Abstract: Phylogenies ; The evolutionary histories of groups of
species are one of the most widely used tools throughout the life
sciences, as well as objects of research with in systematic,
evolutionary biology. In every phylogenetic analysis reconstruction
produces trees. These trees represent the evolutionary histories of
many groups of organisms, bacteria due to horizontal gene transfer
and plants due to process of hybridization. The process of gene
transfer in bacteria and hybridization in plants lead to reticulate
networks, therefore, the methods of constructing trees fail in
constructing reticulate networks. In this paper a model has been
employed to reconstruct phylogenetic network in honey bee. This
network represents reticulate evolution in honey bee. The maximum
parsimony approach has been used to obtain this reticulate network.
Abstract: One of the most important areas of knowledge management studies is knowledge sharing. Measured in terms of number of scientific articles and organization-s applications, knowledge sharing stands as an example of success in the field. This paper reviews the related papers in the context of the underlying individual behavioral variables to providea direction framework for future research and writing.
Abstract: The problem of frequent itemset mining is considered in this paper. One new technique proposed to generate frequent patterns in large databases without time-consuming candidate generation. This technique is based on focusing on transaction instead of concentrating on itemset. This algorithm based on take intersection between one transaction and others transaction and the maximum shared items between transactions computed instead of creating itemset and computing their frequency. With applying real life transactions and some consumption is taken from real life data, the significant efficiency acquire from databases in generation association rules mining.
Abstract: This paper presents a solution for the behavioural animation of autonomous virtual agent navigation in virtual environments. We focus on using Dempster-Shafer-s Theory of Evidence in developing visual sensor for virtual agent. The role of the visual sensor is to capture the information about the virtual environment or identifie which part of an obstacle can be seen from the position of the virtual agent. This information is require for vitual agent to coordinate navigation in virtual environment. The virual agent uses fuzzy controller as a navigation system and Fuzzy α - level for the action selection method. The result clearly demonstrates the path produced is reasonably smooth even though there is some sharp turn and also still not diverted too far from the potential shortest path. This had indicated the benefit of our method, where more reliable and accurate paths produced during navigation task.
Abstract: Sediment loads transfer in hydraulic installations and their consequences for the O&M of modern canal systems is emerging as one of the most important considerations in hydraulic engineering projects apriticularly those which are inteded to feed the irrigation and draiange schemes of large command areas such as the Dez and Mogahn in Iran.. The aim of this paper is to investigate the applicability of the vortex tube as a viable means of extracting sediment loads entering the canal systems in general and the water inatke structures in particulars. The Western conveyance canal of the Dez Diversion weir which feeds the Karkheh Flood Plain in Sothwestern Dezful has been used as the case study using the data from the Dastmashan Hydrometric Station. The SHARC software has been used as an analytical framework to interprete the data. Results show that given the grain size D50 and the canal turbulence the adaption length from the beginning of the canal and after the diversion dam is estimated at 477 m, a point which is suitable for laying the vortex tube.
Abstract: To achieve accurate and precise results of finite
element analysis (FEA) of bones, it is important to represent the
load/boundary conditions as identical as possible to the human body
such as the bone properties, the type and force of the muscles, the
contact force of the joints, and the location of the muscle attachment.
In this study, the difference in the Von-Mises stress and the total
deformation was compared by classifying them into Case 1, which
shows the actual anatomical form of the muscle attached to the femur
when the same muscle force was applied, and Case 2, which gives a
simplified representation of the attached location. An inverse
dynamical musculoskeletal model was simulated using data from an
actual walking experiment to complement the accuracy of the
muscular force, the input value of FEA. The FEA method using the
results of the muscular force that were calculated through the
simulation showed that the maximum Von-Mises stress and the
maximum total deformation in Case 2 were underestimated by 8.42%
and 6.29%, respectively, compared to Case 1. The torsion energy and
bending moment at each location of the femur occurred via the stress
ingredient. Due to the geometrical/morphological feature of the femur
of having a long bone shape when the stress distribution is wide, as
shown in Case 1, a greater Von-Mises stress and total deformation are
expected from the sum of the stress ingredients. More accurate results
can be achieved only when the muscular strength and the attachment
location in the FEA of the bones and the attachment form are the same
as those in the actual anatomical condition under the various moving
conditions of the human body.
Abstract: The tracing methods determine the contribution the
power system sources have in their supplying. The methods can be used
to assess the transmission prices, but also to recover the transmission
fixed cost. In this paper is presented the influence of the modification of
commons structure has on the specific price of transfer. The operator
must make use of a few basic principles about allocation. Most
tracing methods are based on the proportional sharing principle. In this
paper Kirschen method is used. In order to illustrate this method, the 25-
bus test system is used, elaborated within the Electrical Power
Engineering Department, from Timisoara, Romania.
Abstract: Human perceives color in categories, which may be
identified using color name such as red, blue, etc. The categorization
is unique for each human being. However despite the individual
differences, the categorization is shared among members in society.
This allows communication among them, especially when using
color name. Sociable robot, to live coexist with human and become
part of human society, must also have the shared color
categorization, which can be achieved through learning. Many
works have been done to enable computer, as brain of robot, to learn
color categorization. Most of them rely on modeling of human color
perception and mathematical complexities. Differently, in this work,
the computer learns color categorization through interaction with
humans. This work aims at developing the innate ability of the
computer to learn the human-like color categorization. It focuses on
the representation of color categorization and how it is built and
developed without much mathematical complexity.
Abstract: This paper describes a segmentation algorithm based
on the cooperation of an optical flow estimation method with edge
detection and region growing procedures.
The proposed method has been developed as a pre-processing
stage to be used in methodologies and tools for video/image indexing
and retrieval by content. The addressed problem consists in
extracting whole objects from background for producing images of
single complete objects from videos or photos. The extracted images
are used for calculating the object visual features necessary for both
indexing and retrieval processes.
The first task of the algorithm exploits the cues from motion
analysis for moving area detection. Objects and background are then
refined using respectively edge detection and region growing
procedures. These tasks are iteratively performed until objects and
background are completely resolved.
The developed method has been applied to a variety of indoor and
outdoor scenes where objects of different type and shape are
represented on variously textured background.
Abstract: Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have gained
tremendous attention in recent years due to their numerous
applications. Due to the limited energy resource, energy efficient
operation of sensor nodes is a key issue in wireless sensor networks.
Cooperative caching which ensures sharing of data among various
nodes reduces the number of communications over the wireless
channels and thus enhances the overall lifetime of a wireless sensor
network. In this paper, we propose a cooperative caching scheme
called ZCS (Zone Cooperation at Sensors) for wireless sensor
networks. In ZCS scheme, one-hop neighbors of a sensor node form a
cooperative cache zone and share the cached data with each other.
Simulation experiments show that the ZCS caching scheme achieves
significant improvements in byte hit ratio and average query latency
in comparison with other caching strategies.
Abstract: This paper presents development of an ignition system using spark electrodes for application in a research explosion vessel.
A single spark is aimed to be discharged with quantifiable ignition energy. The spark electrode system would enable study of flame
propagation, ignitability of fuel-air mixtures and other fundamental characteristics of flames. The principle of the capacitive spark circuit
of ASTM is studied to charge an appropriate capacitance connected across the spark gap through a large resistor by a high voltage from
the source of power supply until the initiation of spark. Different spark energies could be obtained mainly by varying the value of the
capacitance and the supply current. The spark sizes produced are found to be affected by the spark gap, electrode size, input voltage
and capacitance value.
Abstract: The plastic forming process of sheet plate takes an
important place in forming metals. The traditional techniques of tool
design for sheet forming operations used in industry are experimental
and expensive methods. Prediction of the forming results,
determination of the punching force, blank holder forces and the
thickness distribution of the sheet metal will decrease the production
cost and time of the material to be formed. In this paper, multi-stage
deep drawing simulation of an Industrial Part has been presented
with finite element method. The entire production steps with
additional operations such as intermediate annealing and springback
has been simulated by ABAQUS software under axisymmetric
conditions. The simulation results such as sheet thickness
distribution, Punch force and residual stresses have been extracted in
any stages and sheet thickness distribution was compared with
experimental results. It was found through comparison of results, the
FE model have proven to be in close agreement with those of
experiment.
Abstract: Spatial and mobile computing evolves. This paper
describes a smart modeling platform called “GeoSEMA". This
approach tends to model multidimensional GeoSpatial Evolutionary
and Mobile Agents. Instead of 3D and location-based issues, there
are some other dimensions that may characterize spatial agents, e.g.
discrete-continuous time, agent behaviors. GeoSEMA is seen as a
devoted design pattern motivating temporal geographic-based
applications; it is a firm foundation for multipurpose and
multidimensional special-based applications. It deals with
multipurpose smart objects (buildings, shapes, missiles, etc.) by
stimulating geospatial agents.
Formally, GeoSEMA refers to geospatial, spatio-evolutive and
mobile space constituents where a conceptual geospatial space model
is given in this paper. In addition to modeling and categorizing
geospatial agents, the model incorporates the concept of inter-agents
event-based protocols. Finally, a rapid software-architecture
prototyping GeoSEMA platform is also given. It will be
implemented/ validated in the next phase of our work.
Abstract: Chaiyaphum Starch Co. Ltd. is one of many starch
manufacturers that has introduced machinery to aid in manufacturing.
Even though machinery has replaced many elements and is now a
significant part in manufacturing processes, problems that must be
solved with respect to current process flow to increase efficiency still
exist. The paper-s aim is to increase productivity while maintaining
desired quality of starch, by redesigning the flipping machine-s
mechanical control system which has grossly low functional lifetime.
Such problems stem from the mechanical control system-s bearings,
as fluids and humidity can access into said bearing directly, in
tandem with vibrations from the machine-s function itself. The wheel
which is used to sense starch thickness occasionally falls from its
shaft, due to high speed rotation during operation, while the shaft
may bend from impact when processing dried bread. Redesigning its
mechanical control system has increased its efficiency, allowing
quality thickness measurement while increasing functional lifetime
an additional 62 days.
Abstract: Sophorolipids (SLs) production by the yeast Candida
bombicola was studied in batch shake flasks using synthetic dairy
wastewaters (SDWW) with or without any added external carbon and
nitrogen sources. A maximum SLs production of 38.76 g/l was
observed with the SDWW supplemented with low cost substrate of
sugarcane molasses at 50 g/l and soybean oil at 50 g/l. When the
SDWW was supplemented with more costly glucose, yeast extract,
urea and soybean oil, the production, however, got lowered to only
29.49 g/l, but with a maximum biomass production of 17.38 g/l
together with a complete utilization of the carbon sources.
Abstract: This paper presents an equivalent circuit model based on piecewise linear parallel branches (PLPB) to study solar cell modules which are partially shaded. The PLPB model can easily be used in circuit simulation software such as the ElectroMagnetic Transients Program (EMTP). This PLPB model allows the user to simulate several different configurations of solar cells, the influence of partial shadowing on a single or multiple cells, the influence of the number of solar cells protected by a bypass diode and the effect of the cell connection configuration on partial shadowing.
Abstract: Encrypted messages sending frequently draws the attention
of third parties, perhaps causing attempts to break and
reveal the original messages. Steganography is introduced to hide
the existence of the communication by concealing a secret message
in an appropriate carrier like text, image, audio or video. Quantum
steganography where the sender (Alice) embeds her steganographic
information into the cover and sends it to the receiver (Bob) over a
communication channel. Alice and Bob share an algorithm and hide
quantum information in the cover. An eavesdropper (Eve) without
access to the algorithm can-t find out the existence of the quantum
message. In this paper, a text quantum steganography technique based
on the use of indefinite articles (a) or (an) in conjunction with the nonspecific
or non-particular nouns in English language and quantum
gate truth table have been proposed. The authors also introduced a
new code representation technique (SSCE - Secret Steganography
Code for Embedding) at both ends in order to achieve high level of
security. Before the embedding operation each character of the secret
message has been converted to SSCE Value and then embeds to cover
text. Finally stego text is formed and transmits to the receiver side.
At the receiver side different reverse operation has been carried out
to get back the original information.
Abstract: The stilling basins are commonly used to dissipate the
energy and protect the downstream floor from erosion. The aim of
the present experimental work is to improve the roughened stilling
basin using T-shape roughness instead of the regular cubic one and
design this new shape. As a result of the present work the best
intensity and the best roughness length are identified. Also, it is
found that the T-shape roughness save materials and reduce the jump
length compared to the cubic one. Sensitivity analysis was performed
and it was noticed that the change in the length of jump is more
sensitive to the change in roughness length than the change in
intensity.
Abstract: Cryptography provides the secure manner of
information transmission over the insecure channel. It authenticates
messages based on the key but not on the user. It requires a lengthy
key to encrypt and decrypt the sending and receiving the messages,
respectively. But these keys can be guessed or cracked. Moreover,
Maintaining and sharing lengthy, random keys in enciphering and
deciphering process is the critical problem in the cryptography
system. A new approach is described for generating a crypto key,
which is acquired from a person-s iris pattern. In the biometric field,
template created by the biometric algorithm can only be
authenticated with the same person. Among the biometric templates,
iris features can efficiently be distinguished with individuals and
produces less false positives in the larger population. This type of iris
code distribution provides merely less intra-class variability that aids
the cryptosystem to confidently decrypt messages with an exact
matching of iris pattern. In this proposed approach, the iris features
are extracted using multi resolution wavelets. It produces 135-bit iris
codes from each subject and is used for encrypting/decrypting the
messages. The autocorrelators are used to recall original messages
from the partially corrupted data produced by the decryption process.
It intends to resolve the repudiation and key management problems.
Results were analyzed in both conventional iris cryptography system
(CIC) and non-repudiation iris cryptography system (NRIC). It
shows that this new approach provides considerably high
authentication in enciphering and deciphering processes.
Abstract: Rainfall data at fine resolution and knowledge of its
characteristics plays a major role in the efficient design and operation
of agricultural, telecommunication, runoff and erosion control as well
as water quality control systems. The paper is aimed to study the
statistical distribution of hourly rainfall depth for 12 representative
stations spread across Peninsular Malaysia. Hourly rainfall data of 10
to 22 years period were collected and its statistical characteristics
were estimated. Three probability distributions namely, Generalized
Pareto, Exponential and Gamma distributions were proposed to
model the hourly rainfall depth, and three goodness-of-fit tests,
namely, Kolmogorov-Sminov, Anderson-Darling and Chi-Squared
tests were used to evaluate their fitness. Result indicates that the east
cost of the Peninsular receives higher depth of rainfall as compared
to west coast. However, the rainfall frequency is found to be
irregular. Also result from the goodness-of-fit tests show that all the
three models fit the rainfall data at 1% level of significance.
However, Generalized Pareto fits better than Exponential and
Gamma distributions and is therefore recommended as the best fit.