Abstract: The Ising ferromagnet, consisting of magnetic spins, is
the simplest system showing phase transitions and critical phenomena
at finite temperatures. The Ising ferromagnet has played a central role
in our understanding of phase transitions and critical phenomena.
Also, the Ising ferromagnet explains the gas-liquid phase transitions
accurately. In particular, the Ising ferromagnet in a nonzero magnetic
field has been one of the most intriguing and outstanding unsolved
problems. We study analytically the partition function zeros in the
complex magnetic-field plane and the Yang-Lee edge singularity of
the infinite-range Ising ferromagnet in an external magnetic field.
In addition, we compare the Yang-Lee edge singularity of the
infinite-range Ising ferromagnet with that of the square-lattice Ising
ferromagnet in an external magnetic field.
Abstract: A new method for determining the distribution of
birefringence and linear dichroism in optical polymer materials is
presented. The method is based on the use of polarizationholographic
diffraction grating that forms an orthogonal circular basis
in the process of diffraction of probing laser beam on the grating. The
intensities ratio of the orders of diffraction on this grating enables the
value of birefringence and linear dichroism in the sample to be
determined. The distribution of birefringence in the sample is
determined by scanning with a circularly polarized beam with a
wavelength far from the absorption band of the material. If the
scanning is carried out by probing beam with the wavelength near to
a maximum of the absorption band of the chromophore then the
distribution of linear dichroism can be determined. An appropriate
theoretical model of this method is presented. A laboratory setup was
created for the proposed method. An optical scheme of the laboratory
setup is presented. The results of measurement in polymer films with
two-dimensional gradient distribution of birefringence and linear
dichroism are discussed.
Abstract: A model reference adaptive control and a fixed gain
LQR control were implemented in the height controller of a quadrotor
that has parametric uncertainties due to the act of picking up an
object of unknown dimension and mass. It is shown that an adaptive
controller, unlike the fixed gain controller, is capable of ensuring a
stable tracking performance under such condition, although adaptive
control suffers from several limitations. The combination of both
adaptive and fixed gain control in the controller architecture can
result in an enhanced tracking performance in the presence parametric
uncertainties.
Abstract: In this paper, Bayesian online inference in models of
data series are constructed by change-points algorithm, which
separated the observed time series into independent series and study
the change and variation of the regime of the data with related
statistical characteristics. variation of statistical characteristics of time
series data often represent separated phenomena in the some
dynamical system, like a change in state of brain dynamical reflected
in EEG signal data measurement or a change in important regime of
data in many dynamical system. In this paper, prediction algorithm
for studying change point location in some time series data is
simulated. It is verified that pattern of proposed distribution of data
has important factor on simpler and smother fluctuation of hazard
rate parameter and also for better identification of change point
locations. Finally, the conditions of how the time series distribution
effect on factors in this approach are explained and validated with
different time series databases for some dynamical system.
Abstract: In this paper, we considered and applied parametric
modeling for some experimental data of dynamical system. In this
study, we investigated the different distribution of output
measurement from some dynamical systems. Also, with variance
processing in experimental data we obtained the region of
nonlinearity in experimental data and then identification of output
section is applied in different situation and data distribution. Finally,
the effect of the spanning the measurement such as variance to
identification and limitation of this approach is explained.
Abstract: In this paper, model order reduction method is used
for approximation in linear and nonlinearity aspects in some
experimental data. This method can be used for obtaining offline
reduced model for approximation of experimental data and can
produce and follow the data and order of system and also it can
match to experimental data in some frequency ratios. In this study,
the method is compared in different experimental data and influence
of choosing of order of the model reduction for obtaining the best and
sufficient matching condition for following the data is investigated in
format of imaginary and reality part of the frequency response curve
and finally the effect and important parameter of number of order
reduction in nonlinear experimental data is explained further.
Abstract: Performance of different filtering approaches depends
on modeling of dynamical system and algorithm structure. For
modeling and smoothing the data the evaluation of posterior
distribution in different filtering approach should be chosen carefully.
In this paper different filtering approaches like filter KALMAN,
EKF, UKF, EKS and smoother RTS is simulated in some trajectory
tracking of path and accuracy and limitation of these approaches are
explained. Then probability of model with different filters is
compered and finally the effect of the noise variance to estimation is
described with simulations results.
Abstract: The aim of this study was to design and simulate a
particular type of Asynchronous State Machine (ASM), namely a
‘traffic light controller’ (TLC), operated at a frequency of 0.5 Hz.
The design task involved two main stages: firstly, designing a 4-bit
binary counter using J-K flip flops as the timing signal and,
subsequently, attaining the digital logic by deploying ASM design
process. The TLC was designed such that it showed a sequence of
three different colours, i.e. red, yellow and green, corresponding to
set thresholds by deploying the least number of AND, OR and NOT
gates possible. The software Multisim was deployed to design such
circuit and simulate it for circuit troubleshooting in order for it to
display the output sequence of the three different colours on the
traffic light in the correct order. A clock signal, an asynchronous 4-
bit binary counter that was designed through the use of J-K flip flops
along with an ASM were used to complete this sequence, which was
programmed to be repeated indefinitely. Eventually, the circuit was
debugged and optimized, thus displaying the correct waveforms of
the three outputs through the logic analyser. However, hazards
occurred when the frequency was increased to 10 MHz. This was
attributed to delays in the feedback being too high.
Abstract: Prior to quantifying the variables of the information
model for using school terminology in Croatia's region of Dalmatia
from 1884 to 2014, the most relevant model variables had to be
determined: historical circumstances, standard of living, education
system, linguistic situation, and media. The research findings show
that there was no significant transfer of the 1884 school terms into
1949 usage; likewise, the 1949 school terms were not widely used in
2014. On the other hand, the research revealed that the meaning of
school terms changed over the decades. The quantification of the
variables will serve as the groundwork for creating an information
model for using school terminology in Dalmatia from 1884 to 2014
and for defining direct growth rates in further research.
Abstract: Shortfall of electrical energy in Pakistan is a challenge
adversely affecting its industrial output and social growth. As
elsewhere, Pakistan derives its electrical energy from a number of
conventional sources. The exhaustion of petroleum and conventional
resources, the rising costs coupled with extremely adverse climatic
effects are taking its toll especially on the under-developed countries
like Pakistan. As alternate, renewable energy sources like hydropower,
solar, wind, even bio-energy and a mix of some or all of them
could provide a credible alternative to the conventional energy
resources that would not only be cleaner but sustainable as well. As a
model, solar energy-based power grid for the near future has been
attempted to offset the energy shortfalls as a mix with our existing
sustainable natural energy resources. An assessment of solar energy
potential for electricity generation is being presented for fulfilling the
energy demands with higher level of reliability and sustainability.
This model is based on the premise that solar energy potential of
Pakistan is not only reliable but also sustainable. This research
estimates the present & future approaching renewable energy
resource specially the impact of solar energy based power grid for
mitigating energy shortage in Pakistan.
Abstract: The research was conducted to empirically validate
the proposed maturity model of e-Government implementation,
composed of four dimensions, further specified by 54 success factors
as attributes. To do so, there are two steps were performed. First,
expert’s judgment was conducted to test its content validity. The
second, reliability study was performed to evaluate inter-rater
agreement by using Fleiss Kappa approach. The kappa statistic
(kappa coefficient) is the most commonly used method for testing the
consistency among raters. Fleiss Kappa was a generalization of
Kappa in extensions to the case of more than two raters (multiple
raters) with multi-categorical ratings. Our findings show that most
attributes of the proposed model were related to their corresponding
dimensions. According to our results, The percentage of agree
answers given by the experts was 73.69% in dimension A, 89.76% in
B, 81.5% in C and 60.37% in D. This means that more than half of
the attributes of each dimensions were appropriate or relevant to the
dimensions they were supposed to measure, while 85% of attributes
were relevant enough to their corresponding dimensions. Inter-rater
reliability coefficient also showed satisfactory result and interpreted
as substantial agreement among raters. Therefore, the proposed
model in this paper was valid and reliable to measure the maturity of
e-Government implementation.
Abstract: An existing RC building in Madinah is seismically
evaluated with and without infill wall. Four model systems have been
considered i.e. model I (no infill), model IIA (strut infill-update from
field test), model IIB (strut infill- ASCE/SEI 41) and model IIC (strut
infill-Soft storey- ASCE/SEI 41). Three dimensional pushover
analyses have been carried out using SAP2000 software
incorporating inelastic material behavior for concrete, steel and infill
walls. Infill wall has been modeled as equivalent strut according to
suggested equation matching field test measurements and to the
ASCE/SEI 41 equation. The effect of building modeling on the
performance point as well as capacity and demand spectra due to EQ
design spectrum function in Madinah area has been investigated. The
response modification factor (R) for the 5 story RC building is
evaluated from capacity and demand spectra (ATC-40) for the
studied models. The results are summarized and discussed.
Abstract: Early pre-code reinforced concrete structures present
undetermined resistance to earthquakes. This situation is particularly
unacceptable in the case of essential structures, such as healthcare
structures and pilgrims' houses. Amongst these, an existing old RC
building in Madinah city (KSA) is seismically evaluated with and
without infill wall and their dynamic characteristics are compared
with measured values in the field using ambient vibration
measurements (AVM). After updating the mathematical models for
this building with the experimental results, three dimensional
pushover analysis (Nonlinear static analysis) was carried out using
commercial structural analysis software incorporating inelastic
material properties for concrete, infill and steel. The purpose of this
analysis is to evaluate the expected performance of structural systems
by estimating, strength and deformation demands in design, and
comparing these demands to available capacities at the performance
levels of interest. The results summarized and discussed.
Abstract: The idea of the asynchronous transmission in
wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) ring MANs is studied in
this paper. Especially, we present an efficient access technique to
coordinate the collisions-free transmission of the variable sizes of IP
traffic in WDM ring core networks. Each node is equipped with a
tunable transmitter and a tunable receiver. In this way, all the
wavelengths are exploited for both transmission and reception. In
order to evaluate the performance measures of average throughput,
queuing delay and packet dropping probability at the buffers, a
simulation model that assumes symmetric access rights among the
nodes is developed based on Poisson statistics. Extensive numerical
results show that the proposed protocol achieves apart from high
bandwidth exploitation for a wide range of offered load, fairness of
queuing delay and dropping events among the different packets size
categories.
Abstract: In order to better understand the long term
implications of the grout wear failure mode in large-diameter plainsided
grouted connections, a numerical model has been developed
and calibrated that can take advantage of existing operational plant
data to predict the wear accumulation for the actual load conditions
experienced over a given period, thus limiting the requirement for
expensive monitoring systems. This model has been derived and
calibrated based on site structural condition monitoring (SCM) data
and supervisory control and data acquisition systems (SCADA) data
for two operational wind turbine generator substructures afflicted
with this challenge, along with experimentally derived wear rates.
Abstract: A mixed method by combining modified pole
clustering technique and modified cauer continued fraction is
proposed for reducing the order of the large-scale dynamic systems.
The denominator polynomial of the reduced order model is obtained
by using modified pole clustering technique while the coefficients of
the numerator are obtained by modified cauer continued fraction.
This method generated 'k' number of reduced order models for kth
order reduction. The superiority of the proposed method has been
elaborated through numerical example taken from the literature and
compared with few existing order reduction methods.
Abstract: Rotary draw bending is a method which is being used
in tube forming. In the tube bending process, the neutral axis moves
towards the inner arc and the wall thickness distribution changes for
tube’s cross section. Thinning takes place in the outer arc of the tube
(extrados) due to the stretching of the material, whereas thickening
occurs in the inner arc of the tube (intrados) due to the comparison of
the material. The calculations of the wall thickness distribution,
neutral axis shifting, and strain distribution have not been accurate
enough, so far. The previous model (the geometrical model)
describes the neutral axis shifting and wall thickness distribution. The
geometrical of the tube, bending radius and bending angle are
considered in the geometrical model, while the influence of the
material properties of the tube forming are ignored. The advanced
model is a modification of the previous model using material
properties that depends on the correction factor. The correction factor
is a purely empirically determined factor. The advanced model was
compared with the Finite element simulation (FE simulation) using a
different bending factor (Bf =bending radius/ diameter of the tube),
wall thickness (Wf = diameter of the tube/ wall thickness), and
material properties (strain hardening exponent). Finite element model
of rotary draw bending has been performed in PAM-TUBE program
(version: 2012). Results from the advanced model resemble the FE
simulation and the experimental test.
Abstract: Content-based image retrieval (CBIR) uses the
contents of images to characterize and contact the images. This paper
focus on retrieving the image by separating images into its three color
mechanism R, G and B and for that Discrete Wavelet Transformation
is applied. Then Wavelet based Generalized Gaussian Density (GGD)
is practical which is used for modeling the coefficients from the
wavelet transforms. After that it is agreed to Histogram of Oriented
Gradient (HOG) for extracting its characteristic vectors with Relevant
Feedback technique is used. The performance of this approach is
calculated by exactness and it confirms that this method is wellorganized
for image retrieval.
Abstract: Composite materials, due to their unique properties
such as high strength to weight ratio, corrosion resistance, and impact
resistance have huge potential as structural materials in automotive,
construction and transportation applications. However, these
properties often come at higher cost owing to complex design
methods, difficult manufacturing processes and raw material cost.
Traditionally, tapered laminated composite structures are
manufactured using autoclave manufacturing process by ply drop off
technique. Autoclave manufacturing though very powerful suffers
from high capital investment and higher energy consumption. As per
the current trends in composite manufacturing, Out of Autoclave
(OoA) processes are looked as emerging technologies for
manufacturing the structural composite components for aerospace
and defense applications. However, there is a need for improvement
among these processes to make them reliable and consistent. In this
paper, feasibility of using out of autoclave process to manufacture the
variable thickness cantilever beam is discussed. The minimum weight
design for the composite beam is obtained using constant stress beam
concept by tailoring the thickness of the beam. Ply drop off
techniques was used to fabricate the variable thickness beam from
glass/epoxy prepregs. Experiments were conducted to measure
bending stresses along the span of the cantilever beam at different
intervals by applying the concentrated load at the free end.
Experimental results showed that the stresses in the bean at different
intervals were constant. This proves the ability of OoA process to
manufacture the constant stress beam. Finite element model for the
constant stress beam was developed using commercial finite element
simulation software. It was observed that the simulation results
agreed very well with the experimental results and thus validated
design and manufacturing approach used.
Abstract: Batteries of electric vehicles (BEV) are becoming
more attractive with the advancement of new battery technologies
and promotion of electric vehicles. BEV batteries are recharged on
board vehicles using either the grid (G2V for Grid to Vehicle) or
renewable energies in a stand-alone application (H2V for Home to
Vehicle). This paper deals with the modeling, sizing and control of a
photovoltaic stand-alone application that can charge the BEV at
home. The modeling approach and developed mathematical models
describing the system components are detailed. Simulation and
experimental results are presented and commented.