Abstract: Web applications are an integral part of modem life. They are mostly based upon the HyperText Markup Language (HTML). While HTML meets the basic needs, there are some shortcomings. For example, applications can cease to work once user goes offline, real-time updates may be lagging, and user interface can freeze on computationally intensive tasks. The latest language specification HTML5 attempts to rectify the situation with new tools and protocols. This paper studies the new Web Storage, Geolocation, Web Worker, Canvas, and Web Socket APIs, and presents applications to test their features and efficiencies.
Abstract: Web service adaptation involves the creation of adapters that solve Web services incompatibilities known as mismatches. Since the importance of Web services adaptation is increasing because of the frequent implementation and use of online Web services, this paper presents a literature review of web services to investigate the main methods of adaptation, their theoretical underpinnings and the metrics used to measure adapters performance. Eighteen publications were reviewed independently by two researchers. We found that adaptation techniques are needed to solve different types of problems that may arise due to incompatibilities in Web service interfaces, including protocols, messages, data and semantics that affect the interoperability of the services. Although adapters are non-invasive methods that can improve Web services interoperability and there are current approaches for service adaptation; there is, however, not yet one solution that fits all types of mismatches. Our results also show that only a few research projects incorporate theoretical frameworks and that metrics to measure adapters’ performance are very limited. We conclude that further research on software adaptation should improve current adaptation methods in different layers of the service interoperability and that an adaptation theoretical framework that incorporates a theoretical underpinning and measures of qualitative and quantitative performance needs to be created.
Abstract: Many cluster based routing protocols have been
proposed in the field of wireless sensor networks, in which a group of
nodes are formed as clusters. A cluster head is selected from one
among those nodes based on residual energy, coverage area, number
of hops and that cluster-head will perform data gathering from
various sensor nodes and forwards aggregated data to the base station
or to a relay node (another cluster-head), which will forward the
packet along with its own data packet to the base station. Here a
Game Theory based Diligent Energy Utilization Algorithm (GTDEA)
for routing is proposed. In GTDEA, the cluster head selection is done
with the help of game theory, a decision making process, that selects
a cluster-head based on three parameters such as residual energy
(RE), Received Signal Strength Index (RSSI) and Packet Reception
Rate (PRR). Finding a feasible path to the destination with minimum
utilization of available energy improves the network lifetime and is
achieved by the proposed approach. In GTDEA, the packets are
forwarded to the base station using inter-cluster routing technique,
which will further forward it to the base station. Simulation results
reveal that GTDEA improves the network performance in terms of
throughput, lifetime, and power consumption.
Abstract: This paper describes an ab-initio design, development and calibration results of an Optical Sensor Ground Reaction Force Measurement Platform (OSGRFP) for gait and geriatric studies. The developed system employs an array of FBG sensors to measure the respective ground reaction forces from all three axes (X, Y and Z), which are perpendicular to each other. The novelty of this work is two folded. One is in its uniqueness to resolve the tri axial resultant forces during the stance in to the respective pure axis loads and the other is the applicability of inherently advantageous FBG sensors which are most suitable for biomechanical instrumentation. To validate the response of the FBG sensors installed in OSGRFP and to measure the cross sensitivity of the force applied in other directions, load sensors with indicators are used. Further in this work, relevant mathematical formulations are presented for extracting respective ground reaction forces from wavelength shifts/strain of FBG sensors on the OSGRFP. The result of this device has implications in understanding the foot function, identifying issues in gait cycle and measuring discrepancies between left and right foot. The device also provides a method to quantify and compare relative postural stability of different subjects under test, which has implications in post-surgical rehabilitation, geriatrics and optimizing training protocols for sports personnel.
Abstract: In India, most of the pavement is laid by bituminous
road and the consumption of binder is high for pavement construction
and also modified binders are used to satisfy any specific pavement
requirement. Since the binders are visco-elastic material which is
having the mechanical properties of binder transition from viscoelastic
solid to visco-elastic fluid. In this paper, two different
protocols were used to measure the viscosity property of binder using
a Brookfield Viscometer and there is a need to find the appropriate
mixing and compaction temperatures of various types of binders
which can result in complete aggregate coating and adequate field
density of HMA mixtures. The aim of this work is to find the
transition temperature from Non-Newtonian behavior to Newtonian
behavior of the binder by adopting a steady shear protocol and the
shear rate ramp protocol. The transition from non-Newtonian to
Newtonian can occur through an increase of temperature and shear of
the material. The test has been conducted for unmodified binder VG
30. The transition temperature was found in the unmodified binder
VG is 120oC. Therefore, the application of both modified binder and
unmodified binder in the pavement construction needs to be studied
properly by considering temperature and traffic loading factors of the
respective project site.
Abstract: Opportunistic Routing (OR) increases the
transmission reliability and network throughput. Traditional routing
protocols preselects one or more predetermined nodes before
transmission starts and uses a predetermined neighbor to forward a
packet in each hop. The opportunistic routing overcomes the
drawback of unreliable wireless transmission by broadcasting one
transmission can be overheard by manifold neighbors. The first
cooperation-optimal protocol for Multirate OR (COMO) used to
achieve social efficiency and prevent the selfish behavior of the
nodes. The novel link-correlation-aware OR improves the
performance by exploiting the miscellaneous low correlated forward
links. Context aware Adaptive OR (CAOR) uses active suppression
mechanism to reduce packet duplication. The Context-aware OR
(COR) can provide efficient routing in mobile networks. By using
Cooperative Opportunistic Routing in Mobile Ad hoc Networks
(CORMAN), the problem of opportunistic data transfer can be
tackled. While comparing to all the protocols, COMO is the best as it
achieves social efficiency and prevents the selfish behavior of the
nodes.
Abstract: Background: To improve the delivery of paediatric
healthcare in low resource settings, Community Health Workers
(CHW) have been provided with a paper-based set of protocols
known as Community Case Management (CCM). Yet research has
shown that CHW adherence to CCM guidelines is poor, ultimately
impacting health service delivery. Digitising the CCM guidelines via
mobile technology is argued in extant literature to improve CHW
adherence. However, little research exist which outlines how (a) this
process can be digitised and (b) adherence could be improved as a
result. Aim: To explore how an electronic mobile version of CCM
(eCCM) can overcome issues associated with the paper-based CCM
protocol (inadequate adherence to guidelines) vis-à-vis service
blueprinting. This service blueprint will outline how (a) the CCM
process can be digitised using mobile Clinical Decision Support
Systems software to support clinical decision-making and (b)
adherence can be improved as a result. Method: Development of a
single service blueprint for a standalone application which visually
depicts the service processes (eCCM) when supporting the CHWs,
using an application known as Supporting LIFE (SL eCCM app) as
an exemplar. Results: A service blueprint is developed which
illustrates how the SL eCCM app can be utilised by CHWs to assist
with the delivery of healthcare services to children. Leveraging
smartphone technologies can (a) provide CHWs with just-in-time
data to assist with their decision making at the point-of-care and (b)
improve CHW adherence to CCM guidelines. Conclusions: The
development of the eCCM opens up opportunities for the CHWs to
leverage the inherent benefit of mobile devices to assist them with
health service delivery in rural settings. To ensure that benefits are
achieved, it is imperative to comprehend the functionality and form
of the eCCM service process. By creating such a service blueprint for
an eCCM approach, CHWs are provided with a clear picture
regarding the role of the eCCM solution, often resulting in buy-in
from the end-users.
Abstract: The Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology
has a diverse base of applications, but it is also prone to security
threats. There are different types of security attacks which limit the
range of the RFID applications. For example, deploying the RFID
networks in insecure environments could make the RFID system
vulnerable to many types of attacks such as spoofing attack, location
traceability attack, physical attack and many more. Therefore, security
is often an important requirement for RFID systems. In this paper,
RFID mutual authentication protocol is implemented based on mobile
agent technology and timestamp, which are used to provide strong
authentication and integrity assurances to both the RFID readers and
their corresponding RFID tags. The integration of mobile agent
technology and timestamp provides promising results towards
achieving this goal and towards reducing the security threats in RFID
systems.
Abstract: The main issue in designing a wireless sensor network
(WSN) is the finding of a proper routing protocol that complies with
the several requirements of high reliability, short latency, scalability,
low power consumption, and many others. This paper proposes a
novel routing algorithm that complies with these design
requirements. The new routing protocol divides the WSN into several subnetworks
and each sub-network is divided into several clusters. This
division is designed to reduce the number of radio transmission and
hence decreases the power consumption. The network division may
be changed dynamically to adapt with the network changes and
allows the realization of the design requirements.
Abstract: This paper presents the interface ConductHome which
controls home automation systems with a Leap Motion using
“invariant gesture protocols”. This interface is meant to simplify the
interaction of the user with its environment. A hardware part allows
the Leap Motion to be carried around the house. A software part
interacts with the home automation box and displays the useful
information for the user. An objective of this work is the
development of a natural/invariant/simple gesture control interface to
help elder people/people with disabilities.
Abstract: The availability to deploy mobile applications for
health care is increasing daily thru different mobile app stores. But
within these capabilities the number of hacking attacks has also
increased, in particular into medical mobile applications. The security
vulnerabilities in medical mobile apps can be triggered by errors in
code, incorrect logic, poor design, among other parameters. This is
usually used by malicious attackers to steal or modify the users’
information. The aim of this research is to analyze the vulnerabilities
detected in mobile medical apps according to risk factor standards
defined by OWASP in 2014.
Abstract: Numerous investigations suggest that Mesenchymal
Stem Cells (MSCs) in general represent a valuable tool for therapy of
symptoms related to chronic inflammatory diseases. Blue Horizon
Stem Cell Therapy Program is a leading provider of adult and
children’s stem cell therapies. Uniquely we have safely and
efficiently treated more than 600 patients with documenting each
procedure. The purpose of our study is primarily to monitor the
immune response in order to validate the safety of intravenous
infusion of human umbilical cord blood derived MSCs (UC-MSCs),
and secondly, to evaluate effects on biomarkers associated with
chronic inflammation. Nine patients were treated for conditions
associated with chronic inflammation and for the purpose of antiaging.
They have been given one intravenous infusion of UCMSCs.
Our study of blood test markers of 9 patients with chronic
inflammation before and within three months after MSCs treatment
demonstrates that there is no significant changes and MSCs treatment
was safe for the patients. Analysis of different indicators of chronic
inflammation and aging included in initial, 24-hours, two weeks and
three months protocols showed that stem cell treatment was safe for
the patients; there were no adverse reactions. Moreover data from
follow up protocols demonstrates significant improvement in energy
level, hair, nails growth and skin conditions. Intravenously
administered UC-MSCs were safe and effective in the improvement
of symptoms related to chronic inflammation. Further close
monitoring and inclusion of more patients are necessary to fully
characterize the advantages of UC-MSCs application in treatment of
symptoms related to chronic inflammation.
Abstract: Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) enable new
applications and need non-conventional paradigms for the protocol
because of energy and bandwidth constraints, In WSN, sensor node’s
life is a critical parameter. Research on life extension is based on
Low-Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH) scheme,
which rotates Cluster Head (CH) among sensor nodes to distribute
energy consumption over all network nodes. CH selection in WSN
affects network energy efficiency greatly. This study proposes an
improved CH selection for efficient data aggregation in sensor
networks. This new algorithm is based on Bacterial Foraging
Optimization (BFO) incorporated in LEACH.
Abstract: Mobile Ad hoc Network is a set of self-governing
nodes which communicate through wireless links. Dynamic topology
MANETs makes routing a challenging task. Various routing
protocols are there, but due to various fundamental characteristic
open medium, changing topology, distributed collaboration and
constrained capability, these protocols are tend to various types of
security attacks. Black hole is one among them. In this attack,
malicious node represents itself as having the shortest path to the
destination but that path not even exists. In this paper, we aim to
develop a routing protocol for detection and prevention of black hole
attack by modifying AODV routing protocol. This protocol is able to
detect and prevent the black hole attack. Simulation is done using
NS-2, which shows the improvement in network performance.
Abstract: Mobile Adhoc Networks (MANETs) are
infrastructure-less, dynamic network of collections of wireless mobile
nodes communicating with each other without any centralized
authority. A MANET is a mobile device of interconnections through
wireless links, forming a dynamic topology. Routing protocols have a
big role in data transmission across a network. Routing protocols,
two major classifications are unipath and multipath. This study
evaluates performance of an on-demand multipath routing protocol
named Adhoc On-demand Multipath Distance Vector routing
(AOMDV). This study proposes Energy Aware AOMDV (EAAOMDV)
an extension of AOMDV which decreases energy
consumed on a route.
Abstract: Based on application requirements, nodes are static or
mobile in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). Mobility poses
challenges in protocol design, especially at the link layer requiring
mobility adaptation algorithms to localize mobile nodes and predict
link quality to be established with them. This study implements
XMAC and Berkeley Media Access Control (BMAC) routing
protocols to evaluate performance under WSN’s static and mobility
conditions. This paper gives a comparative study of mobility-aware
MAC protocols. Routing protocol performance, based on Average
End to End Delay, Average Packet Delivery Ratio, Average Number
of hops, and Jitter is evaluated.
Abstract: Most of the existing video streaming protocols
provide video services without considering security aspects in
decentralized mobile ad-hoc networks. The security policies adapted
to the currently existing non-streaming protocols, do not comply with
the live video streaming protocols resulting in considerable
vulnerability, high bandwidth consumption and unreliability which
cause severe security threats, low bandwidth and error prone
transmission respectively in video streaming applications. Therefore
a synergized methodology is required to reduce vulnerability and
bandwidth consumption, and enhance reliability in the video
streaming applications in MANET. To ensure the security measures
with reduced bandwidth consumption and improve reliability of the
video streaming applications, a Secure Low-bandwidth Video
Streaming through Reliable Multipath Propagation (SLVRMP)
protocol architecture has been proposed by incorporating the two
algorithms namely Secure Low-bandwidth Video Streaming
Algorithm and Reliable Secure Multipath Propagation Algorithm
using Layered Video Coding in non-overlapping zone routing
network topology. The performances of the proposed system are
compared to those of the other existing secure multipath protocols
Sec-MR, SPREAD using NS 2.34 and the simulation results show
that the performances of the proposed system get considerably
improved.
Abstract: Cloud computing has emerged as a promising
direction for cost efficient and reliable service delivery across data
communication networks. The dynamic location of service facilities
and the virtualization of hardware and software elements are stressing
the communication networks and protocols, especially when data
centres are interconnected through the internet. Although the
computing aspects of cloud technologies have been largely
investigated, lower attention has been devoted to the networking
services without involving IT operating overhead. Cloud computing
has enabled elastic and transparent access to infrastructure services
without involving IT operating overhead. Virtualization has been a
key enabler for cloud computing. While resource virtualization and
service abstraction have been widely investigated, networking in
cloud remains a difficult puzzle. Even though network has significant
role in facilitating hybrid cloud scenarios, it hasn't received much
attention in research community until recently. We propose Network
as a Service (NaaS), which forms the basis of unifying public and
private clouds. In this paper, we identify various challenges in
adoption of hybrid cloud. We discuss the design and implementation
of a cloud platform.
Abstract: Designing cost-efficient, secure network protocols for
Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) is a challenging problem because
sensors are resource-limited wireless devices. Security services such
as authentication and improved pairwise key establishment are
critical to high efficient networks with sensor nodes. For sensor
nodes to correspond securely with each other efficiently, usage of
cryptographic techniques is necessary. In this paper, two key
predistribution schemes that enable a mobile sink to establish a
secure data-communication link, on the fly, with any sensor nodes.
The intermediate nodes along the path to the sink are able to verify
the authenticity and integrity of the incoming packets using a
predicted value of the key generated by the sender’s essential power.
The proposed schemes are based on the pairwise key with the mobile
sink, our analytical results clearly show that our schemes perform
better in terms of network resilience to node capture than existing
schemes if used in wireless sensor networks with mobile sinks.
Abstract: A sensory network consists of multiple detection
locations called sensor nodes, each of which is tiny, featherweight
and portable. A single path routing protocols in wireless sensor
network can lead to holes in the network, since only the nodes
present in the single path is used for the data transmission. Apart
from the advantages like reduced computation, complexity and
resource utilization, there are some drawbacks like throughput,
increased traffic load and delay in data delivery. Therefore, multipath
routing protocols are preferred for WSN. Distributing the traffic
among multiple paths increases the network lifetime. We propose a
scheme, for the data to be transmitted through a dominant path to
save energy. In order to obtain a high delivery ratio, a basic route
reconstruction protocol is utilized to reconstruct the path whenever a
failure is detected. A basic reconstruction routing (BRR) algorithm is
proposed, in which a node can leap over path failure by using the
already existing routing information from its neighbourhood while
the composed data is transmitted from the source to the sink. In order
to save the energy and attain high data delivery ratio, data is
transmitted along a multiple path, which is achieved by BRR
algorithm whenever a failure is detected. Further, the analysis of
how the proposed protocol overcomes the drawback of the existing
protocols is presented. The performance of our protocol is compared
to AOMDV and energy efficient node-disjoint multipath routing
protocol (EENDMRP). The system is implemented using NS-2.34.
The simulation results show that the proposed protocol has high
delivery ratio with low energy consumption.