Modeling and Simulation of Standalone Photovoltaic Charging Stations for Electric Vehicles
Batteries of electric vehicles (BEV) are becoming
more attractive with the advancement of new battery technologies
and promotion of electric vehicles. BEV batteries are recharged on
board vehicles using either the grid (G2V for Grid to Vehicle) or
renewable energies in a stand-alone application (H2V for Home to
Vehicle). This paper deals with the modeling, sizing and control of a
photovoltaic stand-alone application that can charge the BEV at
home. The modeling approach and developed mathematical models
describing the system components are detailed. Simulation and
experimental results are presented and commented.
[1] M. G. Egan, D. L. O’Sullivan, J. G. Hayes, M.J. Willers, and C.P.
Henze, “Power-factor-corrected single-stage inductive charger for
electric vehicle batteries,” IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol.
54, no. 2, pp. 1217–1226, 2007.
[2] Z. P. Wang, P. Liu, H. B. Han, C. Lu, and T. Xin, “ Adistribution model
of electric vehicle charging station,” Applied Mechanics and Materials,
44–47, pp. 1543–1548, 2011.
[3] A. Ruzmetov, A. Nait Sidi Moh, M. Bakhouya, J. Gaber, and M.Wack,
“Optimal assignment and charging scheduling of electric vehicles,”
IEEE International Renewable and Sustainable Energy Conference
(IRSEC'13) Ouarzazate, Morocco, 10.1109/IRSEC.2013.6529691, pp.
537 –541, 2013.
[4] J. Song, Amir Toliyat, Dave Tuttle, and Alexis Kwasinski, “A Rapid
Charging Station with an Ultracapacitor Energy Storage System for
Plug-In Electrical Vehicles,” Electrical Machines and Systems (ICEMS),
2010, International Conference on, pp. 2003-2007, 2010.
[5] J. Baker, “New technology and possible advances in energy storage,”
Energy Policy, vol. 36, pp. 4368–4373, 2008.
[6] A. Boucherit, “ Conception d’un convertisseur de puissance pour les
véhicules électriques multi-sources,” Ph. D thesis of University
Technologie de Belfort –Montbéliard, 2011.
[7] J. P. Trovão, P. G. Pereirinha, and H. M. Jorge, “Design Methodology of
Energy Storage Systems for a Small Electric Vehicle,” World Electric
Vehicle Journal, vol. 3, pp. 1–12, 2009.
[8] A. Nouh, “Contribution au développement d'un simulateur pour les
véhicules électriques routiers,” Ph. D. thesis, University of Technologie
Belfort-Montbeliard 2008.
[9] A. Cherif, M. Jraidi, and A. Dhouib, “A battery ageing model using in
stand-alone PV systems,” Journal of Power Sources, vol. 112, no. 1, pp.
49–53, 2002.
[10] A. Zegaouia, P. Petita, M. Ailleriea, J-P. Sawickia, and J.P Charlesa, “
Experimental Validation of Photovoltaic Direct and Reverse Mode
Model. Influence of Partial Shading,” Energy Procedia, vol. 18, pp.
1247–1253, 2012.
[11] J. Surya Kumari, and Ch. Sai Babu, “Mathematical modeling and
simulation of photovoltaic cell using Matlab-Simulink environment,”
International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering, vol. 2,
no. 1, pp. 26–34, 2012.
[12] E. Mboumboue, and D. Njomo, “Mathematical modeling and digital
simulation of PV solar panel using Matlab software,” Inter. Journal of
Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering, vol. 3, pp. 24–23,
2013.
[13] S. AGBLI, “Modélisation multiphysique des flux énergétiques d’un
couplage photovoltaïque-électrolyseur PEM–Pile à Combustible PEM
en vue d’une application stationnaire,” Ph. D. thesis, University of
Franche comté 2012.
[14] N. Achaibou, M. Haddadi, and A. Malek, “Modelling of lead acid
batteries in PV systems,” Siencedirecte, Energy Procedia, Clean Energy
Solutions for Sustainable Environment (CESSE), vol. 18, pp. 538–544,
2012.
[15] W. Zhoua, H. Yanga, and Z. Fang, “Battery behaviour prediction and
battery working states analysis of a hybrid solar–wind power generation
system,” Siencedirecte, Re-newable, vol. 33, pp. 1413–1423, 2008.
[16] R.A Jackey, “A Simple effective lead-acid battery modelling process for
electrical system component selection,” SAE Technical Paper, 2007.
[17] O. Geraud, G. Robin, B. Multon, and H. Ben Ahmed, “Energy modeling
of a lead-acid battery within hybrid wind/photovoltaic systems,”
European Power Electronic Conference 2003, Toulouse, 2003.
[18] M. Dürr, A. Cruden, S. Gair, and J.R. McDonald, “Dynamic model of a
lead acid battery for use in a domestic fuel cell system,” Siencedirecte,
Journal of Power Sources, vol. 161, pp. 1400–1411, 2006.
[19] M. Coleman, C. K. Lee, C. Zhu, and W. G. Hurley, “State-of-charge
determination from EMF voltage estimation: Using impedance, terminal
voltage, and current for lead-acid and lithium-ion batteries,” IEEE
Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 54, no. 5, pp. 2550–2557, 2007.
[20] Yuasa Battery, “SWL Batteries stationnaires étanches au plomb à
recombinaison de gas régulées par soupapes,” 2010.
[21] R. Mkahl, and A. Nait Sidi Moh, “Modeling of charging station batteries
for electric vehicles,” J. of Asian Electric Vehicles, vol. 11, no. 2, pp.
1667–1672. 2013.
[22] M. Becherif, M. Y. Ayad, D. Hissel, and R. Mkahl, “Design and sizing
of a stand-alone recharging point for battery electrical vehicles using
photovoltaic energy,” IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference,
10.1109/VPPC.2011.6043075, pp. 1–6, 2011.
[23] A. Ruzmetov, A Nait-Sidi-Moh, M. Bakhouya, and J Gaber, “A (max -
plus)-based approach for charging management of electric vehicles,” In
Proc. of the 2nd World Conference on Complex Systems, Agadir,
Morocco. Nov. 2014.
[1] M. G. Egan, D. L. O’Sullivan, J. G. Hayes, M.J. Willers, and C.P.
Henze, “Power-factor-corrected single-stage inductive charger for
electric vehicle batteries,” IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol.
54, no. 2, pp. 1217–1226, 2007.
[2] Z. P. Wang, P. Liu, H. B. Han, C. Lu, and T. Xin, “ Adistribution model
of electric vehicle charging station,” Applied Mechanics and Materials,
44–47, pp. 1543–1548, 2011.
[3] A. Ruzmetov, A. Nait Sidi Moh, M. Bakhouya, J. Gaber, and M.Wack,
“Optimal assignment and charging scheduling of electric vehicles,”
IEEE International Renewable and Sustainable Energy Conference
(IRSEC'13) Ouarzazate, Morocco, 10.1109/IRSEC.2013.6529691, pp.
537 –541, 2013.
[4] J. Song, Amir Toliyat, Dave Tuttle, and Alexis Kwasinski, “A Rapid
Charging Station with an Ultracapacitor Energy Storage System for
Plug-In Electrical Vehicles,” Electrical Machines and Systems (ICEMS),
2010, International Conference on, pp. 2003-2007, 2010.
[5] J. Baker, “New technology and possible advances in energy storage,”
Energy Policy, vol. 36, pp. 4368–4373, 2008.
[6] A. Boucherit, “ Conception d’un convertisseur de puissance pour les
véhicules électriques multi-sources,” Ph. D thesis of University
Technologie de Belfort –Montbéliard, 2011.
[7] J. P. Trovão, P. G. Pereirinha, and H. M. Jorge, “Design Methodology of
Energy Storage Systems for a Small Electric Vehicle,” World Electric
Vehicle Journal, vol. 3, pp. 1–12, 2009.
[8] A. Nouh, “Contribution au développement d'un simulateur pour les
véhicules électriques routiers,” Ph. D. thesis, University of Technologie
Belfort-Montbeliard 2008.
[9] A. Cherif, M. Jraidi, and A. Dhouib, “A battery ageing model using in
stand-alone PV systems,” Journal of Power Sources, vol. 112, no. 1, pp.
49–53, 2002.
[10] A. Zegaouia, P. Petita, M. Ailleriea, J-P. Sawickia, and J.P Charlesa, “
Experimental Validation of Photovoltaic Direct and Reverse Mode
Model. Influence of Partial Shading,” Energy Procedia, vol. 18, pp.
1247–1253, 2012.
[11] J. Surya Kumari, and Ch. Sai Babu, “Mathematical modeling and
simulation of photovoltaic cell using Matlab-Simulink environment,”
International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering, vol. 2,
no. 1, pp. 26–34, 2012.
[12] E. Mboumboue, and D. Njomo, “Mathematical modeling and digital
simulation of PV solar panel using Matlab software,” Inter. Journal of
Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering, vol. 3, pp. 24–23,
2013.
[13] S. AGBLI, “Modélisation multiphysique des flux énergétiques d’un
couplage photovoltaïque-électrolyseur PEM–Pile à Combustible PEM
en vue d’une application stationnaire,” Ph. D. thesis, University of
Franche comté 2012.
[14] N. Achaibou, M. Haddadi, and A. Malek, “Modelling of lead acid
batteries in PV systems,” Siencedirecte, Energy Procedia, Clean Energy
Solutions for Sustainable Environment (CESSE), vol. 18, pp. 538–544,
2012.
[15] W. Zhoua, H. Yanga, and Z. Fang, “Battery behaviour prediction and
battery working states analysis of a hybrid solar–wind power generation
system,” Siencedirecte, Re-newable, vol. 33, pp. 1413–1423, 2008.
[16] R.A Jackey, “A Simple effective lead-acid battery modelling process for
electrical system component selection,” SAE Technical Paper, 2007.
[17] O. Geraud, G. Robin, B. Multon, and H. Ben Ahmed, “Energy modeling
of a lead-acid battery within hybrid wind/photovoltaic systems,”
European Power Electronic Conference 2003, Toulouse, 2003.
[18] M. Dürr, A. Cruden, S. Gair, and J.R. McDonald, “Dynamic model of a
lead acid battery for use in a domestic fuel cell system,” Siencedirecte,
Journal of Power Sources, vol. 161, pp. 1400–1411, 2006.
[19] M. Coleman, C. K. Lee, C. Zhu, and W. G. Hurley, “State-of-charge
determination from EMF voltage estimation: Using impedance, terminal
voltage, and current for lead-acid and lithium-ion batteries,” IEEE
Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 54, no. 5, pp. 2550–2557, 2007.
[20] Yuasa Battery, “SWL Batteries stationnaires étanches au plomb à
recombinaison de gas régulées par soupapes,” 2010.
[21] R. Mkahl, and A. Nait Sidi Moh, “Modeling of charging station batteries
for electric vehicles,” J. of Asian Electric Vehicles, vol. 11, no. 2, pp.
1667–1672. 2013.
[22] M. Becherif, M. Y. Ayad, D. Hissel, and R. Mkahl, “Design and sizing
of a stand-alone recharging point for battery electrical vehicles using
photovoltaic energy,” IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference,
10.1109/VPPC.2011.6043075, pp. 1–6, 2011.
[23] A. Ruzmetov, A Nait-Sidi-Moh, M. Bakhouya, and J Gaber, “A (max -
plus)-based approach for charging management of electric vehicles,” In
Proc. of the 2nd World Conference on Complex Systems, Agadir,
Morocco. Nov. 2014.
@article{"International Journal of Electrical, Electronic and Communication Sciences:68932", author = "R. Mkahl and A. Nait-Sidi-Moh and M. Wack", title = "Modeling and Simulation of Standalone Photovoltaic Charging Stations for Electric Vehicles", abstract = "Batteries of electric vehicles (BEV) are becoming
more attractive with the advancement of new battery technologies
and promotion of electric vehicles. BEV batteries are recharged on
board vehicles using either the grid (G2V for Grid to Vehicle) or
renewable energies in a stand-alone application (H2V for Home to
Vehicle). This paper deals with the modeling, sizing and control of a
photovoltaic stand-alone application that can charge the BEV at
home. The modeling approach and developed mathematical models
describing the system components are detailed. Simulation and
experimental results are presented and commented.
", keywords = "Electric vehicles, photovoltaic energy, lead-acid
batteries, charging process, modeling, simulation, experimental tests.", volume = "9", number = "1", pages = "72-9", }
