Pseudo-Homogeneous Kinetic of Dilute-Acid Hydrolysis of Rice Huskfor Ethanol Production: Effect of Sugar Degradation
Rice husk is a lignocellulosic source that can be
converted to ethanol. Three hundreds grams of rice husk was mixed
with 1 L of 0.18 N sulfuric acid solutions then was heated in an
autoclave. The reaction was expected to be at constant temperature
(isothermal), but before that temperature was achieved, reaction has
occurred. The first liquid sample was taken at temperature of 140 0C
and repeated every 5 minute interval. So the data obtained are in the
regions of non-isothermal and isothermal. It was observed that the
degradation has significant effects on the ethanol production. The
kinetic constants can be expressed by Arrhenius equation with the
frequency factors for hydrolysis and sugar degradation of 1.58 x 105
min-1 and 2.29 x 108 L/mole-min, respectively, while the activation
energies are 64,350 J/mole and 76,571 J/mole. The highest ethanol
concentration from fermentation is 1.13% v/v, attained at 220 0C.
[1] Demirbas, A., 2005., "Bioethanol from Cellulosic Materials: a
Renewable Motor Fuel from Biomass", Energy Sources, Taylor &
Francis Inc., pp. 327-337.
[2] Hahn-Hagerdal, B., Galbe, M. F. M., Gorwa-Grauslund, Liden, G., and
Zacchi, G., 2006, "Bio-ethanol-the Fuel of Tomorrow from the Residues
of Today", Science Direct, Elseveir.
[3] Badger, P. C., 2002, "Ethanol from Cellulose: A General Review",
Trends in New Crops and New Uses, ASHS Press., Alexandria, VA, pp.
17-21.
[4] Palmqvist. E., and Hagerdal. B. H., 2000, "Fermentation of
Lignocellulosic Hydrolysates. II: Inhibition and Detoxification",
Bioresource Technology, Elsevier, vol. 74, pp. 25 - 33.
[5] Taherzadeh, M. J., Eklund, R., Gustafsson, L., Niklasson, C., and
Liden., G., 1997, "Characterization and Fermentation of Dilute-Acid
Hydrolyzates from Wood", Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., American Chemical
Society, vol. 36, pp. 4659 - 4665.
[6] Taherzadeh, M. J., and Niklasson, C., 2003, "Ethanol from
Lignocellulosic Materials: Pretreatment, Acid and Enzymatic
Hydrolyses and Fermentation", Prentice-Hall International, Inc., New
Jersey, 3 ed., pp. 6-9.
[7] Maloney, M. T., Chapman, T. W., and Baker, A. J., 1985, "Dilute Acid
Hydrolysis of Paper Birch: Kinetics Studies of Xylan and Acetyl-Group
Hydrolysis", Biotechnology and Bioengineering, John Wiley & Sons,
Inc., vol. XXVII, pp. 355-361.
[8] Karimi, K., Kheradmandinia, S., and Taherzadeh, M. J., 2006,
"Conversion of Rice Straw to Sugars by Dilute-Acid Hydrolysis",
Biomass & Bioenergy, Elseveir, vol. 30, pp. 247 - 253.
[9] Cendrowska, A., 2008, "Hydrolysis Kinetics of Cellulose of Forest and
Agricultural Biomass", European Journal of Wood and Wood Products,
Springer Berlin.
[10] Saracoglu, N. E., Mutlu, S. F., Dilmac, F., and Cavusoglu, H., 1998, "A
Comparative Kinetics Study of Acidic Hemicellulose Hydrolysis in
Corn Cob and Sunflower Seed Hull", Bioresource Technology, Elsevier,
vol. 65, pp. 29 - 33.
[11] Mosier, N. S., Ladish, C. M., and Ladish, M. R., 2002,
"Characterization of Acid Catalytic Domains for Cellulose Hydrolysis
and Glucose Degradation", Biotechnology and Bioengineering,
Elsevier, vol. 79, pp. 610 - 618.
[12] Fogler, H. S., 1999, Elements of Chemical Reaction Engineering, 3 ed.,
Prentice-Hall International, Inc., New Jersey, pp. 6-9.
[13] Rahman, S. H. A., Choudhury, J. P., and Ahmad, A. L., 2006,
"Production of Xylose from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Buch Fiber using
Sulfuric Acid", Biochemical Engineering Journal, Elsevier, Vol. 30, pp.
97 - 103.
[14] Miller, S., and Hester, R., 2007, "Concentrated Acid Conversion of Pine
Sawdust to Sugars. Part II; High Temperature Batch Reactor Kinetics of
Pretreated Pine Sawdust", Chemical Engineering Communications, Vol.
194, pp. 103 - 116.
[15] Latif, F., and Rajoka, M. I., 2001, "Production of Ethanol and Xylitol
from Corn Cobs by Yeasts", Bioresource Technology, Elsevier, vol. 77,
pp. 57 - 63.
[16] Govindaswamy, S., and Vane, L.M., 2010, "Multi-stage Continuous
Culture Fermentation of Glucose-Xylose Mixtures to Fuel Ethanol using
Genetically Engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae 424S", Elsevier, vol.
101. pp. 1277 - 1284.
[1] Demirbas, A., 2005., "Bioethanol from Cellulosic Materials: a
Renewable Motor Fuel from Biomass", Energy Sources, Taylor &
Francis Inc., pp. 327-337.
[2] Hahn-Hagerdal, B., Galbe, M. F. M., Gorwa-Grauslund, Liden, G., and
Zacchi, G., 2006, "Bio-ethanol-the Fuel of Tomorrow from the Residues
of Today", Science Direct, Elseveir.
[3] Badger, P. C., 2002, "Ethanol from Cellulose: A General Review",
Trends in New Crops and New Uses, ASHS Press., Alexandria, VA, pp.
17-21.
[4] Palmqvist. E., and Hagerdal. B. H., 2000, "Fermentation of
Lignocellulosic Hydrolysates. II: Inhibition and Detoxification",
Bioresource Technology, Elsevier, vol. 74, pp. 25 - 33.
[5] Taherzadeh, M. J., Eklund, R., Gustafsson, L., Niklasson, C., and
Liden., G., 1997, "Characterization and Fermentation of Dilute-Acid
Hydrolyzates from Wood", Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., American Chemical
Society, vol. 36, pp. 4659 - 4665.
[6] Taherzadeh, M. J., and Niklasson, C., 2003, "Ethanol from
Lignocellulosic Materials: Pretreatment, Acid and Enzymatic
Hydrolyses and Fermentation", Prentice-Hall International, Inc., New
Jersey, 3 ed., pp. 6-9.
[7] Maloney, M. T., Chapman, T. W., and Baker, A. J., 1985, "Dilute Acid
Hydrolysis of Paper Birch: Kinetics Studies of Xylan and Acetyl-Group
Hydrolysis", Biotechnology and Bioengineering, John Wiley & Sons,
Inc., vol. XXVII, pp. 355-361.
[8] Karimi, K., Kheradmandinia, S., and Taherzadeh, M. J., 2006,
"Conversion of Rice Straw to Sugars by Dilute-Acid Hydrolysis",
Biomass & Bioenergy, Elseveir, vol. 30, pp. 247 - 253.
[9] Cendrowska, A., 2008, "Hydrolysis Kinetics of Cellulose of Forest and
Agricultural Biomass", European Journal of Wood and Wood Products,
Springer Berlin.
[10] Saracoglu, N. E., Mutlu, S. F., Dilmac, F., and Cavusoglu, H., 1998, "A
Comparative Kinetics Study of Acidic Hemicellulose Hydrolysis in
Corn Cob and Sunflower Seed Hull", Bioresource Technology, Elsevier,
vol. 65, pp. 29 - 33.
[11] Mosier, N. S., Ladish, C. M., and Ladish, M. R., 2002,
"Characterization of Acid Catalytic Domains for Cellulose Hydrolysis
and Glucose Degradation", Biotechnology and Bioengineering,
Elsevier, vol. 79, pp. 610 - 618.
[12] Fogler, H. S., 1999, Elements of Chemical Reaction Engineering, 3 ed.,
Prentice-Hall International, Inc., New Jersey, pp. 6-9.
[13] Rahman, S. H. A., Choudhury, J. P., and Ahmad, A. L., 2006,
"Production of Xylose from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Buch Fiber using
Sulfuric Acid", Biochemical Engineering Journal, Elsevier, Vol. 30, pp.
97 - 103.
[14] Miller, S., and Hester, R., 2007, "Concentrated Acid Conversion of Pine
Sawdust to Sugars. Part II; High Temperature Batch Reactor Kinetics of
Pretreated Pine Sawdust", Chemical Engineering Communications, Vol.
194, pp. 103 - 116.
[15] Latif, F., and Rajoka, M. I., 2001, "Production of Ethanol and Xylitol
from Corn Cobs by Yeasts", Bioresource Technology, Elsevier, vol. 77,
pp. 57 - 63.
[16] Govindaswamy, S., and Vane, L.M., 2010, "Multi-stage Continuous
Culture Fermentation of Glucose-Xylose Mixtures to Fuel Ethanol using
Genetically Engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae 424S", Elsevier, vol.
101. pp. 1277 - 1284.
@article{"International Journal of Biological, Life and Agricultural Sciences:57222", author = "Megawati and Wahyudi B. Sediawan and Hary Sulistyo and Muslikhin Hidayat", title = "Pseudo-Homogeneous Kinetic of Dilute-Acid Hydrolysis of Rice Huskfor Ethanol Production: Effect of Sugar Degradation", abstract = "Rice husk is a lignocellulosic source that can be
converted to ethanol. Three hundreds grams of rice husk was mixed
with 1 L of 0.18 N sulfuric acid solutions then was heated in an
autoclave. The reaction was expected to be at constant temperature
(isothermal), but before that temperature was achieved, reaction has
occurred. The first liquid sample was taken at temperature of 140 0C
and repeated every 5 minute interval. So the data obtained are in the
regions of non-isothermal and isothermal. It was observed that the
degradation has significant effects on the ethanol production. The
kinetic constants can be expressed by Arrhenius equation with the
frequency factors for hydrolysis and sugar degradation of 1.58 x 105
min-1 and 2.29 x 108 L/mole-min, respectively, while the activation
energies are 64,350 J/mole and 76,571 J/mole. The highest ethanol
concentration from fermentation is 1.13% v/v, attained at 220 0C.", keywords = "degradation, ethanol, hydrolysis, rice husk.", volume = "4", number = "5", pages = "307-4", }
