Abstract: In this paper, a alternative structure method for
continuous time sigma delta modulator is presented. In this
modulator for implementation of integrators in loop filter second
generation current conveyors are employed. The modulator is
designed in CMOS technology and features low power consumption
(65db),
and with 180khZ bandwidth. Simulation results confirm that this
design is suitable for data converters.
Abstract: In this paper we suggest a method for setting
electronic credits for the customers. In this method banks and
market-sites help each other to make doing large shopping through
internet so easy. By developing this system, the people who have less
money to buy most of the things they want, become able to buy all of
them just through a credit. This credit is given by market-sites
through a banking control on it. The method suggested can stop
being imprisoned because of banking debts.
Abstract: In this paper, an efficient local appearance feature
extraction method based the multi-resolution Curvelet transform is
proposed in order to further enhance the performance of the well
known Linear Discriminant Analysis(LDA) method when applied
to face recognition. Each face is described by a subset of band
filtered images containing block-based Curvelet coefficients. These
coefficients characterize the face texture and a set of simple statistical
measures allows us to form compact and meaningful feature vectors.
The proposed method is compared with some related feature extraction
methods such as Principal component analysis (PCA), as well
as Linear Discriminant Analysis LDA, and independent component
Analysis (ICA). Two different muti-resolution transforms, Wavelet
(DWT) and Contourlet, were also compared against the Block Based
Curvelet-LDA algorithm. Experimental results on ORL, YALE and
FERET face databases convince us that the proposed method provides
a better representation of the class information and obtains much
higher recognition accuracies.
Abstract: We consider the problem of bandwidth allocation in a
substrate network as an optimization problem for the aggregate utility
of multiple applications with diverse requirements and describe a
simulation scheme for dynamically adaptive bandwidth allocation
protocols. The proposed simulation model based on Coloured Petri
Nets (CPN) is realized using CPN Tools.
Abstract: The rapid adoption of Internet has turned the Millennial Teens- life like a lightning speed. Empirical evidence has illustrated that Pathological Internet Use (PIU) among them ensure long-term success to the market players in the children industry. However, it creates concerns among their care takers as it generates mental disorder among some of them. The purpose of this paper is to examine the determinants of PIU and identify its outcomes among urban Millennial Teens. It aims to develop a theoretical framework based on a modified Media System Dependency (MSD) Theory that integrates important systems and components that determine and resulted from PIU.
Abstract: We focus on the excitation and propagation properties
of surface plasmon polariton (SPP). We have developed a SPP
excitation device in combination with a grating structures fabricated
by using the scanning probe lithography. Perturbation approach was
used to investigate the coupling properties of SPP with a spatial
harmonic wave supported by a metallic grating. A phase shift grating
SPP coupler has been fabricated and the optical property was
evaluated by the Fraunhofer diffraction formula. We have been
experimentally confirmed the induced stop band by diffraction
measurement. We have also observed the wavenumber shift of the
resonance condition of SPP owing to effect of a phase shift.
Abstract: The purpose of this article is to analyze the
degree of concentration in the banking market in EU member
states as well as to determine the impact of the length of EU
membership on the degree of concentration. In that sense
several analysis were conducted, specifically, panel analysis,
calculation of correlation coefficient and regression analysis of
the impact of the length of EU membership on the degree of
concentration. Panel analysis was conducted to determine
whether there is a similar trend of concentration in three
groups of countries - countries with a low, moderate and high
level of concentration. The conducted panel analysis showed
that in EU countries with a moderate level of concentration,
the level of concentration decreases. The calculation of
correlation showed that, to some extent, with other influential
factors, the length of EU membership negatively affects the
market concentration of the banking market. Using the
regression analysis for investigation of the influence of the
length of EU membership on the level of concentration in the
banking sector in a particular country, the results reveal that
there is a negative effect of the length in EU membership on
market concentration, although it is not significantly influential
variable.
Abstract: A tunable photonic microwave bandpass filter with
negative coefficient based on an electro-optic phase modulator (EOPM) and a variable polarization beamsplitter (VPBS) is
demonstrated. A two-tap microwave bandpass filter with one negative coefficient is presented. The chromatic dispersion and
optical coherence are not affected on this filter.
Abstract: In the LFC problem, the interconnections among some areas are the input of disturbances, and therefore, it is important to suppress the disturbances by the coordination of governor systems. In contrast, tie-line power flow control by TCPS located between two areas makes it possible to stabilize the system frequency oscillations positively through interconnection, which is also expected to provide a new ancillary service for the further power systems. Thus, a control strategy using controlling the phase angle of TCPS is proposed for provide active control facility of system frequency in this paper. Also, the optimum adjustment of PID controller's parameters in a robust way under bilateral contracted scenario following the large step load demands and disturbances with and without TCPS are investigated by Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), that has a strong ability to find the most optimistic results. This newly developed control strategy combines the advantage of PSO and TCPS and has simple stricture that is easy to implement and tune. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy a three-area restructured power system is considered as a test system under different operating conditions and system nonlinearities. Analysis reveals that the TCPS is quite capable of suppressing the frequency and tie-line power oscillations effectively as compared to that obtained without TCPS for a wide range of plant parameter changes, area load demands and disturbances even in the presence of system nonlinearities.
Abstract: Speckle noise affects all coherent imaging systems
including medical ultrasound. In medical images, noise suppression
is a particularly delicate and difficult task. A tradeoff between noise
reduction and the preservation of actual image features has to be made
in a way that enhances the diagnostically relevant image content.
Even though wavelets have been extensively used for denoising
speckle images, we have found that denoising using contourlets gives
much better performance in terms of SNR, PSNR, MSE, variance and
correlation coefficient. The objective of the paper is to determine the
number of levels of Laplacian pyramidal decomposition, the number
of directional decompositions to perform on each pyramidal level and
thresholding schemes which yields optimal despeckling of medical
ultrasound images, in particular. The proposed method consists of the
log transformed original ultrasound image being subjected to contourlet
transform, to obtain contourlet coefficients. The transformed
image is denoised by applying thresholding techniques on individual
band pass sub bands using a Bayes shrinkage rule. We quantify the
achieved performance improvement.
Abstract: We introduce and study the class of weak almost Dunford-Pettis operators. As an application, we characterize Banach lattices with the weak Dunford-Pettis property. Also, we establish some sufficient conditions for which each weak almost Dunford-Pettis operator is weak Dunford-Pettis. Finally, we derive some interesting results.
Abstract: Cryptography, Image watermarking and E-banking are
filled with apparent oxymora and paradoxes. Random sequences are
used as keys to encrypt information to be used as watermark during
embedding the watermark and also to extract the watermark during
detection. Also, the keys are very much utilized for 24x7x365
banking operations. Therefore a deterministic random sequence is
very much useful for online applications. In order to obtain the same
random sequence, we need to supply the same seed to the generator.
Many researchers have used Deterministic Random Number
Generators (DRNGs) for cryptographic applications and Pseudo
Noise Random sequences (PNs) for watermarking. Even though,
there are some weaknesses in PN due to attacks, the research
community used it mostly in digital watermarking. On the other hand,
DRNGs have not been widely used in online watermarking due to its
computational complexity and non-robustness. Therefore, we have
invented a new design of generating DRNG using Pi-series to make it
useful for online Cryptographic, Digital watermarking and Banking
applications.
Abstract: School homework has been synonymous with students- life in Chinese national type primary schools in Malaysia. Although many reports in the press claimed that students were burdened with too much of it, homework continues to be a common practice in national type schools that is believed to contribute to academic achievement. This study is conducted to identify the relationship between the burden of school homework and academic achievement among pupils in Chinese National Type Primary School in the state of Perak, Malaysia. A total of 284 students (142 from urban and 142 from rural) respectively were chosen as participants in this study. Variables of gender and location (urban/rural areas) has shown significant difference in student academic achievement. Female Chinese student from rural areas showed a higher mean score than males from urban area. Therefore, the Chinese language teachers should give appropriate and relevant homework to primary school students to achieve good academic performance.
Abstract: This paper presents a new ultra-wideband (UWB) bandpass filter (BPF) with sharp roll-off and dual-notched bands. The filter consists of a triangle ring multi-mode resonator (MMR) with the stub-loaded resonator (SLR) for controlling the two transmission zeros at 2.8 / 11 GHz, the embedded open-circuited stub and the asymmetric tight coupled input/output (I/O) lines for introducing the dual notched bands at 5.2 / 6.8 GHz. The attenuation slope in the lower and higher passband edges of the proposed filter show 160- and 153-dB/GHz, respectively. This study mainly provides a simple method to design a UWB bandpass filter with high passband selectivity and dual-notched bands for satisfying the Federal Communications Commission (FCC-defined) indoor UWB specification
Abstract: The paper presents the results of research on trends in shaping of multifamily buildings in Poland on the example of Wrocław, after Polish accession to the European Union. The study is conducted within the research project: “Trends in creating of multifamily housing development since 2004, on the Wrocław study case" supported by Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education and will be completed in November 2011. The research involves multifamily buildings completed in the last decade, in term of fundamental urbanization factors such as: building-s coefficient area, useable area, green area (biologically active surface), intensity of building development, amount of dwellings, dwelling area, amount of parking places, numbers of floors, etc. The analysis of these indicators was conducted based on the date obtained in the study of approximately one hundred new housing units, completed in Wroclaw. The analysis attempts to formulate the main trends in creating of housing policy in Poland during the last 10 years in reference to local urban policy.
Abstract: Continuously growing needs for Internet applications
that transmit massive amount of data have led to the emergence of
high speed network. Data transfer must take place without any
congestion and hence feedback parameters must be transferred from
the receiver end to the sender end so as to restrict the sending rate in
order to avoid congestion. Even though TCP tries to avoid
congestion by restricting the sending rate and window size, it never
announces the sender about the capacity of the data to be sent and
also it reduces the window size by half at the time of congestion
therefore resulting in the decrease of throughput, low utilization of
the bandwidth and maximum delay. In this paper, XCP protocol is
used and feedback parameters are calculated based on arrival rate,
service rate, traffic rate and queue size and hence the receiver
informs the sender about the throughput, capacity of the data to be
sent and window size adjustment, resulting in no drastic decrease in
window size, better increase in sending rate because of which there is
a continuous flow of data without congestion. Therefore as a result of
this, there is a maximum increase in throughput, high utilization of
the bandwidth and minimum delay. The result of the proposed work
is presented as a graph based on throughput, delay and window size.
Thus in this paper, XCP protocol is well illustrated and the various
parameters are thoroughly analyzed and adequately presented.
Abstract: Current mode circuits like current conveyors are
getting significant attention in current analog ICs design due to their
higher band-width, greater linearity, larger dynamic range, simpler
circuitry, lower power consumption and less chip area. The second
generation current controlled conveyor (CCCII) has the advantage of
electronic adjustability over the CCII i.e. in CCCII; adjustment of the
X-terminal intrinsic resistance via a bias current is possible. The
presented approach is based on the CMOS implementation of second
generation positive (CCCII+), negative (CCCII-) and dual Output
Current Controlled Conveyor (DOCCCII) and its application as
Universal filter. All the circuits have been designed and simulated
using 65nm CMOS technology model parameters on Cadence
Virtuoso / Spectre using 1V supply voltage. Various simulations have
been carried out to verify the linearity between output and input
ports, range of operation frequency, etc. The outcomes show good
agreement between expected and experimental results.
Abstract: Commercial infrastructures intended for use as leisure
retreats such as golf and ski resorts have been extensively developed in many rural areas of Japan. However, following the burst of the economic bubble in the 1990s, several existing resorts faced tough
management decisions and some were forced to close their business.
In this study, six alternative management options for restructuring the
existing golf courses (park, cemetery, biofuel production, reforestation,
pasturing and abandonment) are examined and their environmental
and economic impacts are quantitatively assessed. In addition,
restructuring scenarios of these options and an ex-ante assessment
model are developed. The scenario analysis by Monte Carlo simulation shows a clear trade-off between GHG savings and benefit/cost (B/C) ratios, of which “Restoring Nature" scenario
absorbs the most CO2 among the four scenarios considered, but its B/C
ratio is the lowest. This study can be used to select or examine options
and scenarios of golf course management and rural environmental
management policies.
Abstract: A device analysis of the photoconductive
semiconductor switch is carried out to investigate distribution of
electric field and carrier concentrations as well as the current density
distribution. The operation of this device was then investigated as a
switch operating in X band. It is shown that despite the presence of
symmetry geometry, switch current density of the on-state steady
state mode is distributed asymmetrically throughout the device.
Abstract: The connection between solar activity and adverse phenomena in the Earth’s environment that can affect space and ground based technologies has spurred interest in Space Weather (SW) research. A great effort has been put on the development of suitable models that can provide advanced forecast of SW events. With the progress in computational technology, it is becoming possible to develop operational large scale physics based models which can incorporate the most important physical processes and domains of the Sun-Earth system. In order to enhance our SW prediction capabilities we are developing advanced numerical tools. With operational requirements in mind, our goal is to develop a modular simulation framework of propagation of the disturbances from the Sun through interplanetary space to the Earth. Here, we report and discuss on the development of coronal field and solar wind components for a large scale MHD code. The model for these components is based on a potential field source surface model and an empirical Wang-Sheeley-Arge solar wind relation.