Abstract: It is suggested to evaluate environmental performance
of energy sector using Data Envelopment Analysis with nondiscretionary
factors (DEA-ND) with relative indicators as inputs and
outputs. The latter allows for comparison of the objects essentially
different in size. Inclusion of non-discretionary factors serves
separation of the indicators that are beyond the control of the objects.
A virtual perfect object comprised of maximal outputs and minimal
inputs was added to the group of actual ones. In this setting, explicit
solution of the DEA-ND problem was obtained. Energy sector of the
United States was analyzed using suggested approach for the period
of 1980 – 2006 with expected values of economic indicators for 2030
used for forming the perfect object. It was obtained that
environmental performance has been increasing steadily for the
period from 7.7% through 50.0% but still remains well below the
prospected level
Abstract: This paper presents a new stable robust adaptive controller and observer design for a class of nonlinear systems that contain i. Coupling of unmeasured states and unknown parameters ii. Unknown dead zone at the system actuator. The system is firstly cast into a modified form in which the observer and parameter estimation become feasible. Then a stable robust adaptive controller, state observer, parameter update laws are derived that would provide global adaptive system stability and desirable performance. To validate the approach, simulation was performed to a single-link mechanical system with a dynamic friction model and unknown dead zone exists at the system actuation. Then a comparison is presented with the results when there is no dead zone at the system actuation.
Abstract: In this paper the authors propose and verify an approach to control heat flow in machine tool components. Thermal deformations are a main aspect that affects the accuracy of machining. Due to goals of energy efficiency, thermal basic loads should be reduced. This leads to inhomogeneous and time variant temperature profiles. To counteract these negative consequences, material with high melting enthalpy is used as a method for thermal stabilization. The increased thermal capacity slows down the transient thermal behavior. To account for the delayed thermal equilibrium, a control mechanism for thermal flow is introduced. By varying a gap in a heat flow path the thermal resistance of an assembly can be controlled. This mechanism is evaluated in two experimental setups. First to validate the ability to control the thermal resistance and second to prove the possibility of a self-sufficient option based on the selfsensing abilities of thermal shape memory alloys.
Abstract: It is estimated that the total cost of abnormal
conditions to US process industries is around $20 billion dollars in
annual losses. The hydrotreatment (HDT) of diesel fuel in petroleum
refineries is a conversion process that leads to high profitable
economical returns. However, this is a difficult process to control
because it is operated continuously, with high hydrogen pressures
and it is also subject to disturbances in feed properties and catalyst
performance. So, the automatic detection of fault and diagnosis plays
an important role in this context. In this work, a hybrid approach
based on neural networks together with a pos-processing
classification algorithm is used to detect faults in a simulated HDT
unit. Nine classes (8 faults and the normal operation) were correctly
classified using the proposed approach in a maximum time of 5
minutes, based on on-line data process measurements.
Abstract: Optical burst switching(OBS) is considered as one of
preferable network technologies for the next generation Internet. The
Internet has two traffic classes, i.e. real-time bursts and reliable bursts.
It is an important subject for OBS to achieve cooperated operation of
real-time bursts and reliable bursts. In this paper, we proposes a new
effective traffic control method named Separate TB+LB (Token
Bucket + Leaky Bucket : TB+LB) method. The proposed method
presents a new Token Bucket scheme for real-time bursts called as
RBO-TB (Real-time Bursts Oriented Token Bucket). The method also
applies the LB method to reliable bursts for obtaining better
performance. This paper verifies the effectiveness of the Separate
TB+LB method through the performance evaluation.
Abstract: Erwinia carotovora var. carotovora is the main cause of soft rot in potatoes. Hyphaene thebaica was studied for biocontrol of E. carotovora which inhibited growth of E. carotovora on solid medium, a comparative study of classical and ultrasound-assisted extractions of Hyphaene thebaica fruit. The use of ultrasound decreased significant the total time of treatment and increase the total amount of crude extract. The crude extract was subjected to determine the in vitro, by a bioassay technique revealed that the treatment of paper disks with ultrasound extraction of Hyphaene thebaica reduced the growth of pathogen and produced inhibition zones up to 38mm in diameter. The antioxidant activity of ultrasound-ethanolic extract of Doum fruits (Hyphaene thebaica) was determined. Data obtained showed that the extract contains the secondary metabolites such as Tannins, Saponin, Flavonoids, Phenols, Steroids, Terpenoids, Glycosides and Alkaloids.
Abstract: This paper presents a tested research concept that
implements a complex evolutionary algorithm, genetic algorithm
(GA), in a multi-microcontroller environment. Parallel Distributed
Genetic Algorithm (PDGA) is employed in adaptive beam forming
technique to reduce power usage of adaptive antenna at WCDMA
base station. Adaptive antenna has dynamic beam that requires more
advanced beam forming algorithm such as genetic algorithm which
requires heavy computation and memory space. Microcontrollers are
low resource platforms that are normally not associated with GAs,
which are typically resource intensive. The aim of this project was to
design a cooperative multiprocessor system by expanding the role of
small scale PIC microcontrollers to optimize WCDMA base station
transmitter power. Implementation results have shown that PDGA
multi-microcontroller system returned optimal transmitted power
compared to conventional GA.
Abstract: spherical porous carbon particles with
controllable porosity with a mean size of 2.5m have been
prepared using a spray drying method with organic particle
colloidal template. As a precursor, a mixing solution of carbon
nanopowder and polystyrene (PS) particles as a template was
used. The result showed that the particles with a good porous
structure could be obtained. The pore size and shape (spherical)
were identical to the initial template, giving a potential way for
further developments. The control of particle porosity was also
possible and reported in this paper, in which this control could
be achieved by means of PS concentration.
Abstract: Application of synthetic antioxidants such as tertbutylhydroquinon
(TBHQ), in spite of their efficiency, is questioned
because of their possible carcinogenic effect. The purpose of this
study was application of mixtures of natural antioxidants that provide
the best oxidative stability for margarine. Antioxidant treatments
included 10 various mixtures (F1- F10) containing 100-500ppm
tocopherol mixture (Toc), 100-200ppm ascorbyl palmitate (AP), 100-
200ppm rosemary extract (Ros) and 1000ppm lecithin(Lec) along
with a control or F0 (with no antioxidant) and F11 with 120ppm
TBHQ. The effect of antioxidant mixtures on the stability of
margarine samples during oven test (60°C), rancimat test at 110°C
and storage at 4°C was evaluated. Final ranking of natural antioxidant
mixtures was as follows: F2,F10>F5,F9>F8>F1,F3,F4>F6, F7.
Considering the results of this research and ranking criteria,
F2(200ppmAp + 200ppmRos) and F10(200ppmRos + 200ppmToc
+1000ppmLec) were recommended as substitutes for TBHQ to
maintain the quality and increase the shelf-life of margarine.
Abstract: Multilevel inverters supplied from equal and constant
dc sources almost don-t exist in practical applications. The variation
of the dc sources affects the values of the switching angles required
for each specific harmonic profile, as well as increases the difficulty
of the harmonic elimination-s equations. This paper presents an
extremely fast optimal solution of harmonic elimination of multilevel
inverters with non-equal dc sources using Tanaka's fuzzy linear
regression formulation. A set of mathematical equations describing
the general output waveform of the multilevel inverter with nonequal
dc sources is formulated. Fuzzy linear regression is then
employed to compute the optimal solution set of switching angles.
Abstract: This paper is a simple and systematic approaches to the design and analysis a pulse width modulation (PWM) based sliding mode controller for buck DC-DC Converters. Various aspects of the design, including the practical problems and the proposed solutions, are detailed. However, these control strategies can't compensate for large load current and input voltage variations. In this paper, a new control strategy by compromising both schemes advantages and avoiding their drawbacks is proposed, analyzed and simulated.
Abstract: In this paper, a method based on Non-Dominated
Sorting Genetic Algorithm (NSGA) has been presented for the Volt /
Var control in power distribution systems with dispersed generation
(DG). Genetic algorithm approach is used due to its broad
applicability, ease of use and high accuracy. The proposed method is
better suited for volt/var control problems. A multi-objective
optimization problem has been formulated for the volt/var control of
the distribution system. The non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm
based method proposed in this paper, alleviates the problem of tuning
the weighting factors required in solving the multi-objective volt/var
control optimization problems. Based on the simulation studies
carried out on the distribution system, the proposed scheme has been
found to be simple, accurate and easy to apply to solve the multiobjective
volt/var control optimization problem of the distribution
system with dispersed generation.
Abstract: For sterilization of Phalaenopsis culture medium without autoclaving, selected single sterilizing agents and in combinations were added to a 25ml Hyponex medium in a 120ml glass container. Treated liquid and solid media, supplemented with sterilizing agents, were compared to a control medium, autoclaved at 121°C for 15min. It was found that 90(L of 10% povidone-iodine, 150(L of 5.25% sodium hypochlorite, 150(L of 2% mercurochrome, 90(L of 2.5% iodine + 2.5% potassium iodine in combination with 10% providone-iodine (1:3) and 30(L of 2.5% iodine + 2.5% potassium iodide in combination with 2% mercurochrome showed 100% sterile conditions in liquid medium but provided 75, 100, 50, 75 and 80% sterile conditions, respectively, in solid medium. For growth of Phalaenopsis protocorms, 90(L of 10% povidone-iodine in liquid Hyponex medium gave the comparable growth of protocorms to control medium while 150(L of 5.25% sodium hypochlorite in solid medium provided the promising growth of protocorms. Growth of protocorms, whole fresh weight, numbers of leaf and root, root length and number of protocorm-like bodies, was discussed.
Abstract: Even it has been recognized that Shape Memory
Alloys (SMA) have a significant potential for deployment actuators,
the number of applications of SMA-based actuators to the present
day is still quite small, due to the need of deep understanding of the
thermo-mechanical behavior of SMA, causing an important need for
a mathematical model able to describe all thermo-mechanical
properties of SMA by relatively simple final set of constitutive
equations. SMAs offer attractive potentials such as: reversible strains
of several percent, generation of high recovery stresses and high
power / weight ratios. The paper tries to provide an overview of the
shape memory functions and a presentation of the designed and
developed temperature control system used for a gripper actuated by
two pairs of differential SMA active springs. An experimental setup
was established, using electrical energy for actuator-s springs heating
process. As for holding the temperature of the SMA springs at certain
level for a long time was developed a control system in order to
avoid the active elements overheating.
Abstract: Fertilization plays an important role in crop growth and soil improvement. This study was conducted to determine the best fertilization system for wheat production. Experiments were arranged in a complete block design with three replications in two years. Main plots consisted of six methods of fertilization including (N1): farmyard manure; (N2): compost; (N3): chemical fertilizers; (N4): farmyard manure + compost; (N5): farmyard manure + compost + chemical fertilizers and (N6): control were arranged in sub plots. The addition of compost or farm yard manure significantly increased the soil microbial biomass carbon in comparison to the chemical fertilizer. The dehydrogenase, phosphatase and urease activities in the N3 treatment were significantly lower than in the farm yard manure and compost treatments.
Abstract: Most of the academics connect a theory of
multiculturalism with globalization and limit it by last decades of
20th century. However, Kazakh society encountered with this
problem when the Soviet-s rule emerged. As a result of repression,
the Second World War, development of virgin lands representatives
of more than 100 nationalities lives in Kazakhstan. Communist
ideology propagandized internationalism, which would defined
principles of multicultural community but a common ideology
demands a single culture. As a result multicultural society in the
USSR developed under control of Russian culture. Education in the
USSR was conducted in two departments: autochthonous and
Russian. Autochthonous education narrowed student capabilities.
Also because of soviet ideology science was conducted in Russian
Universities provided education in Russian and all science literature
were in Russian. Exceptions were humanitarian fields where Kazakh
departments were admitted. Naturally non-Kazakhs studied in
Russian departments, moreover Kazakhs preferred to study in
Russian as most do nowadays preferring English. As a result Kazakh
society consisted of Kazakhs, Kazakhs who recognized Russian as a
mother tongue and other nationalities who were also Russian
speakers. This aspect continues to distinguish particular qualities of
multicultural community in Kazakhstan.
Abstract: This paper discusses the design characteristics management accounting systems should have to be useful for strategic planning and control and provides brief introductions to strategic variance analysis, profit-linked performance measurement models and balanced scorecard. It shows two multi-period, multiproduct models are specified, can be related to Porter's strategy framework and cost and revenue drivers, and can be used to support strategic planning, control and cost management.
Abstract: This paper presents ageing experiments controlled by the evolution of junction parameters. The deterioration of the device is related to high injection effects which modified the transport mechanisms in the space charge region of the junction. Physical phenomena linked to the degradation of junction parameters that affect the devices reliability are reported and discussed. We have used the method based on numerical analysis of experimental current-voltage characteristic of the junction, in order to extract the electrical parameters. The simultaneous follow-up of the evolutions of the series resistance and of the transition voltage allow us to introduce a new parameter for reliability evaluation.
Abstract: Automatic control of the robotic manipulator involves
study of kinematics and dynamics as a major issue. This paper
involves the forward and inverse kinematics of 2-DOF robotic
manipulator with revolute joints. In this study the Denavit-
Hartenberg (D-H) model is used to model robot links and joints. Also
forward and inverse kinematics solution has been achieved using
Artificial Neural Networks for 2-DOF robotic manipulator. It shows
that by using artificial neural network the solution we get is faster,
acceptable and has zero error.
Abstract: This paper presents a Particle Swarm Optimization
(PSO) method for determining the optimal parameters of a first-order
controller for TCP/AQM system. The model TCP/AQM is described
by a second-order system with time delay. First, the analytical
approach, based on the D-decomposition method and Lemma of
Kharitonov, is used to determine the stabilizing regions of a firstorder
controller. Second, the optimal parameters of the controller are
obtained by the PSO algorithm. Finally, the proposed method is
implemented in the Network Simulator NS-2 and compared with the
PI controller.