion/position. The relationships of these
properties are worked out in this paper in detail for the chosen
implicit approaches. They have been adapted to be implementable
on a position controlled robot. The behaviors of stiffness control
and damping control are verified by practical experiments. For this
purpose a suitable test bed was configured. Using the full mechanical
impedance within the controller structure will not be practical in the
case when the robot is in physical contact with the environment. This
fact will be verified by simulation.
Abstract: Heat transfer due to forced convection of copper water
based nanofluid has been predicted by Artificial Neural network
(ANN). The present nanofluid is formed by mixing copper
nanoparticles in water and the volume fractions are considered here
are 0% to 15% and the Reynolds number are kept constant at 100.
The back propagation algorithm is used to train the network. The
present ANN is trained by the input and output data which has been
obtained from the numerical simulation, performed in finite volume
based Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) commercial software
Ansys Fluent. The numerical simulation based results are compared
with the back propagation based ANN results. It is found that the
forced convection heat transfer of water based nanofluid can be
predicted correctly by ANN. It is also observed that the back
propagation ANN can predict the heat transfer characteristics of
nanofluid very quickly compared to standard CFD method.
Abstract: Thousands of organisations store important and
confidential information related to them, their customers, and their
business partners in databases all across the world. The stored data
ranges from less sensitive (e.g. first name, last name, date of birth) to
more sensitive data (e.g. password, pin code, and credit card
information). Losing data, disclosing confidential information or
even changing the value of data are the severe damages that
Structured Query Language injection (SQLi) attack can cause on a
given database. It is a code injection technique where malicious SQL
statements are inserted into a given SQL database by simply using a
web browser. In this paper, we propose an effective pattern
recognition neural network model for detection and classification of
SQLi attacks. The proposed model is built from three main elements
of: a Uniform Resource Locator (URL) generator in order to generate
thousands of malicious and benign URLs, a URL classifier in order
to: 1) classify each generated URL to either a benign URL or a
malicious URL and 2) classify the malicious URLs into different
SQLi attack categories, and a NN model in order to: 1) detect either a
given URL is a malicious URL or a benign URL and 2) identify the
type of SQLi attack for each malicious URL. The model is first
trained and then evaluated by employing thousands of benign and
malicious URLs. The results of the experiments are presented in
order to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Abstract: The purpose of the paper is to estimate the US small
wind turbines market potential and forecast the small wind turbines
sales in the US. The forecasting method is based on the application of
the Bass model and the generalized Bass model of innovations
diffusion under replacement purchases. In the work an exponential
distribution is used for modeling of replacement purchases. Only one
parameter of such distribution is determined by average lifetime of
small wind turbines. The identification of the model parameters is
based on nonlinear regression analysis on the basis of the annual
sales statistics which has been published by the American Wind
Energy Association (AWEA) since 2001 up to 2012. The estimation
of the US average market potential of small wind turbines (for
adoption purchases) without account of price changes is 57080
(confidence interval from 49294 to 64866 at P = 0.95) under average
lifetime of wind turbines 15 years, and 62402 (confidence interval
from 54154 to 70648 at P = 0.95) under average lifetime of wind
turbines 20 years. In the first case the explained variance is 90,7%,
while in the second - 91,8%. The effect of the wind turbines price
changes on their sales was estimated using generalized Bass model.
This required a price forecast. To do this, the polynomial regression
function, which is based on the Berkeley Lab statistics, was used. The
estimation of the US average market potential of small wind turbines
(for adoption purchases) in that case is 42542 (confidence interval
from 32863 to 52221 at P = 0.95) under average lifetime of wind
turbines 15 years, and 47426 (confidence interval from 36092 to
58760 at P = 0.95) under average lifetime of wind turbines 20 years.
In the first case the explained variance is 95,3%, while in the second
– 95,3%.
Abstract: Sol-enhanced Zn-Ni-Al2O3 nanocomposite coatings
were electroplated on mild steel by our newly developed solenhanced
electroplating method. In this method, transparent Al2O3 sol
was added into the acidic Zn-Ni bath to produced Zn-Ni-Al2O3nanocomposite
coatings. The chemical composition, microstructure and
mechanical properties of the composite and alloy coatings deposited
at two different agitation speed were investigated. The structure of all
coatings was single γ-Ni5Zn21 phase. The composite coatings possess
refined crystals with higher microhardness compared to Zn-Ni alloy
coatings. The wear resistance of Zn-Ni coatings was improved
significantly by incorporation of alumina nano particles into the
coatings. Higher agitation speed provided more uniform coatings
with smaller grain sized and slightly higher microhardness.
Considering composite coatings, high agitation speeds may facilitate
co-deposition of alumina in the coatings.
Abstract: Extracting and determining chlorophyll pigments
(chlorophyll a and b) in green leaves are the procedures based on the
solvent extraction of pigments in samples using N,Ndimethylformamide
as the extractant. In this study, two species of
soluble inorganic selenium forms, selenite (SeIV) and selenate (SeVI)
at different concentrations were investigated on maize plants that
were growing in nutrient solutions during 2 weeks and at the end of
the experiment, amounts of chlorophyll a and b for first and second
leaves of maize were measured. In accordance with the results we
observed that our regarded Se concentrations in both forms of SeIV
and SeVI were not effective on maize plants’ chlorophyll a and b
significantly although high level of 3 mg.kg-1 SeIV had negative affect
on growth of the samples that had been treated by it but about SeVI
samples we did not observe this state and our different considered
SeVI concentrations were not toxic for maize plants.
Abstract: Transportation of long turbine blades from one place
to another is a difficult process. Hence a feasibility study of
modularization of wind turbine blade was taken from structural
standpoint through finite element analysis. Initially, a non-segmented
blade is modeled and its structural behavior is evaluated to serve as
reference. The resonant, static bending and fatigue tests are simulated
in accordance with IEC61400-23 standard for comparison purpose.
The non-segmented test blade is separated at suitable location based
on trade off studies and the segments are joined with an innovative
double strap bonded joint configuration. The adhesive joint is
modeled by adopting cohesive zone modeling approach in ANSYS.
The developed blade model is analyzed for its structural response
through simulation. Performances of both the blades are found to be
similar, which indicates that, efficient segmentation of the long blade
is possible which facilitates easy transportation of the blades and on
site reassembling. The location selected for segmentation and
adopted joint configuration has resulted in an efficient segmented
blade model which proves the methodology adopted for segmentation
was quite effective. The developed segmented blade appears to be the
viable alternative considering its structural response specifically in
fatigue within considered assumptions.
Abstract: The paper deals with the classical fiber bundle model
of equal load sharing, sometimes referred to as the Daniels’ bundle
or the democratic bundle. Daniels formulated a multidimensional
integral and also a recursive formula for evaluation of the
strength cumulative distribution function. This paper describes
three algorithms for evaluation of the recursive formula and also
their implementations with source codes in the Python high-level
programming language. A comparison of the algorithms are provided
with respect to execution time. Analysis of orders of magnitudes of
addends in the recursion is also provided.
Abstract: This paper presents a numerical investigation of two
horizontally mounted four-lobed swirl pipes in terms of swirl
induction effectiveness into flows passing through them. The swirl
flows induced by the two swirl pipes have the potential to improve
the efficiency of Clean-In-Place procedures in a closed processing
system by local intensification of hydrodynamic impact on the
internal pipe surface. Pressure losses, swirl development within the
two swirl pipe, swirl induction effectiveness, swirl decay and wall
shear stress variation downstream of two swirl pipes are analyzed and
compared. It was found that a shorter length of swirl inducing pipe
used in joint with transition pipes is more effective in swirl induction
than when a longer one is used, in that it has a less constraint to the
induced swirl and results in slightly higher swirl intensity just
downstream of it with the expense of a smaller pressure loss. The
wall shear stress downstream of the shorter swirl pipe is also slightly
larger than that downstream of the longer swirl pipe due to the
slightly higher swirl intensity induced by the shorter swirl pipe. The
advantage of the shorter swirl pipe in terms of swirl induction is more
significant in flows with a larger Reynolds Number.
Abstract: In this study, firstly democratic thoughts which
directly or indirectly affect economic development and/or the
interaction between authoritarian regimes and the economic
development and the direction and channels of this interaction were
studied and then the study tried to determine how democracy affects
economic development. It was concluded that the positive
contributions of democracy to economic development were more
determinant than the effects that were either negative or restrictive in
terms of development. When compared to autocracy, since
democracy is more successful in managing social conflicts, ensuring
political stability and preventing social disasters such as famine, it
contributes more to economic development. Democracy also
facilitates delegation of authority, provides a stable investment
environment and accelerates mobilization of resources in accordance
with economic growth/development. Democracy leads to an increase
in human capital accumulation and increases the growth rate through
reducing income inequality. It can be said that democratic regimes
are the most appropriate ones in terms of increasing economic
performance and supporting economic development through their
strong institutional structures and the assurance they will ensure in
property rights.
Abstract: Background: Worldwide, at least 2.8 million people
die each year as a result of being overweight or obese, and 35.8
million (2.3%) of global DALYs are caused by overweight or
obesity. Obesity is acknowledged as one of the burning public
health problems reducing life expectancy and quality of life. The
body composition analysis of the university population is essential
in assessing the nutritional status, as well as the risk of developing
diseases associated with abnormal body fat content so as to make
nutritional recommendations. Objectives: The main aim was to
determine the prevalence of obesity and overweight in University
students using Anthropometric analysis and BIA methods. Material
and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 283 university students
participated. The body composition analysis was undertaken by
using mainly: i) Anthropometric Measurement: Height, Weight,
BMI, waist circumference, hip circumference and skin fold
thickness, ii) Bio-electrical impedance was used for analysis of
body fat mass, fat percent and visceral fat which was measured by
Tanita SC-330P Professional Body Composition Analyzer. The
data so collected were compiled in MS Excel and analyzed for
males and females using SPSS 16. Results and Discussion: The
mean age of the male (n= 153) studied subjects was 25.37 ±2.39
years and females (n=130) was 22.53 ±2.31. The data of BIA
revealed very high mean fat per cent of the female subjects i.e.
30.3±6.5 per cent whereas mean fat per cent of the male subjects
was 15.60±6.02 per cent indicating a normal body fat range. The
findings showed high visceral fat of both males (12.92±3.02) and
females (16.86±4.98). BMI, BF% and WHR were higher among
females, and BMI was higher among males. The most evident
correlation was verified between BF% and WHR for female
students (r=0.902; p