Impact of Solar Energy Based Power Grid for Future Prospective of Pakistan
Shortfall of electrical energy in Pakistan is a challenge
adversely affecting its industrial output and social growth. As
elsewhere, Pakistan derives its electrical energy from a number of
conventional sources. The exhaustion of petroleum and conventional
resources, the rising costs coupled with extremely adverse climatic
effects are taking its toll especially on the under-developed countries
like Pakistan. As alternate, renewable energy sources like hydropower,
solar, wind, even bio-energy and a mix of some or all of them
could provide a credible alternative to the conventional energy
resources that would not only be cleaner but sustainable as well. As a
model, solar energy-based power grid for the near future has been
attempted to offset the energy shortfalls as a mix with our existing
sustainable natural energy resources. An assessment of solar energy
potential for electricity generation is being presented for fulfilling the
energy demands with higher level of reliability and sustainability.
This model is based on the premise that solar energy potential of
Pakistan is not only reliable but also sustainable. This research
estimates the present & future approaching renewable energy
resource specially the impact of solar energy based power grid for
mitigating energy shortage in Pakistan.
[1] Brown, L. R. (1985). State of the World, 1985: A Worldwatch Institute
Report on Progress toward a Sustainable Society. Worldwatch Institute,
1776 Massachusetts Ave., NW, Washington, DC 20036.
[2] Stout, Bill A. Handbook of energy for world agriculture. Elsevier, 2012.
[3] Azam Khan, M., & Singh, G. (1996). Energy inputs and crop production
in Western Pakistan. Energy, 21(1), 45-53.
[4] HalacyJr, D. S. (1980). Solar energy and the biosphere. Solar Energy
Technology Handbook, Part A: Engineering Fundamentals, ed. W. C.
Dickinson and PN Cheremisinoff. Marcel Dekkar, New York, 1-8.
[5] United States department of energy. “International Energy Outlook
2007”. United States Department of Energy - Washington,
DC.http://www.eia.doe.gov/oiaf/ieo/index.html. Retrieved on 2007-06-
06.
[6] Mirza, U. K., Ahmad, N., &Majeed, T. (2008). An overview of biomass
energy utilization in Pakistan. Renewable and Sustainable Energy
Reviews, 12(7), 1988-1996.
[7] Economic Survey of Pakistan. Government of Pakistan, Finance
Division Economic Adviser’s Wing, Islamabad; 2010–2012. p. 21.
[8] Pakistan Energy Yearbook 2008. Islamabad: Hydrocarbon Development
Institute of Pakistan, Ministry of Petroleum & Natural Resources,
Government of Pakistan; 2008. P- 6.
[9] United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and Pacific.
Solar powered water pumping in Asia and the Pacific. Bangkok,
Thailand: UNESCAP, the United Nations Building, RajadamnernNok
Avenue; 1991.
[10] Sheikh, M. A. (2010). Energy and renewable energy scenario of
Pakistan. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 14(1), 354-363.
[11] Ahmad, S. (2007). Land and Water Resources of Pakistan—A Critical
Assessment. The Pakistan Development Review, 911-937.
[12] Kuwano, Yukinori. "The PV era is coming—The way to
GENESIS." Solar energy materials and solar cells 34.1 (1994): 27-39.
[13] Ashraf Chaudhry, M., R. Raza, and S. A. Hayat. "Renewable energy
technologies in Pakistan: prospects and challenges." Renewable and
Sustainable Energy Reviews 13.6 (2009): 1657-1662.
[14] Akhtar, P. "Challenges for the promotion of renewable-energy
technologies in Pakistan." Proceedings of an International meeting on
Renewable Energy Technologies and Sustainable Development. 2005.
[15] M. H.baloch, M. K. Maheshwari, a. A. Memon. "Energy conservation
through energy efficient motors in Pakistan’s industrial sector." Sindh
universitty. Res. Jour. (sci. Ser.) Vol.45 (3) 501-506 (2013)
[16] Awan, Ahmad Bilal, and Zeeshan Ali Khan. "Recent progress in
renewable energy–Remedy of energy crisis in Pakistan." Renewable and
Sustainable Energy Reviews 33 (2014): 236-253.
[17] Khan, H. A., &Pervaiz, S. (2013). Technological review on solar PV in
Pakistan: Scope, practices and recommendations for optimized system
design.Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 23, 147-154.
[18] Khalil, Hafiz Bilal, and Syed JawadHussainZaidi. "Energy crisis and
potential of solar energy in Pakistan." Renewable and Sustainable
Energy Reviews 31 (2014): 194-201.
[19] Khalid, Anjum, and HaroonJunaidi. "Study of economic viability of
photovoltaic electric power for Quetta–Pakistan." Renewable Energy 50
(2013): 253-258.
[20] Purohit, Ishan, PallavPurohit, and ShashaankShekhar. "Evaluating the
potential of concentrating solar power generation in Northwestern
India." Energy Policy 62 (2013): 157-175.
[21] Timilsina, Govinda R., LadoKurdgelashvili, and Patrick A. Narbel.
"Solar energy: Markets, economics and policies." Renewable and
Sustainable Energy Reviews 16.1 (2012): 449-465.
[22] Amer, Muhammad, and Tugrul U. Daim. "Selection of renewable energy
technologies for a developing county: a case of Pakistan." Energy for
Sustainable Development 15.4 (2011): 420-435.
[23] Khan, Mohammad Azam, and Noman Latif. "Environmental friendly
renewable energies and especially solar energy in Pakistan's
scenario." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 14.8 (2010):
2179-2181.
[24] Bhutto, Abdul Waheed, Aqeel Ahmed Bazmi, and GholamrezaZahedi.
"Greener energy: issues and challenges for Pakistan—solar energy
prospective." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 16.5 (2012):
2762-2780.
[25] Jawaid, Haris, et al. "Solar powered UPS." Procedia Technology 1
(2012): 217-224.
[26] Adhikari, Neha, et al. "Analysis and design of isolated solar-PV energy
generating system." Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting
(IAS), 2011 IEEE. IEEE, 2011.
[27] Bajpai, P., & Kumar, S. (2011, December). Design, development and
performance test of an automatic two-Axis solar tracker system. In India
Conference (INDICON), 2011 Annual IEEE (pp. 1-6). IEEE.
[28] Jianhua, Liu, et al. "The analysis and application of solar energy PV
power."Advanced Power System Automation and Protection (APAP),
2011 International Conference on. Vol. 3. IEEE, 2011.
[1] Brown, L. R. (1985). State of the World, 1985: A Worldwatch Institute
Report on Progress toward a Sustainable Society. Worldwatch Institute,
1776 Massachusetts Ave., NW, Washington, DC 20036.
[2] Stout, Bill A. Handbook of energy for world agriculture. Elsevier, 2012.
[3] Azam Khan, M., & Singh, G. (1996). Energy inputs and crop production
in Western Pakistan. Energy, 21(1), 45-53.
[4] HalacyJr, D. S. (1980). Solar energy and the biosphere. Solar Energy
Technology Handbook, Part A: Engineering Fundamentals, ed. W. C.
Dickinson and PN Cheremisinoff. Marcel Dekkar, New York, 1-8.
[5] United States department of energy. “International Energy Outlook
2007”. United States Department of Energy - Washington,
DC.http://www.eia.doe.gov/oiaf/ieo/index.html. Retrieved on 2007-06-
06.
[6] Mirza, U. K., Ahmad, N., &Majeed, T. (2008). An overview of biomass
energy utilization in Pakistan. Renewable and Sustainable Energy
Reviews, 12(7), 1988-1996.
[7] Economic Survey of Pakistan. Government of Pakistan, Finance
Division Economic Adviser’s Wing, Islamabad; 2010–2012. p. 21.
[8] Pakistan Energy Yearbook 2008. Islamabad: Hydrocarbon Development
Institute of Pakistan, Ministry of Petroleum & Natural Resources,
Government of Pakistan; 2008. P- 6.
[9] United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and Pacific.
Solar powered water pumping in Asia and the Pacific. Bangkok,
Thailand: UNESCAP, the United Nations Building, RajadamnernNok
Avenue; 1991.
[10] Sheikh, M. A. (2010). Energy and renewable energy scenario of
Pakistan. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 14(1), 354-363.
[11] Ahmad, S. (2007). Land and Water Resources of Pakistan—A Critical
Assessment. The Pakistan Development Review, 911-937.
[12] Kuwano, Yukinori. "The PV era is coming—The way to
GENESIS." Solar energy materials and solar cells 34.1 (1994): 27-39.
[13] Ashraf Chaudhry, M., R. Raza, and S. A. Hayat. "Renewable energy
technologies in Pakistan: prospects and challenges." Renewable and
Sustainable Energy Reviews 13.6 (2009): 1657-1662.
[14] Akhtar, P. "Challenges for the promotion of renewable-energy
technologies in Pakistan." Proceedings of an International meeting on
Renewable Energy Technologies and Sustainable Development. 2005.
[15] M. H.baloch, M. K. Maheshwari, a. A. Memon. "Energy conservation
through energy efficient motors in Pakistan’s industrial sector." Sindh
universitty. Res. Jour. (sci. Ser.) Vol.45 (3) 501-506 (2013)
[16] Awan, Ahmad Bilal, and Zeeshan Ali Khan. "Recent progress in
renewable energy–Remedy of energy crisis in Pakistan." Renewable and
Sustainable Energy Reviews 33 (2014): 236-253.
[17] Khan, H. A., &Pervaiz, S. (2013). Technological review on solar PV in
Pakistan: Scope, practices and recommendations for optimized system
design.Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 23, 147-154.
[18] Khalil, Hafiz Bilal, and Syed JawadHussainZaidi. "Energy crisis and
potential of solar energy in Pakistan." Renewable and Sustainable
Energy Reviews 31 (2014): 194-201.
[19] Khalid, Anjum, and HaroonJunaidi. "Study of economic viability of
photovoltaic electric power for Quetta–Pakistan." Renewable Energy 50
(2013): 253-258.
[20] Purohit, Ishan, PallavPurohit, and ShashaankShekhar. "Evaluating the
potential of concentrating solar power generation in Northwestern
India." Energy Policy 62 (2013): 157-175.
[21] Timilsina, Govinda R., LadoKurdgelashvili, and Patrick A. Narbel.
"Solar energy: Markets, economics and policies." Renewable and
Sustainable Energy Reviews 16.1 (2012): 449-465.
[22] Amer, Muhammad, and Tugrul U. Daim. "Selection of renewable energy
technologies for a developing county: a case of Pakistan." Energy for
Sustainable Development 15.4 (2011): 420-435.
[23] Khan, Mohammad Azam, and Noman Latif. "Environmental friendly
renewable energies and especially solar energy in Pakistan's
scenario." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 14.8 (2010):
2179-2181.
[24] Bhutto, Abdul Waheed, Aqeel Ahmed Bazmi, and GholamrezaZahedi.
"Greener energy: issues and challenges for Pakistan—solar energy
prospective." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 16.5 (2012):
2762-2780.
[25] Jawaid, Haris, et al. "Solar powered UPS." Procedia Technology 1
(2012): 217-224.
[26] Adhikari, Neha, et al. "Analysis and design of isolated solar-PV energy
generating system." Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting
(IAS), 2011 IEEE. IEEE, 2011.
[27] Bajpai, P., & Kumar, S. (2011, December). Design, development and
performance test of an automatic two-Axis solar tracker system. In India
Conference (INDICON), 2011 Annual IEEE (pp. 1-6). IEEE.
[28] Jianhua, Liu, et al. "The analysis and application of solar energy PV
power."Advanced Power System Automation and Protection (APAP),
2011 International Conference on. Vol. 3. IEEE, 2011.
@article{"International Journal of Electrical, Electronic and Communication Sciences:68972", author = "Muhammd Usman Sardar and Mazhar Hussain Baloch and Muhammad Shahbaz Ahmad and Zahir Javed Paracha", title = "Impact of Solar Energy Based Power Grid for Future Prospective of Pakistan", abstract = "Shortfall of electrical energy in Pakistan is a challenge
adversely affecting its industrial output and social growth. As
elsewhere, Pakistan derives its electrical energy from a number of
conventional sources. The exhaustion of petroleum and conventional
resources, the rising costs coupled with extremely adverse climatic
effects are taking its toll especially on the under-developed countries
like Pakistan. As alternate, renewable energy sources like hydropower,
solar, wind, even bio-energy and a mix of some or all of them
could provide a credible alternative to the conventional energy
resources that would not only be cleaner but sustainable as well. As a
model, solar energy-based power grid for the near future has been
attempted to offset the energy shortfalls as a mix with our existing
sustainable natural energy resources. An assessment of solar energy
potential for electricity generation is being presented for fulfilling the
energy demands with higher level of reliability and sustainability.
This model is based on the premise that solar energy potential of
Pakistan is not only reliable but also sustainable. This research
estimates the present & future approaching renewable energy
resource specially the impact of solar energy based power grid for
mitigating energy shortage in Pakistan.
", keywords = "Powergrid network, solar photovoltaic (SPV) setups,
solar power generation, solar energy technology (SET).", volume = "9", number = "1", pages = "88-8", }
