Abstract: For micro-gyroscopes, the angular rate detection components have to oscillate forwards and backwards alternatively. An innovative design of micro-electromagnetic drive module is proposed to make a Π-type disc reciprocally and efficiently rotate within a certain of angular interval. Twelve Electromagnetic poles enclosing the thin disc are designed to provide the magnetic drive power. Isotropic etching technique is employed to fabricate the high-aspect-ratio trench, so that the contact angle of wire against trench can be increased and the potential defect of cavities and pores within the wire can be prevented. On the other hand, a Π-type thin disc is designed to conduct the pitch motion as an angular excitation, in addition to spinning, is exerted on the gyroscope. The efficacy of the micro-magnetic drive module is verified by the commercial software, Ansoft Maxewll. In comparison with the conventional planar windings in micro-scale systems, the magnetic drive force is increased by 150%.
Abstract: Rice husk is a lignocellulosic source that can be
converted to ethanol. Three hundreds grams of rice husk was mixed
with 1 L of 0.18 N sulfuric acid solutions then was heated in an
autoclave. The reaction was expected to be at constant temperature
(isothermal), but before that temperature was achieved, reaction has
occurred. The first liquid sample was taken at temperature of 140 0C
and repeated every 5 minute interval. So the data obtained are in the
regions of non-isothermal and isothermal. It was observed that the
degradation has significant effects on the ethanol production. The
kinetic constants can be expressed by Arrhenius equation with the
frequency factors for hydrolysis and sugar degradation of 1.58 x 105
min-1 and 2.29 x 108 L/mole-min, respectively, while the activation
energies are 64,350 J/mole and 76,571 J/mole. The highest ethanol
concentration from fermentation is 1.13% v/v, attained at 220 0C.
Abstract: Traditional development of wireless sensor network
mote is generally based on SoC1 platform. Such method of
development faces three main drawbacks: lack of flexibility in terms
of development due to low resource and rigid architecture of SoC;
low capability of evolution and portability versus performance if
specific micro-controller architecture features are used; and the rapid
obsolescence of micro-controller comparing to the long lifetime of
power plants or any industrial installations. To overcome these
drawbacks, we have explored a new approach of development of
wireless sensor network mote using a hybrid FPGA technology. The
application of such approach is illustrated through the
implementation of an innovative wireless sensor network protocol
called OCARI.
Abstract: This paper discusses the cued speech recognition
methods in videoconference. Cued speech is a specific gesture
language that is used for communication between deaf people. We
define the criteria for sentence intelligibility according to answers of
testing subjects (deaf people). In our tests we use 30 sample videos
coded by H.264 codec with various bit-rates and various speed of
cued speech. Additionally, we define the criteria for consonant sign
recognizability in single-handed finger alphabet (dactyl) analogically
to acoustics. We use another 12 sample videos coded by H.264 codec
with various bit-rates in four different video formats. To interpret the
results we apply the standard scale for subjective video quality
evaluation and the percentual evaluation of intelligibility as in
acoustics. From the results we construct the minimum coded bit-rate
recommendations for every spatial resolution.
Abstract: The objective of this research was to determine the
potency of indigenous acid-aluminium tolerant Bradyrhizobium
japonicum as producer of indole acetic acid (IAA) and applied it as
nitrogen fixation on local soybeans viz Anjasmoro, Tanggamus
(yellow soybean seeds), and Detam (black soybean seed). Three
isolates of acid-aluminium tolerant Bradyrhizobium japonicum (BJ)
were used in this research, i.e. BJ 11 (wt), BJ 11 (19) - BJ 11(wt)
mutant, and USDA 110 as a reference isolate. All of isolates tested to
produce the IAA by using Salkowsky method. Effect of IAA
production by each of B. japonicum was tested on growth pouch and
greenhouse using three varieties of soybean. All isolates could grow
well and produce IAA on yeast mannitol broth (YMB) medium in
the presence of 0.5 mM L-tryptophan. BJ 11 (19) produced the
highest of IAA at 4 days incubation compared to BJ 11 (wt) and
USDA 110. All tested isolates of Bradyrhizobium japonicum have
showed effect on stimulating the formation of root nodules in
soybean varieties grown on Leonard bottle. The concentration of
IAA on root nodules of soybean symbiotic with B. japonicum was
significantly different with control, except on the treatment using
Tanggamus soybean.
Abstract: Nowadays, the focus on renewable energy and alternative fuels has increased due to increasing oil prices, environment pollution, and also concern on preserving the nature. Biodiesel has been known as an attractive alternative fuel although biodiesel produced from edible oil is very expensive than conventional diesel. Therefore, the uses of biodiesel produced from non-edible oils are much better option. Currently Jatropha biodiesel (JBD) is receiving attention as an alternative fuel for diesel engine. Biodiesel is non-toxic, biodegradable, high lubricant ability, highly renewable, and its use therefore produces real reduction in petroleum consumption and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. Although biodiesel has many advantages, but it still has several properties need to improve, such as lower calorific value, lower effective engine power, higher emission of nitrogen oxides (NOX) and greater sensitivity to low temperature. Exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) is effective technique to reduce NOX emission from diesel engines because it enables lower flame temperature and oxygen concentration in the combustion chamber. Some studies succeeded to reduce the NOX emission from biodiesel by EGR but they observed increasing soot emission. The aim of this study was to investigate the engine performance and soot emission by using blended Jatropha biodiesel with different EGR rates. A CI engine that is water-cooled, turbocharged, using indirect injection system was used for the investigation. Soot emission, NOX, CO2, carbon monoxide (CO) were recorded and various engine performance parameters were also evaluated.
Abstract: A therapeutic success is the aim of any therapeutic
intervention, but a therapeutic failure is the other side of the same
coin. The purpose of this study is to present the activity of a personal
development group, composed of 14 participants (psychologists,
doctors and a priest) registered for a 2 days course of integrative
psychotherapy. The objectives of this study are centred on: the
management of the personal development group breaking moment
realized by the therapist/trainer; the analysis of the trainer’s personal
situation and of some group participants and the brief presentation of
the main work methods applied on participants in the repairing of the
therapeutic relation and in the counter transfer management. The
therapist’s orientation is an integrative one and the demarche realized
includes T.A. techniques, role play, Gestalt and family systemic
psychotherapy. The conclusions obtained represent landmarks for the
future activity within that group and strengthen the therapeutic
relation with the group.
Abstract: Malaria is by far the world-s most persistent tropical parasitic disease and is endemic to tropical areas where the climatic and weather conditions allow continuous breeding of the mosquitoes that spread malaria. A mathematical model for the transmission of malaria with prophylaxis prevention is analyzed. The stability analysis of the equilibria is presented with the aim of finding threshold conditions under which malaria clears or persists in the human population. Our results suggest that eradication of mosquitoes and prophylaxis prevention can significantly reduce the malaria burden on the human population.
Abstract: This paper uses p-tolerance with the lowest posterior
loss, quadratic loss function, average length criteria, average
coverage criteria, and worst outcome criterion for computing of
sample size to estimate proportion in Binomial probability function
with Beta prior distribution. The proposed methodology is examined,
and its effectiveness is shown.
Abstract: The quantified residence time distribution (RTD)
provides a numerical characterization of mixing in a reactor, thus
allowing the process engineer to better understand mixing
performance of the reactor.This paper discusses computational
studies to investigate flow patterns in a two impinging streams
cyclone reactor(TISCR) . Flow in the reactor was modeled with
computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Utilizing the Eulerian-
Lagrangian approach, implemented in FLUENT (V6.3.22), particle
trajectories were obtained by solving the particle force balance
equations. From simulation results obtained at different Δts, the mean
residence time (tm) and the mean square deviation (σ2) were
calculated. a good agreement can be observed between predicted and
experimental data. Simulation results indicate that the behavior of
complex reactor systems can be predicted using the CFD technique
with minimum data requirement for validation.
Abstract: A horizontal anaerobic digester was developed and
tested in pilot scale for Korean food waste with high water contents
(>80%). The hydrogen sulfide in the biogas was removed by a
biological desulfurization equipment integrated in the horizontal
digester. A mixer of the horizontal digester was designed to easily
remove the sediment in the bottom and scum layers on surface in the
digester. Experimental result for 120 days of operation of the pilot
plant showed a high removal efficiency of 81.2% for organic
substance and high stability during the whole operation period were
acquired. Also food waste was treated at high organic loading rates
over 4 kg•VS/m3∙day and a methane gas production rate of 0.62
m3/kg•VSremoved was accomplished.
The biological desulfurization equipment inside the horizontal
digester was proven to be an economic and effective method to reduce
the biogas desulfurization cost by removing hydrogen sulfide more
than 90% without external desulfurization equipments.
Abstract: The dissolution of spherical particles in liquids is analyzed dynamically. Here, we consider the case the dissolution of solute yields a solute-free solid phase in the outer portion of a particle. As dissolution proceeds, the interface between the undissolved solid phase and the solute-free solid phase moves towards the center of the particle. We assume that there exist two resistances for the diffusion of solute molecules: the resistance due to the solute-free portion of the particle and that due to a surface layer near solid-liquid interface. In general, the equation governing the dynamic behavior of dissolution needs to be solved numerically. However, analytical expressions for the temporal variation of the size of the undissoved portion of a particle and the variation of dissolution time can be obtained in some special cases. The present analysis takes the effect of variable bulk solute concentration on dissolution into account.
Abstract: According to development of communications and
web-based technologies in recent years, e-Learning has became very
important for everyone and is seen as one of most dynamic teaching
methods.
Grid computing is a pattern for increasing of computing power
and storage capacity of a system and is based on hardware and
software resources in a network with common purpose. In this article
we study grid architecture and describe its different layers. In this
way, we will analyze grid layered architecture. Then we will
introduce a new suitable architecture for e-Learning which is based
on grid network, and for this reason we call it Grid Learning
Architecture. Various sections and layers of suggested architecture
will be analyzed; especially grid middleware layer that has key role.
This layer is heart of grid learning architecture and, in fact,
regardless of this layer, e-Learning based on grid architecture will
not be feasible.
Abstract: Steroidal hormones with the efficient changes on the epiphyseal growth plate may influence tissue structure properties. Presents paper to investigate the effects of gonadectomy in the pattern distribution of the epiphyseal structure. Fifteen adult female New Zealand white rabbits were separated into three groups. One group was intact and others groups were selected for surgical operation. From these two groups, one group carried out steroidal administration. The results obtained showed that there is no statistically difference in the mean diameter of the growth plate cells between all three groups. The maximum value of the cartilage cells were allocated to the gonadectomized group and the minimum number were observed in Hormonal induced group significantly. Growth plate height was significantly greater in gonadectomized group than in two other groups.
Abstract: Assume that we have m identical graphs where the
graphs consists of paths with k vertices where k is a positive integer.
In this paper, we discuss certain labelling of the m graphs called
c-Erdösian for some positive integers c. We regard labellings of the
vertices of the graphs by positive integers, which induce the edge
labels for the paths as the sum of the two incident vertex labels.
They have the property that each vertex label and edge label appears
only once in the set of positive integers {c, . . . , c+6m- 1}. Here,
we show how to construct certain c-Erdösian of m paths with 2 and
3 vertices by using Skolem sequences.
Abstract: As the resources for naturally occurring aggregates
diminished at an ever increasing rate, researchers are keen to utilize
recycled materials in road construction in harmony with sustainable
development. Steel slag, a waste product from the steel making
industry, is one of the recycled materials reported to exhibit great
potential to replace naturally occurring aggregates in asphalt
mixtures. This paper presents the resilient modulus properties of
steel slag asphalt mixtures subjected to short term oven ageing
(STOA). The resilient modulus test was carried out to evaluate the
stiffness of asphalt mixtures at 10ºC, 25ºC and 40ºC. Previous
studies showed that stiffness changes in asphalt mixture played an
important role in inflicting pavement distress particularly cracking
and rutting that are common at low and high temperatures
respectively. Temperature was found to significantly influence the
resilient modulus of asphalt mixes. The resilient modulus of the
asphalt specimens tested decreased by more than 90% when the test
temperature increased from 10°C to 40°C.
Abstract: It is well known that surface enhancements play an important role in augmenting the thermal performance of flat plate solar collector. In this paper, an attempt is made to explain in a comparative way the effect of surface geometry of solar collector having dimple geometry with that of a flat plate solar collector of the same size. A CFD analysis was carried out for the two cases, subjected to a constant heat flux of 600W/m2 and 1000W/m2. It can be inferred from the study that the absorber plate temperature shows a rise of average surface temperature of about 50C for the dimple solar collector when compared to a flat plate solar collector. Most importantly, the average exit water temperature shows a marked improvement of about 5.50C for a dimple solar collector as compared to that of a flat plate solar collector.
Abstract: Capital structure is one of the most important financial
decisions in corporate financing strategy. It involves the choice of
debt and equity level in financing a company-s operations. This study
aims to investigate whether the capital structure choice of Malaysian
electrical and electronic manufacturing companies that are listed in
the Bursa Malaysia can be explained by factors that have been found
by most studies as dominant determinants of capital structure
(company size, profitability, asset tangibility, liquidity and growth).
Using debt ratio as the proxy for capital structure and applying
pooled ordinary least square multiple regression estimation, the
results showed that on average, Malaysian electrical and electronic
manufacturing companies used less debt in funding their business
operations. The findings also showed that size and asset tangibility
has a significant positive relationship with debt level, while liquidity
has a negative significant relationship with leverage.
Abstract: Collaborative problem solving in e-learning can take
in the form of discussion among learner, creating a highly social
learning environment and characterized by participation and
interactivity. This paper, designed a collaborative learning
environment where agent act as co-learner, can play different roles
during interaction. Since different roles have been assigned to the
agent, learner will assume that multiple co-learner exists to help and
guide him all throughout the collaborative problem solving process,
but in fact, alone during the learning process. Specifically, it answers
the questions what roles of the agent should be incorporated to
contribute better learning outcomes, how agent will facilitate the
communication process to provide social learning and interactivity
and what are the specific instructional strategies that facilitate learner
participation, increased skill acquisition and develop critical thinking.
Abstract: The nature of wireless ad hoc and sensor networks
make them very attractive to attackers. One of the most popular and
serious attacks in wireless ad hoc networks is wormhole attack and
most proposed protocols to defend against this attack used
positioning devices, synchronized clocks, or directional antennas.
This paper analyzes the nature of wormhole attack and existing
methods of defending mechanism and then proposes round trip time
(RTT) and neighbor numbers based wormhole detection mechanism.
The consideration of proposed mechanism is the RTT between two
successive nodes and those nodes- neighbor number which is needed
to compare those values of other successive nodes. The identification
of wormhole attacks is based on the two faces. The first consideration
is that the transmission time between two wormhole attack affected
nodes is considerable higher than that between two normal neighbor
nodes. The second detection mechanism is based on the fact that by
introducing new links into the network, the adversary increases the
number of neighbors of the nodes within its radius. This system does
not require any specific hardware, has good performance and little
overhead and also does not consume extra energy. The proposed
system is designed in ad hoc on-demand distance vector (AODV)
routing protocol and analysis and simulations of the proposed system
are performed in network simulator (ns-2).