Abstract: There are three distinct stages in the evolution of
economic thought, namely:
1. in the first stage, the major concern was to accelerate
economic growth with increased availability of material
goods, especially in developing economies with very low
living standards, because poverty eradication meant faster
economic growth.
2. in the second stage, economists made distinction between
growth and development. Development was seen as going
beyond economic growth, and bringing certain changes in
the structure of the economy with more equitable
distribution of the benefits of growth, with the growth
coming automatic and sustained.
3. the third stage is now reached. Our concern is now with
“sustainable development", that is, development not only
for the present but also of the future.
Thus the focus changed from “sustained growth" to “sustained
development". Sustained development brings to the fore the long
term relationship between the ecology and economic development.
Since the creation of UNEP in 1972 it has worked for
development without destruction for environmentally sound and
sustained development. It was realised that the environment cannot
be viewed in a vaccum, it is not separate from development, nor is it
competing. It suggested for the integration of the environment with
development whereby ecological factors enter development planning,
socio-economic policies, cost-benefit analysis, trade, technology
transfer, waste management, educational and other specific areas.
Industrialisation has contributed to the growth of economy of
several countries. It has improved the standards of living of its people
and provided benefits to the society. It has also created in the process
great environmental problems like climate change, forest destruction
and denudation, soil erosion and desertification etc.
On the other hand, industry has provided jobs and improved the
prospects of wealth for the industrialists. The working class
communities had to simply put up with the high levels of pollution in
order to keep up their jobs and also to save their income.
There are many roots of the environmental problem. They may be
political, economic, cultural and technological conditions of the
modern society. The experts concede that industrial growth lies
somewhere close to the heart of the matter. Therefore, the objective
of this paper is not to document all roots of an environmental crisis
but rather to discuss the effects of industrial growth and
development.
We have come to the conclusion that although public intervention
is often unnecessary to ensure that perfectly competitive markets will
function in society-s best interests, such intervention is necessary
when firms or consumers pollute.
Abstract: In the globalization process, when the struggle for minds and values of the people is taking place, the impact of the virtual space can cause unexpected effects and consequences in the process of adjustment of young people in this world. Their special significance is defined by unconscious influence on the underlying process of meaning and therefore the values preached by them are much more effective and affect both the personal characteristics and the peculiarities of adjustment process. Related to this the challenge is to identify factors influencing the reflection characteristics of virtual subjects and measures their impact on the personal characteristics of the students.
Abstract: The present study concentrates on solving the along wind oscillation problem of a tall square building from first principles and across wind oscillation problem of the same from empirical relations obtained by experiments. The criterion for human comfort at the worst condition at the top floor of the building is being considered and a limiting value of height of a building for a given cross section is predicted. Numerical integrations are carried out as and when required. The results show severeness of across wind oscillations in comparison to along wind oscillation. The comfort criterion is combined with across wind oscillation results to determine the maximum allowable height of a building for a given square cross-section.
Abstract: In this paper we propose a computational model for the representation and processing of morpho-phonological phenomena in a natural language, like Modern Greek. We aim at a unified treatment of inflection, compounding, and word-internal phonological changes, in a model that is used for both analysis and generation. After discussing certain difficulties cuase by well-known finitestate approaches, such as Koskenniemi-s two-level model [7] when applied to a computational treatment of compounding, we argue that a morphology-based model provides a more adequate account of word-internal phenomena. Contrary to the finite state approaches that cannot handle hierarchical word constituency in a satisfactory way, we propose a unification-based word grammar, as the nucleus of our strategy, which takes into consideration word representations that are based on affixation and [stem stem] or [stem word] compounds. In our formalism, feature-passing operations are formulated with the use of the unification device, and phonological rules modeling the correspondence between lexical and surface forms apply at morpheme boundaries. In the paper, examples from Modern Greek illustrate our approach. Morpheme structures, stress, and morphologically conditioned phoneme changes are analyzed and generated in a principled way.
Abstract: The application of a high frequency signal injection method as speed and position observer in PMSM drives has been a research focus. At present, the precision of this method is nearly good as that of ten-bit encoder. But there are some questions for estimating position polarity. Based on high frequency signal injection, this paper presents a method to compensate position polarity for permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM). Experiments were performed to test the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm and results present the good performance.
Abstract: In a nuclear reactor Loss of Coolant accident (LOCA)
considers wide range of postulated damage or rupture of pipe in the
heat transport piping system. In the case of LOCA with/without
failure of emergency core cooling system in a Pressurised Heavy
water Reactor, the Pressure Tube (PT) temperature could rise
significantly due to fuel heat up and gross mismatch of the heat
generation and heat removal in the affected channel. The extent and
nature of deformation is important from reactor safety point of view.
Experimental set-ups have been designed and fabricated to simulate
ballooning (radial deformation) of PT for 220 MWe IPHWRs.
Experiments have been conducted by covering the CT by ceramic
fibers and then by submerging CT in water of voided PTs. In both
the experiments, it is observed that ballooning initiates at a
temperature around 665´┐¢C and complete contact between PT and
Caldaria Tube (CT) occurs at around 700´┐¢C approximately. The
strain rate is found to be 0.116% per second. The structural integrity
of PT is retained (no breach) for all the experiments. The PT heatup
is found to be arrested after the contact between PT and CT, thus
establishing moderator acting as an efficient heat sink for IPHWRs.
Abstract: To investigate the correspondence of theory and
practice, a successfully implemented Knowledge Management
System (KMS) is explored through the lens of Alavi and Leidner-s
proposed KMS framework for the analysis of an information system
in knowledge management (Framework-AISKM). The applied KMS
system was designed to manage curricular knowledge in a distributed
university environment. The motivation for the KMS is discussed
along with the types of knowledge necessary in an academic setting.
Elements of the KMS involved in all phases of capturing and
disseminating knowledge are described. As the KMS matures the
resulting data stores form the precursor to and the potential for
knowledge mining. The findings from this exploratory study indicate
substantial correspondence between the successful KMS and the
theory-based framework providing provisional confirmation for the
framework while suggesting factors that contributed to the system-s
success. Avenues for future work are described.
Abstract: In this cyber age, the job market has been rapidly transforming and being digitalized. Submitting a paper-based curriculum vitae (CV) nowadays does not grant a job seeker a high employability rate. This paper calls for attention on the creation of mobile Curriculum Vitae or m-CV (http://mcurriculumvitae. blogspot.com), a sample of an individual CV developed using weblog, which can enhance the job hunter especially fresh graduate-s higher marketability rate. This study is designed to identify the perceptions held by Malaysian university students regarding m-CV grounded on a modified Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). It measures the strength and the direction of relationships among three major variables – Perceived Ease of Use (PEOU), Perceived Usefulness (PU) and Behavioral Intention (BI) to use. The finding shows that university students generally accepted adopting m-CV since they perceived m-CV to be more useful rather than easy to use. Additionally, this study has confirmed TAM to be a useful theoretical model in helping to understand and explain the behavioral intention to use Web 2.0 application-weblog publishing their CV. The result of the study has underlined another significant positive value of using weblog to create personal CV. Further research of m-CV has been highlighted in this paper.
Abstract: In today's complex global environment, emotional intelligence in educational administrations encompasses self-regard that is formed to utilize communication effectiveness. The paper is undertaken to understand the relationship between managers- emotional intelligence especially self-regard and employees to improve communication effectiveness in educational administrations of Iran. Data (N = 145) for this study were collected through questionnaires that participants were managers and employees educational administrations of Iran. The aim of this paper assess the emotional intelligence especially self-regard of managers and employees and its relationship with communication effectiveness in educational administrations of Iran. This paper explained self-regard that has a high relationship with communication especially communication effectiveness. Self-regard plays an important role in communication effectiveness. Individuals with high self-regard tend to have higher emotional intelligence and this action lead to improve communication effectiveness. The result of the paper shows a strong correspondence between self-regard and communication effectiveness in educational administrations.
Abstract: This paper presents a very simple and efficient
algorithm for codebook search, which reduces a great deal of
computation as compared to the full codebook search. The algorithm
is based on sorting and centroid technique for search. The results
table shows the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm in terms of
computational complexity. In this paper we also introduce a new
performance parameter named as Average fractional change in pixel
value as we feel that it gives better understanding of the closeness of
the image since it is related to the perception. This new performance
parameter takes into consideration the average fractional change in
each pixel value.
Abstract: In this work we numerically examine structures which
could confine light in nanometer areas. A system consisting of two silicon disks with in plane separation of a few tens of nanometers has
been studied first. The normalized unitless effective mode volume, Veff, has been calculated for the two lowest whispering gallery mode resonances. The effective mode volume is reduced significantly as the gap between the disks decreases. In addition, the effect of the substrate is also studied. In that case, Veff of approximately the same
value as the non-substrate case for a similar two disk system can be
obtained by using disks almost twice as thick. We also numerically examine a structure consisting of a circular slot waveguide which is formed into a silicon disk resonator. We show that the proposed structure could have high Q resonances thus raising the belief that it
is a very promising candidate for optical interconnects applications.
The study includes several numerical calculations for all the geometric parameters of the structure. It also includes numerical simulations of the coupling between a waveguide and the proposed
disk resonator leading to a very promising conclusion about its applicability.
Abstract: Nowadays, Gene Ontology has been used widely by many researchers for biological data mining and information retrieval, integration of biological databases, finding genes, and incorporating knowledge in the Gene Ontology for gene clustering. However, the increase in size of the Gene Ontology has caused problems in maintaining and processing them. One way to obtain their accessibility is by clustering them into fragmented groups. Clustering the Gene Ontology is a difficult combinatorial problem and can be modeled as a graph partitioning problem. Additionally, deciding the number k of clusters to use is not easily perceived and is a hard algorithmic problem. Therefore, an approach for solving the automatic clustering of the Gene Ontology is proposed by incorporating cohesion-and-coupling metric into a hybrid algorithm consisting of a genetic algorithm and a split-and-merge algorithm. Experimental results and an example of modularized Gene Ontology in RDF/XML format are given to illustrate the effectiveness of the algorithm.
Abstract: This paper focuses upon three such painters working in
France from this time and their representations both of their host
country in which they found themselves displaced, and of their
homeland which they represent through refracted memories from their
new perspective in Europe. What is their representation of France and
China´╝ÅTaiwan? Is it Otherness or an origin?
This paper also attempts to explore the three artists- diasporic lives
and to redefine their transnational identities. Hou Chin-lang, the
significance of his multiple-split images serve to highlight the intricate
relationships between his work and the surrounding family, and to
reveal his identity of his Taiwan “homeland". Yin Xin takes paintings
from the Western canon and subjects them to a process of
transformation through Chinese imagery. In the same period, Lin
Li-ling, transforms the transnational spirit of Yin Xin to symbolic
codes with neutered female bodies and tatoos, thus creates images that
challenge the boundaries of both gender and nationality.
Abstract: In its attempt to offer new ways into autonomy for a
large population of disabled people, assistive technology has largely
been inspired by robotics engineering. Recent human-like robots
carry new hopes that it seems to us necessary to analyze by means of
a specific theory of anthropomorphism. We propose to distinguish a
functional anthropomorphism which is the one of actual wheelchairs
from a structural anthropomorphism based on a mimicking of human
physiological systems. If functional anthropomorphism offers the
main advantage of eliminating the physiological systems
interdependence issue, the highly link between the robot for disabled
people and their human-built environment would lead to privilege in
the future the anthropomorphic structural way. In this future
framework, we highlight a general interdependence principle : any
partial or local structural anthropomorphism generates new
anthropomorphic needs due to the physiological systems
interdependency, whose effects can be evaluated by means of
specific anthropomorphic criterions derived from a set theory-based
approach of physiological systems.
Abstract: Chlorine is one of the most abundant elements in
nature, which undergoes a complex biogeochemical cycle. Chlorine
bound in some substances is partly responsible for atmospheric ozone
depletion and contamination of some ecosystems. As due to
international regulations anthropogenic burden of volatile
organochlorines (VOCls) in atmosphere decreases, natural sources
(plants, soil, abiotic formation) are expected to dominate VOCl
production in the near future. Examples of plant VOCl production are
methyl chloride, and bromide emission from (sub)tropical ferns,
chloroform, 1,1,1-trichloroethane and tetrachloromethane emission
from temperate forest fern and moss. Temperate forests are found to
emit in addition to the previous compounds tetrachloroethene, and
brominated volatile compounds. VOCls can be taken up and further
metabolized in plants. The aim of this work is to identify and
quantitatively analyze the formed VOCls in temperate forest
ecosystems by a cryofocusing/GC-ECD detection method, hence
filling a gap of knowledge in the biogeochemical cycle of chlorine.
Abstract: The one-class support vector machine “support vector
data description” (SVDD) is an ideal approach for anomaly or outlier
detection. However, for the applicability of SVDD in real-world
applications, the ease of use is crucial. The results of SVDD are
massively determined by the choice of the regularisation parameter C
and the kernel parameter of the widely used RBF kernel. While for
two-class SVMs the parameters can be tuned using cross-validation
based on the confusion matrix, for a one-class SVM this is not
possible, because only true positives and false negatives can occur
during training. This paper proposes an approach to find the optimal
set of parameters for SVDD solely based on a training set from
one class and without any user parameterisation. Results on artificial
and real data sets are presented, underpinning the usefulness of the
approach.
Abstract: Injection molding is a very complicated process to
monitor and control. With its high complexity and many process
parameters, the optimization of these systems is a very challenging
problem. To meet the requirements and costs demanded by the
market, there has been an intense development and research with the
aim to maintain the process under control. This paper outlines the
latest advances in necessary algorithms for plastic injection process
and monitoring, and also a flexible data acquisition system that
allows rapid implementation of complex algorithms to assess their
correct performance and can be integrated in the quality control
process. This is the main topic of this paper. Finally, to demonstrate
the performance achieved by this combination, a real case of use is
presented.
Abstract: Much research into handwritten Thai character
recognition have been proposed, such as comparing heads of
characters, Fuzzy logic and structure trees, etc. This paper presents a
system of handwritten Thai character recognition, which is based on
the Ant-minor algorithm (data mining based on Ant colony
optimization). Zoning is initially used to determine each character.
Then three distinct features (also called attributes) of each character
in each zone are extracted. The attributes are Head zone, End point,
and Feature code. All attributes are used for construct the
classification rules by an Ant-miner algorithm in order to classify
112 Thai characters. For this experiment, the Ant-miner algorithm is
adapted, with a small change to increase the recognition rate. The
result of this experiment is a 97% recognition rate of the training set
(11200 characters) and 82.7% recognition rate of unseen data test
(22400 characters).
Abstract: Champs Bourcin black grape originated from
Aquitaine, France and planted in Sapa, Lao cai provice, exhibited
high total acidity (11.72 g/L). After 9 days of alcoholic fermentation
at 25oC using Saccharomyces cerevisiae UP3OY5 strain, the ethanol
concentration of wine was 11.5% v/v, however the sharp sour taste of
wine has been found. The malolactic fermentation (MLF) was carried
out by Oenococcus oeni ATCCBAA-1163 strain which had been preadapted
to acid (pH 3-4) and ethanol (8-12%v/v) conditions. We
obtained the highest vivability (83.2%) upon malolactic fermentation
after 5 days at 22oC with early stationary phase O. oeni cells preadapted
to pH 3.5 and 8% v/v ethanol in MRS medium. The malic
acid content in wine was decreased from 5.82 g/L to 0.02 g/L after
MLF (21 days at 22oC). The sensory quality of wine was
significantly improved.
Abstract: In this paper, the details of an experimental method to measure the clamping force value at bolted connections due to application of wrenching torque to tighten the nut have been presented. A simplified bolted joint including a holed plate with a single bolt was considered to carry out the experiments. This method was designed based on Hooke-s law by measuring compressive axial strain of a steel bush placed between the nut and the plate. In the experimental procedure, the values of clamping force were calculated for seven different levels of applied torque, and this process was repeated three times for each level of the torque. Moreover, the effect of lubrication of threads on the clamping value was studied using the same method. In both conditions (dry and lubricated threads), relation between the torque and the clamping force have been displayed in graphs.