Abstract: Although many researchers have studied the flow
hydraulics in compound channels, there are still many complicated problems in determination of their flow rating curves. Many different
methods have been presented for these channels but extending them
for all types of compound channels with different geometrical and
hydraulic conditions is certainly difficult. In this study, by aid of nearly 400 laboratory and field data sets of geometry and flow rating
curves from 30 different straight compound sections and using artificial neural networks (ANNs), flow discharge in compound channels was estimated. 13 dimensionless input variables including relative depth, relative roughness, relative width, aspect ratio, bed
slope, main channel side slopes, flood plains side slopes and berm
inclination and one output variable (flow discharge), have been used
in ANNs. Comparison of ANNs model and traditional method
(divided channel method-DCM) shows high accuracy of ANNs model results. The results of Sensitivity analysis showed that the relative depth with 47.6 percent contribution, is the most effective input parameter for flow discharge prediction. Relative width and
relative roughness have 19.3 and 12.2 percent of importance, respectively. On the other hand, shape parameter, main channel and
flood plains side slopes with 2.1, 3.8 and 3.8 percent of contribution, have the least importance.
Abstract: In this paper, a wavelet based method is proposed to
identify the constant coefficients of a second order linear system and
is compared with the least squares method. The proposed method
shows improved accuracy of parameter estimation as compared to the
least squares method. Additionally, it has the advantage of smaller
data requirement and storage requirement as compared to the least
squares method.
Abstract: Existing image-based virtual reality applications
allow users to view image-based 3D virtual environment in a more
interactive manner. User could “walkthrough"; looks left, right, up
and down and even zoom into objects in these virtual worlds of
images. However what the user sees during a “zoom in" is just a
close-up view of the same image which was taken from a distant.
Thus, this does not give the user an accurate view of the object from
the actual distance. In this paper, a simple technique for zooming in
an object in a virtual scene is presented. The technique is based on
the 'hotspot' concept in existing application. Instead of navigation
between two different locations, the hotspots are used to focus into
an object in the scene. For each object, several hotspots are created.
A different picture is taken for each hotspot. Each consecutive
hotspot created will take the user closer to the object. This will
provide the user with a correct of view of the object based on his
proximity to the object. Implementation issues and the relevance of
this technique in potential application areas are highlighted.
Abstract: Traditionally, project scheduling and material planning have been treated independently. In this research, a mixed integer programming model is presented to integrate project scheduling and materials ordering problems. The goal is to minimize the total material holding and ordering costs. In addition, an efficient metaheuristic algorithm is proposed to solve the model. The proposed algorithm is computationally tested, the results are analyzed, and conclusions are given.
Abstract: This paper proposes, for the first time, how the
challenges facing the guard-band designs including the margin
assist-circuits scheme for the screening-test in the coming process
generations should be addressed. The increased screening error
impacts are discussed based on the proposed statistical analysis
models. It has been shown that the yield-loss caused by the
misjudgment on the screening test would become 5-orders of
magnitude larger than that for the conventional one when the
amplitude of random telegraph noise (RTN) caused variations
approaches to that of random dopant fluctuation. Three fitting methods
to approximate the RTN caused complex Gamma mixtures
distributions by the simple Gaussian mixtures model (GMM) are
proposed and compared. It has been verified that the proposed
methods can reduce the error of the fail-bit predictions by 4-orders of
magnitude.
Abstract: This paper presents work characterizing finite element
performance boundaries within which live, interactive finite element
modeling is feasible on current and emerging systems. These results
are based on wide-ranging tests performed using a prototype finite
element program implemented specifically for this study, thereby enabling
the unified investigation of numerous direct and iterative solver
strategies and implementations in a variety of modeling contexts.
The results are intended to be useful for researchers interested in
interactive analysis by providing baseline performance estimates, to
give guidance in matching solution strategies to problem domains,
and to spur further work addressing the challenge of extending the
present boundaries.
Abstract: The experiments were performed in a batch set up
under different concentrations of Cu (II) (0.2 g.l-1 to 0.9 g.l-1), pH (4-
6), temperatures (20oC – 40oC) with varying teak leaves powder (as
biosorbent) dosage of 0.3 g.l-1 to 0.5 g.l-1. The kinetics of interactions
were tested with pseudo first order Lagergran equation and the value
for k1 was found to be 6.909 x 10-3 min-1. The biosorption data gave
a good fit with Langmuir and Fruendlich isotherms and the Langmuir
monolayer capacity (qm) was found to be 166.78 mg. g-1. Similarly
the Freundlich adsorption capacity (Kf) was estimated as 2.49 l g-1.
The mean values of the thermodynamic parameters ΔH, ΔS, and ΔG
were -62.42 KJ. mol-1, -0.219 KJ.mol-1 K-1 and -1.747 KJ.mol-1 at
293 K from a solution containing 0.4 g l-1 of Cu(II) showing the
biosorption to be thermodynamically favourable. These results show
good potentiality of using teak leaves as a biosorbent for the removal
of Cu(II) from aqueous solutions.
Abstract: During the last decade ultrafine grained (UFG) and nano-structured (NS) materials have experienced a rapid development. In this research work finite element analysis has been carried out to investigate the plastic strain distribution in equal channel angular process (ECAP). The magnitudes of Standard deviation (S. D.) and inhomogeneity index (Ci) were compared for different ECAP passes. Verification of a three-dimensional finite element model was performed with experimental tests. Finally the mechanical property including impact energy of ultrafine grained pure commercially pure Aluminum produced by severe plastic deformation method has been examined. For this aim, equal channel angular pressing die with the channel angle, outer corner angle and channel diameter of 90°, 20° and 20mm had been designed and manufactured. Commercial pure Aluminum billets were ECAPed up to four passes by route BC at the ambient temperature. The results indicated that there is a great improvement at the hardness measurement, yield strength and ultimate tensile strength after ECAP process. It is found that the magnitudes of HV reach 67HV from 21HV after the final stage of process. Also, about 330% and 285% enhancement at the YS and UTS values have been obtained after the fourth pass as compared to the as-received conditions, respectively. On the other hand, the elongation to failure and impact energy have been reduced by 23% and 50% after imposing four passes of ECAP process, respectively.
Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to summarize the
following protection of scouring countermeasures by using
Bentonite-Enhanced Sand (BES) mixtures. The concept of
underground improvement is being used in this study to reduce the
void of the sand. The sand bentonite mixture was used to bond the
ground soil conditions surrounding the pile of integral bridge. The
right composition of sand bentonite mixture was proposed based on
previous findings. The swelling effect of bentonite also was
investigated to ensure there is no adverse impact to the structure of
the integral bridge. ScourScour, another name for severe erosion,
occurs when the erosive capacity of water resulting from natural and
manmade events exceeds the ability of earth materials to resist its
effects. According to AASHTO LRFD Specifications (Section
C3.7.5), scour is the most common reason for the collapse of
highway bridges in the United States
Abstract: This paper propose a new circuit design which
monitor total leakage current during standby mode and generates the
optimal reverse body bias voltage, by using the adaptive body bias
(ABB) technique to compensate die-to-die parameter variations.
Design details of power monitor are examined using simulation
framework in 65nm and 32nm BTPM model CMOS process.
Experimental results show the overhead of proposed circuit in terms
of its power consumption is about 10 μW for 32nm technology and
about 12 μW for 65nm technology at the same power supply voltage
as the core power supply. Moreover the results show that our
proposed circuit design is not far sensitive to the temperature
variations and also process variations. Besides, uses the simple
blocks which offer good sensitivity, high speed, the continuously
feedback loop.
Abstract: Nonlinear system identification is becoming an important tool which can be used to improve control performance. This paper describes the application of adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) model for controlling a car. The vehicle must follow a predefined path by supervised learning. Backpropagation gradient descent method was performed to train the ANFIS system. The performance of the ANFIS model was evaluated in terms of training performance and classification accuracies and the results confirmed that the proposed ANFIS model has potential in controlling the non linear system.
Abstract: This research uses computational linguistics, an area of study that employs a computer to process natural language, and aims at discerning the patterns that exist in declarative sentences used in technical texts. The approach is mathematical, and the focus is on instructional texts found on web pages. The technique developed by the author and named the MAYA Semantic Technique is used here and organized into four stages. In the first stage, the parts of speech in each sentence are identified. In the second stage, the subject of the sentence is determined. In the third stage, MAYA performs a frequency analysis on the remaining words to determine the verb and its object. In the fourth stage, MAYA does statistical analysis to determine the content of the web page. The advantage of the MAYA Semantic Technique lies in its use of mathematical principles to represent grammatical operations which assist processing and accuracy if performed on unambiguous text. The MAYA Semantic Technique is part of a proposed architecture for an entire web-based intelligent tutoring system. On a sample set of sentences, partial semantics derived using the MAYA Semantic Technique were approximately 80% accurate. The system currently processes technical text in one domain, namely Cµ programming. In this domain all the keywords and programming concepts are known and understood.
Abstract: Like other external sorting algorithms, the presented
algorithm is a two step algorithm including internal and external
steps. The first part of the algorithm is like the other similar
algorithms but second part of that is including a new easy
implementing method which has reduced the vast number of inputoutput
operations saliently. As decreasing processor operating time
does not have any effect on main algorithm speed, any improvement
in it should be done through decreasing the number of input-output
operations. This paper propose an easy algorithm for choose the
correct record location of the final list. This decreases the time
complexity and makes the algorithm faster.
Abstract: Composite nanostructures of metal
core/semiconductor shell (Au/CdS) configuration were prepared
using organometalic method. UV-Vis spectra for the Au/CdS colloids
show initially two well separated bands, corresponding to surface
plasmon of the Au core, and the exciton of CdS shell. The absorption
of CdS shell is enhanced, while the Au plasmon band is suppressed
as the shell thickness increases. The shell sizes were estimated from
the optical spectra using the effective mass approximation model
(EMA), and compared to the sizes of the Au core and CdS shell
measured by high resolution transmission electron microscope
(HRTEM). The changes in the absorption features are discussed in
terms of gradual increase in the coupling strength of the Au core
surface plasmon and the exciton in the CdS. leading to charge
transfer and modification of electron oscillation in Au core.
Abstract: Demand over web services is in growing with increases number of Web users. Web service is applied by Web application. Web application size is affected by its user-s requirements and interests. Differential in requirements and interests lead to growing of Web application size. The efficient way to save store spaces for more data and information is achieved by implementing algorithms to compress the contents of Web application documents. This paper introduces an algorithm to reduce Web application size based on reduction of the contents of HTML files. It removes unimportant contents regardless of the HTML file size. The removing is not ignored any character that is predicted in the HTML building process.
Abstract: A automatic human tracking system using mobile
agent technology is realized because a mobile agent moves in
accordance with a migration of a target person. In this paper, we
propose a method for determining the neighbor node in consideration
of the imaging range of cameras.
Abstract: Ambient hydrolysis products in moist air and
hydrolysis kinetics in argon with humidity of RH1.5% for
polycrystalline LiH powders and sintered bulks were investigated by
X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy and gravimetry. The results
showed that the hydrolysis products made up a layered structure of
LiOH•H2O/LiOH/Li2O from surface of the sample to inside. In low
humid argon atmosphere, the primary hydrolysis product was Li2O
rather than LiOH. The hydrolysis kinetic curves of LiH bulks present a
paralinear shape, which could be explained by the “Layer Diffusion
Control" model. While a three-stage hydrolysis kinetic profile was
observed for LiH powders under the same experimental conditions.
The first two sections were similar to that of the bulk samples, and the
third section also presents a linear reaction kinetics but with a smaller
reaction rate compared to the second section because of a larger
exothermic effect for the hydrolysis reaction of LiH powder.
Abstract: Wireless capsule endoscopy provides real-time images in the digestive tract. Capsule images are usually low resolution and are diverse images due to travel through various regions of human body. Color information has been a primary reference in predicting abnormalities such as bleeding. Often color is not sufficient for this purpose. In this study, we took morphological shapes into account as additional, but important criterion. First, we processed gastric images in order to indentify various objects in the image. Then, we analyzed color information in the object. In this way, we could remove unnecessary information and increase the accuracy. Compared to our previous investigations, we could handle images of various degrees of brightness and improve our diagnostic algorithm.
Abstract: Visual secret sharing (VSS) was proposed by Naor and Shamir in 1995. Visual secret sharing schemes encode a secret image into two or more share images, and single share image can’t obtain any information about the secret image. When superimposes the shares, it can restore the secret by human vision. Due to the traditional VSS have some problems like pixel expansion and the cost of sophisticated. And this method only can encode one secret image. The schemes of encrypting more secret images by random grids into two shares were proposed by Chen et al. in 2008. But when those restored secret images have much distortion, those schemes are almost limited in decoding. In the other words, if there is too much distortion, we can’t encrypt too much information. So, if we can adjust distortion to very small, we can encrypt more secret images. In this paper, four new algorithms which based on Chang et al.’s scheme be held in 2010 are proposed. First algorithm can adjust distortion to very small. Second algorithm distributes the distortion into two restored secret images. Third algorithm achieves no distortion for special secret images. Fourth algorithm encrypts three secret images, which not only retain the advantage of VSS but also improve on the problems of decoding.
Abstract: Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imaging usually
requires echo data collected continuously pulse by pulse with certain
bandwidth. However in real situation, data collection or part of signal
spectrum can be interrupted due to various reasons, i.e. there will be
gaps in spatial spectrum. In this case we need to find ways to fill out
the resulted gaps and get image with defined resolution. In this paper
we introduce our work on how to apply iterative spatially variant
apodization (Super-SVA) technique to extrapolate the spatial
spectrum in both azimuthal and range directions so as to fill out the
gaps and get correct radar image.