Abstract: The presented paper shows the possibility of using
holographic interferometry for measurement of temperature field in
moving fluids. There are a few methods for identification of velocity
fields in fluids, such us LDA, PIV, hot wire anemometry. It is very
difficult to measure the temperature field in moving fluids. One of the
often used methods is Constant Current Anemometry (CCA), which
is a point temperature measurement method. Data are possibly
acquired at frequencies up to 1000Hz. This frequency should be
limiting factor for using of CCA in fluid when fast change of
temperature occurs. This shortcoming of CCA measurements should
be overcome by using of optical methods such as holographic
interferometry. It is necessary to employ a special holographic setup
with double sensitivity instead of the commonly used Mach-Zehnder
type of holographic interferometer in order to attain the parameters
sufficient for the studied case. This setup is not light efficient like the
Mach-Zehnder type but has double sensitivity. The special technique
of acquiring and phase averaging of results from holographic
interferometry is also presented. The results from the holographic
interferometry experiments will be compared with the temperature
field achieved by methods CCA method.
Abstract: The purposes of researches - to estimate implicit ethnic attitudes by direct and indirect methods, to determine the accordance of two types measuring, to investigate influence of task type used in an experiment, on the results of measuring, as well as to determine a presence or communication between recent episodic events and chronologic correlations of ethnic attitudes. Method of the implicit measuring - an evaluative priming (EPT) carried out with the use of different SOA intervals, explicit methods of research are G.Soldatova-s types of ethnic identity, G.Soldatova-s index of tolerance, E.Bogardus scale of social distance. During five stages of researches received results open some aspects of implicit measuring, its correlation with the results of self-reports on different SOA intervals, connection of implicit measuring with emotional valence of episodic events of participants and other indexes, presenting a contribution to the decision of implicit measuring application problem for study of different social constructs
Abstract: techniques are examined to overcome the
performance degradation caused by the channel dispersion using
slow frequency hopping (SFH) with dynamic frequency hopping
(DFH) pattern adaptation. In DFH systems, the frequency slots are
selected by continuous quality monitoring of all frequencies available
in a system and modification of hopping patterns for each individual
link based on replacing slots which its signal to interference ratio
(SIR) measurement is below a required threshold. Simulation results
will show the improvements in BER obtained by DFH in comparison
with matched frequency hopping (MFH), random frequency hopping
(RFH) and multi-carrier code division multiple access (MC-CDMA)
in multipath slowly fading dispersive channels using a generalized
bandpass two-path transfer function model, and will show the
improvement obtained according to the threshold selection.
Abstract: The analytical prediction of the decay heat results
from the fast neutron fission of actinides was initiated under a project, 10-MAT1134-3, funded by king Abdulaziz City of Science
and Technology (KASCT), Long-Term Comprehensive National Plan for Science, Technology and Innovations, managed by a team
from King Abdulaziz University (KAU), Saudi Arabia, and
supervised by Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) has collaborated
with KAU's team to assist in the computational analysis. In this paper, the numerical solution of coupled linear differential equations
that describe the decays and buildups of minor fission product MFA, has been used to predict the total decay heat and its components from the fast neutron fission of 235U and 239Pu. The reliability of the present approach is illustrated via systematic
comparisons with the measurements reported by the University of
Tokyo, in YAYOI reactor.
Abstract: DNA microarrays allow the measurement of expression levels for a large number of genes, perhaps all genes of an organism, within a number of different experimental samples. It is very much important to extract biologically meaningful information from this huge amount of expression data to know the current state of the cell because most cellular processes are regulated by changes in gene expression. Association rule mining techniques are helpful to find association relationship between genes. Numerous association rule mining algorithms have been developed to analyze and associate this huge amount of gene expression data. This paper focuses on some of the popular association rule mining algorithms developed to analyze gene expression data.
Abstract: Smoke from domestic wood burning has been
identified as a major contributor to air pollution, motivating detailed
emission measurements under controlled conditions. A series of
experiments was performed to characterise the emissions from wood
combustion in a fireplace and in a woodstove of two common species
of trees grown in Spain: Pyrenean oak (Quercus pyrenaica) and
black poplar (Populus nigra). Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in
the exhaust emissions were collected in Tedlar bags, re-sampled in
sorbent tubes and analysed by thermal desorption-gas
chromatography-flame ionisation detection. Pyrenean oak presented
substantially higher emissions in the woodstove than in the fireplace,
for the majority of compounds. The opposite was observed for
poplar. Among the 45 identified species, benzene and benzenerelated
compounds represent the most abundant group, followed by
oxygenated VOCs and aliphatics. Emission factors obtained in this
study are generally of the same order than those reported for
residential experiments in the USA.
Abstract: The objective of this paper is to study the electrical
resistivity complexity between field and laboratory measurement, in
order to improve the effectiveness of data interpretation for
geophysical ground resistivity survey. The geological outcrop in
Penang, Malaysia with an obvious layering contact was chosen as the
study site. Two dimensional geoelectrical resistivity imaging were
used in this study to maps the resistivity distribution of subsurface,
whereas few subsurface sample were obtained for laboratory
advance. In this study, resistivity of samples in original conditions is
measured in laboratory by using time domain low-voltage technique,
particularly for granite core sample and soil resistivity measuring set
for soil sample. The experimentation results from both schemes are
studied, analyzed, calibrated and verified, including basis and
correlation, degree of tolerance and characteristics of substance.
Consequently, the significant different between both schemes is
explained comprehensively within this paper.
Abstract: Blood pulse is an important human physiological signal commonly used for the understanding of the individual physical health. Current methods of non-invasive blood pulse sensing require direct contact or access to the human skin. As such, the performances of these devices tend to vary with time and are subjective to human body fluids (e.g. blood, perspiration and skin-oil) and environmental contaminants (e.g. mud, water, etc). This paper proposes a simulation model for the novel method of non-invasive acquisition of blood pulse using the disturbance created by blood flowing through a localized magnetic field. The simulation model geometry represents a blood vessel, a permanent magnet, a magnetic sensor, surrounding tissues and air in 2-dimensional. In this model, the velocity and pressure fields in the blood stream are described based on Navier-Stroke equations and the walls of the blood vessel are assumed to have no-slip condition. The blood assumes a parabolic profile considering a laminar flow for blood in major artery near the skin. And the inlet velocity follows a sinusoidal equation. This will allow the computational software to compute the interactions between the magnetic vector potential generated by the permanent magnet and the magnetic nanoparticles in the blood. These interactions are simulated based on Maxwell equations at the location where the magnetic sensor is placed. The simulated magnetic field at the sensor location is found to assume similar sinusoidal waveform characteristics as the inlet velocity of the blood. The amplitude of the simulated waveforms at the sensor location are compared with physical measurements on human subjects and found to be highly correlated.
Abstract: An optical fiber Fabry-Perot interferometer (FFPI) is
proposed and demonstrated for dynamic measurements in a
mechanical vibrating target. A polishing metal with a low reflectance
value adhered to a mechanical vibrator was excited via a function
generator at various excitation frequencies. Output interference
fringes were generated by modulating the reference and sensing
signal at the output arm. A fringe-counting technique was used for
interpreting the displacement information on the dedicated computer.
The fiber interferometer has been found the capability of the
displacement measurements of 1.28 μm – 96.01 μm. A commercial
displacement sensor was employed as a reference sensor for
investigating the measurement errors from the fiber sensor. A
maximum percentage measurement error of approximately 1.59 %
was obtained.
Abstract: Recycling of aluminum alloys often decrease fluidity,
consequently influence the castability of the alloy. In this study, the
fluidity of Al-Zn alloys, such as the standard A713 alloy with and
without scrap addition has been investigated. The scrap added was
comprised of contaminated alloy turning chips. Fluidity
measurements were performed with double spiral fluidity test
consisting of gravity casting of double spirals in green sand moulds
with good reproducibility. The influence of recycled alloy on fluidity
has been compared with that of the virgin alloy and the results
showed that the fluidity decreased with the increase in recycled alloy
at minimum pouring temperatures. Interestingly, an appreciable
improvement in the fluidity was observed at maximum pouring
temperature, especially for coated spirals.
Abstract: A solar refrigeration system based on the adsorptiondesorption
phenomena is designed and analyzed. An annular tubular
generator filled with silica gel adsorbent and with a perforated inner
cylinder is integrated within a flat solar collector. The working fluid
in the refrigeration cycle is water. The thermodynamic analysis and
because of the temperature level that could be attained with a flat
solar collector it is required that the system operates under vacuum
conditions. In order to enhance the performance of the system and to
get uniform temperature in the silica gel and higher desorbed mass,
an apparatus for rotation of the generator is incorporated in the
system. Testing is carried out and measurements are taken on the
designed installation. The effect of rotation is checked on the
temperature distribution and on the performance of this machine and
compared to the flat solar collector with fixed generator.
Abstract: In this work, we consider an application of neural networks in LD converter. Application of this approach assumes a reliable prediction of steel temperature and reduces a reblow ratio in steel work. It has been applied a conventional model to charge calculation, the obtained results by this technique are not always good, this is due to the process complexity. Difficulties are mainly generated by the noisy measurement and the process non linearities. Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) have become a powerful tool for these complex applications. It is used a backpropagation algorithm to learn the neural nets. (ANNs) is used to predict the steel bath temperature in oxygen converter process for the end condition. This model has 11 inputs process variables and one output. The model was tested in steel work, the obtained results by neural approach are better than the conventional model.
Abstract: The issue of scientific – technological parks has been
proposed in several countries of the world especially in western
countries since a few decades ago and its efficiency is under
examination. In our county Iran, some scientific – technological
parks have been established or are being established. This design
would evaluate the urban role and method of architecture of these
parks in order to criticize its efficiency and offer some suggestions,
as much as possible to improve its building methods in Iran. The
main problem of this design is that how much these parks in Iran do
meet the international measurements. So for this reason, one
scientific park in Iran and one from western countries would be
studied and compared with each other.
Abstract: The data measurement of mean velocity has been
taken for the wake of single circular cylinder with three different diameters for two different velocities. The effects of change in
diameter and in velocity are studied in self-similar coordinate system.
The spatial variations of velocity defect and that of the half-width
have been investigated. The results are compared with those
published by H.Schlichting. In the normalized coordinates, it is also observed that all cases except for the first station are self-similar. By attention to self-similarity profiles of mean velocity, it is observed for all the cases at the each station curves tend to zero at a same point.
Abstract: Prior to the use of detectors, characteristics
comparison study was performed and baseline established. In patient
specific QA, the portal dosimetry mean values of area gamma,
average gamma and maximum gamma were 1.02, 0.31 and 1.31 with
standard deviation of 0.33, 0.03 and 0.14 for IMRT and the
corresponding values were 1.58, 0.48 and 1.73 with standard
deviation of 0.31, 0.06 and 0.66 for VMAT. With ImatriXX 2-D
array system, on an average 99.35% of the pixels passed the criteria
of 3%-3 mm gamma with standard deviation of 0.24 for dynamic
IMRT. For VMAT, the average value was 98.16% with a standard
deviation of 0.86. The results showed that both the systems can be
used in patient specific QA measurements for IMRT and VMAT.
The values obtained with the portal dosimetry system were found to
be relatively more consistent compared to those obtained with
ImatriXX 2-D array system.
Abstract: In order to realize long-lived electric propulsion
systems, we have been investigating an electrodeless plasma thruster.
In our concept, a helicon plasma is accelerated by the magnetic nozzle
for the thrusts production. In addition, the electromagnetic thrust can
be enhanced by the additional radio-frequency rotating electric field
(REF) power in the magnetic nozzle. In this study, a direct
measurement of the electromagnetic thrust and a probe measurement
have been conducted using a laboratory model of the thruster under the
condition without the REF power input. Fromthrust measurement, it is
shown that the thruster produces a sub-milli-newton order
electromagnetic thrust force without the additional REF power. The
thrust force and the density jump are observed due to the discharge
mode transition from the inductive coupled plasma to the helicon wave
excited plasma. The thermal thrust is theoretically estimated, and the
total thrust force, which is a sum of the electromagnetic and the
thermal thrust force and specific impulse are calculated to be up to 650
μN (plasma production power of 400 W, Ar gas mass flow rate of 1.0
mg/s) and 210 s (plasma production power of 400 W, Ar gas mass flow
rate of 0.2 mg/s), respectively.
Abstract: Experimental investigation has been carried out
towards understanding the complex fluid dynamics involved in the
interaction of vortical structures with zero pressure gradient boundary
layer. A laminar boundary layer is produced on the flat plate placed
in the water flume and the synthetic jet actuator is deployed on top of
the plate at a definite distance from the leading edge. The synthetic
jet actuator has been designed in such a way that the to and fro
motion of the diaphragm is maneuvered at will by varying the
operating parameters to produce the typical streamwise vortical
structures namely hairpin and tilted vortices. PIV measurements are
made on the streamwise plane normal to the plate to evaluate their
interaction with the near wall fluid.
Abstract: The objective of this study was to develop and compare alternative prediction equations of lean meat proportion (LMP) of lamb carcasses. Forty (40) male lambs, 22 of Churra Galega Bragançana Portuguese local breed and 18 of Suffolk breed were used. Lambs were slaughtered, and carcasses weighed approximately 30 min later in order to obtain hot carcass weight (HCW). After cooling at 4º C for 24-h a set of seventeen carcass measurements was recorded. The left side of carcasses was dissected into muscle, subcutaneous fat, inter-muscular fat, bone, and remainder (major blood vessels, ligaments, tendons, and thick connective tissue sheets associated with muscles), and the LMP was evaluated as the dissected muscle percentage. Prediction equations of LMP were developed, and fitting quality was evaluated through the coefficient of determination of estimation (R2 e) and standard error of estimate (SEE). Models validation was performed by k-fold crossvalidation and the coefficient of determination of prediction (R2 p) and standard error of prediction (SEP) were computed. The BT2 measurement was the best single predictor and accounted for 37.8% of the LMP variation with a SEP of 2.30%. The prediction of LMP of lamb carcasses can be based simple models, using as predictors the HCW and one fat thickness measurement.
Abstract: Characterization and evaluation of the activity of Vespa basalis DPP-IV, which expressed in Spodoptera frugiperda 21 cells. The expression of rDPP-IV was confirmed by SDS–PAGE, Western blot analyses, LC-MS/MS and measurement of its peptidase specificity. One-step purification by Ni-NTA affinity chromatography and the total amount of rDPP-IV recovered was approximately 6.4mg per liter from infected culture medium; an equivalent amount would be produced by 1x109 infected Sf21 insect cells. Through the affinity purification led to highly stable rDPP-IV enzyme was recovered and with significant peptidase activity. The rDPP-IV exhibited classical Michaelis–Menten kinetics, with kcat/Km in the range of 10-500 mM-1×S-1 for the five synthetic substrates and optimum substrate is Ala-Pro-pNA. As expected in inhibition assay, the enzymatic activity of rDPP-IV was significantly reduced by 80 or 60% in the presence of sitagliptin (a DPP-IV inhibitor) or PMSF (a serine protease inhibitor), but was not apparently affected by iodoacetamide (a cysteine protease inhibitor).
Abstract: We report the size dependence of 1D superconductivity in ultrathin (10-130 nm) nanowires produced by coating suspended carbon nanotubes with a superconducting NbN thin film. The resistance-temperature characteristic curves for samples with ≧25 nm wire width show the superconducting transition. On the other hand, for the samples with 10-nm width, the superconducting transition is not exhibited owing to the quantum size effect. The differential resistance vs. current density characteristic curves show some peak, indicating that Josephson junctions are formed in nanowires. The presence of the Josephson junctions is well explained by the measurement of the magnetic field dependence of the critical current. These understanding allow for the further expansion of the potential application of NbN, which is utilized for single photon detectors and so on.