Abstract: This paper presents a novel template-based method to
detect objects of interest from real images by shape matching. To
locate a target object that has a similar shape to a given template
boundary, the proposed method integrates three components: contour
grouping, partial shape matching, and boundary verification. In the
first component, low-level image features, including edges and
corners, are grouped into a set of perceptually salient closed contours
using an extended ratio-contour algorithm. In the second component,
we develop a partial shape matching algorithm to identify the
fractions of detected contours that partly match given template
boundaries. Specifically, we represent template boundaries and
detected contours using landmarks, and apply a greedy algorithm to
search the matched landmark subsequences. For each matched
fraction between a template and a detected contour, we estimate an
affine transform that transforms the whole template into a hypothetic
boundary. In the third component, we provide an efficient algorithm
based on oriented edge lists to determine the target boundary from
the hypothetic boundaries by checking each of them against image
edges. We evaluate the proposed method on recognizing and
localizing 12 template leaves in a data set of real images with clutter
back-grounds, illumination variations, occlusions, and image noises.
The experiments demonstrate the high performance of our proposed
method1.
Abstract: The free and forced in-plane vibrations of axially
moving plates are investigated in this work. The plate possesses an
internal damping of which the constitutive relation obeys the
Kelvin-Voigt model, and the excitations are arbitrarily distributed on
two opposite edges. First, the equations of motion and the boundary
conditions of the axially moving plate are derived. Then, the extended
Ritz method is used to obtain discretized system equations. Finally,
numerical results for the natural frequencies and the mode shapes of
the in-plane vibration and the in-plane response of the moving plate
subjected to arbitrary edge excitations are presented. It is observed that
the symmetry class of the mode shapes of the in-plane vibration
disperses gradually as the moving speed gets higher, and the u- and
v-components of the mode shapes belong to different symmetry class.
In addition, large response amplitudes having shapes similar to the
mode shapes of the plate can be excited by the edge excitations at the
resonant frequencies and with the same symmetry class of distribution
as the u-components.
Abstract: Many supervised induction algorithms require discrete
data, even while real data often comes in a discrete
and continuous formats. Quality discretization of continuous
attributes is an important problem that has effects on speed,
accuracy and understandability of the induction models. Usually,
discretization and other types of statistical processes are applied
to subsets of the population as the entire population is practically
inaccessible. For this reason we argue that the discretization
performed on a sample of the population is only an estimate of
the entire population. Most of the existing discretization methods,
partition the attribute range into two or several intervals using
a single or a set of cut points. In this paper, we introduce a
technique by using resampling (such as bootstrap) to generate
a set of candidate discretization points and thus, improving the
discretization quality by providing a better estimation towards
the entire population. Thus, the goal of this paper is to observe
whether the resampling technique can lead to better discretization
points, which opens up a new paradigm to construction of
soft decision trees.
Abstract: A 3D simulation study for an incompressible
slip flow around a spherical aerosol particle was performed.
The full Navier-Stokes equations were solved and the velocity
jump at the gas-particle interface was treated numerically by
imposition of the slip boundary condition. Analytical solution
to the Stokesian slip flow past a spherical particle was used as
a benchmark for code verification, and excellent agreement
was achieved. The Simulation results showed that in addition
to the Knudsen number, the Reynolds number affects the slip
correction factor. Thus, the Cunningham-based slip corrections
must be augmented by the inclusion of the effect of
Reynolds number for application to Lagrangian tracking of
fine particles. A new expression for the slip correction factor
as a function of both Knudsen number and Reynolds number
was developed.
Abstract: In the present paper, an improved initial value
numerical technique is presented to analyze the free vibration of
symmetrically laminated rectangular plate. A combination of the
initial value method (IV) and the finite differences (FD) devices is
utilized to develop the present (IVFD) technique. The achieved
technique is applied to the equation of motion of vibrating laminated
rectangular plate under various types of boundary conditions. Three
common types of laminated symmetrically cross-ply, orthotropic and
isotropic plates are analyzed here. The convergence and accuracy of
the presented Initial Value-Finite Differences (IVFD) technique have
been examined. Also, the merits and validity of improved technique
are satisfied via comparing the obtained results with those available
in literature indicating good agreements.
Abstract: In working mode some unexpected changes could
be arise in inner structure of electromagnetic device. They
influence modification in electromagnetic field propagation map.
The field values at an observed boundary are also changed. The
development of the process has to be watched because the arising
structural changes would provoke the device to be gone out later.
The probabilistic assessment of the state is possible to be made.
The numerical assessment points if the resulting changes have
only accidental character or they are due to the essential inner
structural disturbances.
The presented application example is referring to the 200MW
turbine-generator. A part of the stator core end teeth zone is
simulated broken. Quasi three-dimensional electromagnetic and
temperature field are solved applying FEM. The stator core state
diagnosis is proposed to be solved as an identification problem on
the basis of a statistical criterion.
Abstract: This paper presents the significant factor and give
some suggestion that should know before design. The main objective of this paper is guide the first step for someone who attends to design of grounding system before study in details later. The overview of
grounding system can protect damage from fault such as can save a human life and power system equipment. The unsafe conditions have
three cases. Case 1) maximum touch voltage exceeds the safety
criteria. In this case, the conductor compression ratio of the ground gird should be first adjusted to have optimal spacing of ground grid
conductors. If it still over limit, earth resistivity should be consider afterward. Case 2) maximum step voltage exceeds the safety criteria.
In this case, increasing the number of ground grid conductors around
the boundary can solve this problem. Case 3) both of maximum touch
and step voltage exceed the safety criteria. In this case, follow the solutions explained in case 1 and case 2. Another suggestion, vary depth of ground grid until maximum step and touch voltage do not
exceed the safety criteria.
Abstract: The main goal of this paper is to show a possibility, how to solve numerically elliptic boundary value problems arising in 2D linear elasticity by using the fictitious domain method (FDM) and the Total-FETI domain decomposition method. We briefly mention the theoretical background of these methods and demonstrate their performance on a benchmark.
Abstract: This paper suggests a rethinking of the existing
research about Genetically Modified (GM) food. Since the first batch
of GM food was commercialised in the UK market, GM food rapidly
received and lost media attention in the UK. Disagreement on GM
food policy between the US and the EU has also drawn scholarly
attention to this issue. Much research has been carried out intending to
understand people-s views about GM food and the shaping of these
views. This paper was based on the data collected in twenty-nine
semi-structured interviews, which were examined through Erving
Goffman-s idea of self-presentation in interactions to suggest that the
existing studies investigating “consumer attitudes" towards GM food
have only considered the “front stage" in the dramaturgic metaphor.
This paper suggests that the ways in which people choose to present
themselves when participating these studies should be taken into
account during the data analysis.
Abstract: This paper deals with the helical flow of a Newtonian
fluid in an infinite circular cylinder, due to both longitudinal and
rotational shear stress. The velocity field and the resulting shear
stress are determined by means of the Laplace and finite Hankel
transforms and satisfy all imposed initial and boundary conditions.
For large times, these solutions reduce to the well-known steady-state
solutions.
Abstract: A conjugate heat transfer for steady two-dimensional
mixed convection with magnetic hydrodynamic (MHD) flow of an
incompressible quiescent fluid over an unsteady thermal forming
stretching sheet has been studied. A parameter, M, which is used to
represent the dominance of the magnetic effect has been presented in
governing equations. The similar transformation and an implicit
finite-difference method have been used to analyze the present
problem. The numerical solutions of the flow velocity distributions,
temperature profiles, the wall unknown values of f''(0) and '(θ (0) for
calculating the heat transfer of the similar boundary-layer flow are
carried out as functions of the unsteadiness parameter (S), the Prandtl
number (Pr), the space-dependent parameter (A) and
temperature-dependent parameter (B) for heat source/sink and the
magnetic parameter (M). The effects of these parameters have also
discussed. At the results, it will produce greater heat transfer effect
with a larger Pr and M, S, A, B will reduce heat transfer effects. At
last, conjugate heat transfer for the free convection with a larger G has
a good heat transfer effect better than a smaller G=0.
Abstract: In this paper, an analytical approach for free vibration
analysis of four edges simply supported rectangular Kirchhoff plates
is presented. The method is based on wave approach. From wave
standpoint vibration propagate, reflect and transmit in a structure.
Firstly, the propagation and reflection matrices for plate with simply
supported boundary condition are derived. Then, these matrices are
combined to provide a concise and systematic approach to free
vibration analysis of a simply supported rectangular Kirchhoff plate.
Subsequently, the eigenvalue problem for free vibration of plates is
formulated and the equation of plate natural frequencies is
constructed. Finally, the effectiveness of the approach is shown by
comparison of the results with existing classical solution.
Abstract: In this paper, we present a framework to determine Haar solutions of Bratu-type equations that are widely applicable in fuel ignition of the combustion theory and heat transfer. The method is proposed by applying Haar series for the highest derivatives and integrate the series. Several examples are given to confirm the efficiency and the accuracy of the proposed algorithm. The results show that the proposed way is quite reasonable when compared to exact solution.
Abstract: The hydromagnetic flow of a Maxwell fluid past a vertical stretching sheet with thermophoresis is considered. The impact of chemical reaction species to the flow is analyzed for the first time by using the homotopy analysis method (HAM). The h-curves for the flow boundary layer equations are presented graphically. Several values of wall skin friction, heat and mass transfer are obtained and discussed.
Abstract: The present paper considers the steady free
convection boundary layer flow of a viscoelastics fluid with constant
temperature in the presence of heat generation. The boundary layer
equations are an order higher than those for the Newtonian (viscous)
fluid and the adherence boundary conditions are insufficient to
determine the solution of these equations completely. The governing
boundary layer equations are first transformed into non-dimensional
form by using special dimensionless group. Computations are
performed numerically by using Keller-box method by augmenting
an extra boundary condition at infinity and the results are displayed
graphically to illustrate the influence of viscoelastic K, heat
generation γ , and Prandtl Number, Pr parameters on the velocity
and temperature profiles. The results of the surface shear stress in
terms of the local skin friction and the surface rate of heat transfer in
terms of the local Nusselt number for a selection of the heat
generation parameterγ (=0.0, 0.2, 0.5, 0.8, 1.0) are obtained and
presented in both tabular and graphical formats. Without effect of the
internal heat generation inside the fluid domain for which we take
γ = 0.0, the present numerical results show an excellent agreement
with previous publication.
Abstract: This paper focuses on a technique for identifying the geological boundary of the ground strata in front of a tunnel excavation site using the first order adjoint method based on the optimal control theory. The geological boundary is defined as the boundary which is different layers of elastic modulus. At tunnel excavations, it is important to presume the ground situation ahead of the cutting face beforehand. Excavating into weak strata or fault fracture zones may cause extension of the construction work and human suffering. A theory for determining the geological boundary of the ground in a numerical manner is investigated, employing excavating blasts and its vibration waves as the observation references. According to the optimal control theory, the performance function described by the square sum of the residuals between computed and observed velocities is minimized. The boundary layer is determined by minimizing the performance function. The elastic analysis governed by the Navier equation is carried out, assuming the ground as an elastic body with linear viscous damping. To identify the boundary, the gradient of the performance function with respect to the geological boundary can be calculated using the adjoint equation. The weighed gradient method is effectively applied to the minimization algorithm. To solve the governing and adjoint equations, the Galerkin finite element method and the average acceleration method are employed for the spatial and temporal discretizations, respectively. Based on the method presented in this paper, the different boundary of three strata can be identified. For the numerical studies, the Suemune tunnel excavation site is employed. At first, the blasting force is identified in order to perform the accuracy improvement of analysis. We identify the geological boundary after the estimation of blasting force. With this identification procedure, the numerical analysis results which almost correspond with the observation data were provided.
Abstract: In this paper, we propose an improved 3D star skeleton
technique, which is a suitable skeletonization for human posture representation
and reflects the 3D information of human posture.
Moreover, the proposed technique is simple and then can be performed
in real-time. The existing skeleton construction techniques, such as
distance transformation, Voronoi diagram, and thinning, focus on the
precision of skeleton information. Therefore, those techniques are not
applicable to real-time posture recognition since they are computationally
expensive and highly susceptible to noise of boundary. Although
a 2D star skeleton was proposed to complement these problems,
it also has some limitations to describe the 3D information of the
posture. To represent human posture effectively, the constructed skeleton
should consider the 3D information of posture. The proposed 3D
star skeleton contains 3D data of human, and focuses on human action
and posture recognition. Our 3D star skeleton uses the 8 projection
maps which have 2D silhouette information and depth data of human
surface. And the extremal points can be extracted as the features of 3D
star skeleton, without searching whole boundary of object. Therefore,
on execution time, our 3D star skeleton is faster than the “greedy" 3D
star skeleton using the whole boundary points on the surface. Moreover,
our method can offer more accurate skeleton of posture than the
existing star skeleton since the 3D data for the object is concerned.
Additionally, we make a codebook, a collection of representative 3D
star skeletons about 7 postures, to recognize what posture of constructed
skeleton is.
Abstract: This paper investigates the solutions of two-point fuzzy boundary value problems as the form x = f(t, x(t)), x(0) = A and x(l) = B, where A and B are fuzzy numbers. There are four different solutions for the problems when the lateral type of H-derivative is employed to solve the problems. As f(t, x) is a monotone function of x, these four solutions are reduced to two different solutions. As f(t, x(t)) = λx(t) or f(t, x(t)) = -λx(t), solutions and several comparison results are presented to indicate advantages of each solution.
Abstract: The paper discusses a 3D numerical solution of the inverse boundary problem for a continuous casting process of alloy. The main goal of the analysis presented within the paper was to estimate heat fluxes along the external surface of the ingot. The verified information on these fluxes was crucial for a good design of a mould, effective cooling system and generally the whole caster. In the study an enthalpy-porosity technique implemented in Fluent package was used for modeling the solidification process. In this method, the phase change interface was determined on the basis of the liquid fraction approach. In inverse procedure the sensitivity analysis was applied for retrieving boundary conditions. A comparison of the measured and retrieved values showed a high accuracy of the computations. Additionally, the influence of the accuracy of measurements on the estimated heat fluxes was also investigated.
Abstract: Self-organizing map (SOM) is a well known data
reduction technique used in data mining. It can reveal structure in
data sets through data visualization that is otherwise hard to detect
from raw data alone. However, interpretation through visual
inspection is prone to errors and can be very tedious. There are
several techniques for the automatic detection of clusters of code
vectors found by SOM, but they generally do not take into account
the distribution of code vectors; this may lead to unsatisfactory
clustering and poor definition of cluster boundaries, particularly
where the density of data points is low. In this paper, we propose the
use of an adaptive heuristic particle swarm optimization (PSO)
algorithm for finding cluster boundaries directly from the code
vectors obtained from SOM. The application of our method to
several standard data sets demonstrates its feasibility. PSO algorithm
utilizes a so-called U-matrix of SOM to determine cluster boundaries;
the results of this novel automatic method compare very favorably to
boundary detection through traditional algorithms namely k-means
and hierarchical based approach which are normally used to interpret
the output of SOM.