Abstract: Essential hypertension (HTN) usually clusters with other cardiovascular risk factors such as age, overweight, diabetes, insulin resistance and dyslipidemia. The target organ damage (TOD) such as left ventricular hypertrophy, microalbuminuria (MA), acute coronary syndrome (ACS), stroke and cognitive dysfunction takes place early in course of hypertension. Though the prevalence of hypertension is high in India, the relationship between microalbuminuria and target organ damage in hypertension is not well studied. This study aim at detecting MA in essential hypertension and its relation to severity of HTN, duration of HTN, body mass index (BMI), age and TOD such as HTN retinopathy and acute coronary syndrome The present study was done in 100 patients of essential hypertension non diabetics admitted to B.L.D.E.University-s Sri B.M.Patil Medical College, Bijapur, from October 2008 to April 2011. The patients underwent detailed history and clinical examination. Early morning 5 ml of urine sample was collected & MA was estimated by immunoturbidometry method. The relationship of MA with the duration & severity of HTN, BMI, age, sex and TOD's like hypertensive retinopathy, ACS was assessed by univariate analysis. The prevalence of MA in this study was found to be 63 %. In that 42% were male & 21% were female. In this study a significant association between MA and the duration of hypertension (p = 0.036) & (OR =0.438). Longer the duration of hypertension, more possibility of microalbumin in urine. Also there was a significant association between severity of hypertension and MA (p=0.045) and (OR=0.093). MA was positive in 50 (79.4%) patients out of 63, whose blood pressure was >160/100 mm Hg. In this study a significant association between MA and the grades of hypertensive retinopathy (p =0.011) and acute coronary syndrome (p = 0.041) (OR =2.805). Gender and BMI did not pose high risk for MA in this study.The prevalence of MA in essential hypertension is high in this part of the community and MA will increase the risk of developing target organ damage.Early screening of patients with essential hypertension for MA and aggressive management of positive cases might reduce the burden of chronic kidney diseases and cardiovascular diseases in the community.
Abstract: Numerical studies on race car aerodynamics at wing
in ground effect have been carried out using a steady 3d, double
precision, pressure-based, and standard k-epsilon turbulence model.
Through various parametric analytical studies we have observed that
at a particular speed and ground clearance of the wings a favorable
negative lift was found high at a particular angle of attack for all the
physical models considered in this paper. The fact is that if the
ground clearance height to chord length (h/c) is too small, the
developing boundary layers from either side (the ground and the
lower surface of the wing) can interact, leading to an altered variation
of the aerodynamic characteristics at wing in ground effect. Therefore
a suitable ground clearance must be predicted throughout the racing
for a better performance of the race car, which obviously depends
upon the coupled effects of the topography, wing orientation with
respect to the ground, the incoming flow features and/or the race car
speed. We have concluded that for the design of high performance
and high speed race cars the adjustable wings capable to alter the
ground clearance and the angles of attack is the best design option for
any race car for racing safely with variable speeds.
Abstract: As the number of networked computers grows,
intrusion detection is an essential component in keeping networks
secure. Various approaches for intrusion detection are currently
being in use with each one has its own merits and demerits. This
paper presents our work to test and improve the performance of a
new class of decision tree c-fuzzy decision tree to detect intrusion.
The work also includes identifying best candidate feature sub set to
build the efficient c-fuzzy decision tree based Intrusion Detection
System (IDS). We investigated the usefulness of c-fuzzy decision
tree for developing IDS with a data partition based on horizontal
fragmentation. Empirical results indicate the usefulness of our
approach in developing the efficient IDS.
Abstract: Water borne polyurethane (PU) based on newly prepared hyperbranched poly (amine-ester) (HBPAE) was applied and evaluated as organic coating material. HBPAE was prepared through one-pot synthesis between trimethylol propane as a core and AB2 branched monomer which was obtained via Michal addition of methyl methacrylate (MMA) and diethanol amine (DEA). PU was prepared from HBPAE using different ratios of toluene diisocyanate (TDI) to form cured coating film. The prepared HBPAE was characterized using; GPC, FT-IR and 1H-NMR. The mechanical properties (impact, hardness, adhesion, and flexibility), thermal properties (DSC and TGA) and chemical resistance of the applied film were estimated. The results indicated 50% of TDI is the selected ratio. This formulation represents a promising candidate to be used as coating material.
Abstract: The effect of small non-parallelism of the base flow
on the stability of slightly curved mixing layers is analyzed in the
present paper. Assuming that the instability wavelength is much
smaller than the length scale of the variation of the base flow we
derive an amplitude evolution equation using the method of multiple
scales. The proposed asymptotic model provides connection between
parallel flow approximations and takes into account slow
longitudinal variation of the base flow.
Abstract: We study different types of aggregation operators such
as the ordered weighted averaging (OWA) operator and the
generalized OWA (GOWA) operator. We analyze the use of OWA
operators in the Minkowski distance. We will call these new distance
aggregation operator the Minkowski ordered weighted averaging
distance (MOWAD) operator. We give a general overview of this
type of generalization and study some of their main properties. We
also analyze a wide range of particular cases found in this
generalization such as the ordered weighted averaging distance
(OWAD) operator, the Euclidean ordered weighted averaging
distance (EOWAD) operator, the normalized Minkowski distance,
etc. Finally, we give an illustrative example of the new approach
where we can see the different results obtained by using different
aggregation operators.
Abstract: With the long-term objective of Critical Heat Flux (CHF) prediction, a Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS) framework for simulation of subcooled and saturated nucleate pool boiling is developed. One case of saturated, and three cases of subcooled boiling at different subcooling levels are simulated. Grid refinement study is also reported. Both boiling and condensation phenomena can be computed simultaneously in the proposed numerical framework. Computed bubble detachment diameters of the saturated nucleate pool boiling cases agree well with the experiment. The flow structures around the growing bubble are presented and the accompanying physics is described. The relation between heat flux evolution from the heated wall and the bubble growth is studied, along with investigations of temperature distribution and flow field evolutions.
Abstract: The refueling of a transparent rectangular fuel tank
fitted with a standard filler pipe and roll-over valve was
experimentally studied. A fuel-conditioning cart, capable of
handling fuels of different Reid vapor pressure at a constant
temperature, was used to dispense fuel at the desired rate. The
experimental protocol included transient recording of the tank and
filler tube pressures while video recording the flow patterns in the
filler tube and tank during the refueling process. This information
was used to determine the effect of changes in the vent tube
diameter, fuel-dispense flow rate and fuel Reid vapor pressure on the
pressure-time characteristics and the occurrence of premature fuel
filling shut-off and fuel spill-back. Pressure-time curves for the case
of normal shut-off demonstrated the classic, three-phase
characteristic noted in the literature. The variation of the maximum
values of tank dome and filler tube pressures are analyzed in relation
to the occurrence of premature shut-off.
Abstract: We present a method for the selection of students
in interdisciplinary studies based on the hybrid averaging
operator. We assume that the available information given in
the problem is uncertain so it is necessary to use interval
numbers. Therefore, we suggest a new type of hybrid
aggregation called uncertain induced generalized hybrid
averaging (UIGHA) operator. It is an aggregation operator
that considers the weighted average (WA) and the ordered
weighted averaging (OWA) operator in the same formulation.
Therefore, we are able to consider the degree of optimism of
the decision maker and grades of importance in the same
approach. By using interval numbers, we are able to represent
the information considering the best and worst possible results
so the decision maker gets a more complete view of the
decision problem. We develop an illustrative example of the
proposed scheme in the selection of students in
interdisciplinary studies. We see that with the use of the
UIGHA operator we get a more complete representation of the
selection problem. Then, the decision maker is able to
consider a wide range of alternatives depending on his
interests. We also show other potential applications that could
be used by using the UIGHA operator in educational problems
about selection of different types of resources such as
students, professors, etc.
Abstract: In this paper, an adaptive polarized Multiple-Input
Multiple-Output (MIMO) Multicarrier Spread Spectrum Code Division Multiple Access (MC-SS-CDMA) system is designed for downlink mobile communications. The proposed system will be
examined in Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) mode for both macro urban and suburban environments. For the same transmission
bandwidth, a performance comparison between both nonoverlapped and orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM) schemes will be presented. Also, the proposed system will be compared with
both the closed loop vertical MIMO MC-SS-CDMA system and the
synchronous vertical STBC-MIMO MC-SS-CDMA system. As will
be shown, the proposed system introduces a significant performance
gain as well as reducing the spatial dimensions of the MIMO system
and simplifying the receiver implementation. The effect of the
polarization diversity characteristics on the BER performance will be
discussed. Also, the impact of excluding the cross-polarization MCSS-
CDMA blocks in the base station will be investigated. In addition,
the system performance will be evaluated under different Feedback
Information (FBI) rates for slowly-varying channels. Finally, a
performance comparison for vehicular and pedestrian environments
will be presented
Abstract: In this paper a Pattern Recognition algorithm based on
a constrained version of the k-means clustering algorithm will be
presented. The proposed algorithm is a non parametric supervised
statistical pattern recognition algorithm, i.e. it works under very mild
assumptions on the dataset. The performance of the algorithm will
be tested, togheter with a feature extraction technique that captures
the information on the closed two-dimensional contour of an image,
on images of industrial mineral ores.
Abstract: Hospital staff and managers are under pressure and
concerned for effective use and management of scarce resources. The
hospital admissions require many decisions that have complex and
uncertain consequences for hospital resource utilization and patient
flow. It is challenging to predict risk of admissions and length of stay
of a patient due to their vague nature. There is no method to capture
the vague definition of admission of a patient. Also, current methods
and tools used to predict patients at risk of admission fail to deal with
uncertainty in unplanned admission, LOS, patients- characteristics.
The main objective of this paper is to deal with uncertainty in
health system variables, and handles uncertain relationship among
variables. An introduction of machine learning techniques along with
statistical methods like Regression methods can be a proposed
solution approach to handle uncertainty in health system variables. A
model that adapts fuzzy methods to handle uncertain data and
uncertain relationships can be an efficient solution to capture the
vague definition of admission of a patient.
Abstract: Strong law of large numbers and complete convergence for sequences of *-mixing random variables are investigated. In particular, Teicher-s strong law of large numbers for independent random variables are generalized to the case of *-mixing random sequences and extended to independent and identically distributed Marcinkiewicz Law of large numbers for *-mixing.
Abstract: This article deals with numerical simulation of the
floor heating convector in 3D. Numerical simulation is focused on
cooling mode of the floor heating convector. Geometrical model
represents section of the heat exchanger – two fins with the gap
between, pipes are not involved. Two types of fin are examined –
sinusoidal and angular shape with different fin spacing. Results of fin
spacing in case of constant Reynolds number are presented. For the
numerical simulation was used commercial software Ansys Fluent.
Abstract: Since Network-on-Chip (NoC) uses network
interfaces (NIs) to improve the design productivity, by now, there
have been a few papers addressing the design and implementation of a
NI module. However, none of them considered the difference of
address encoding methods between NoC and the traditional
bus-shared architecture. On the basis of this difference, in the paper,
we introduce a transmit mechanism to solve such a problem for global
asynchronous locally synchronous (GALS) NoC. Furthermore, we
give the concrete implementation of the NI module in this transmit
mechanism. Finally, we evaluate its performance and area overhead
by a VHDL-based cycle-accurate RTL model and simulation results
confirm the validity of this address-oriented transmit mechanism.
Abstract: This paper presents a new algorithm which yields a nonlinear state estimator called iterated unscented Kalman filter. This state estimator makes use of both statistical and analytical linearization techniques in different parts of the filtering process. It outperforms the other three nonlinear state estimators: unscented Kalman filter (UKF), extended Kalman filter (EKF) and iterated extended Kalman filter (IEKF) when there is severe nonlinearity in system equation and less nonlinearity in measurement equation. The algorithm performance has been verified by illustrating some simulation results.
Abstract: The story of Alibaba demonstrates a credible example of how a small start-up company can eventually make it big in the global economy through the Internet. This case study does not attempt to present Alibaba as a perfect formula; rather, it discusses the strategies carried out by the firm and, in the process, culls out the important lessons that can guide start-ups and aspiring entrepreneurs in the complex world of online trading. Similar to the interesting and exotic Asian cuisine that continuously evolves from the diversity of Asia-s people and their unique culture and personality, Alibaba has successfully transformed itself over the years, adapting to the changes in and demands of online businessto- business (B2B) commerce.
Abstract: High-velocity oxygen fuel (HVOF) thermal spraying
uses a combustion process to heat the gas flow and coating material.
A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model has been developed to
predict gas dynamic behavior in a HVOF thermal spray gun in which
premixed oxygen and propane are burnt in a combustion chamber
linked to a parallel-sided nozzle. The CFD analysis is applied to
investigate axisymmetric, steady-state, turbulent, compressible,
chemically reacting, subsonic and supersonic flow inside and outside
the gun. The gas velocity, temperature, pressure and Mach number
distributions are presented for various locations inside and outside
the gun. The calculated results show that the most sensitive
parameters affecting the process are fuel-to-oxygen gas ratio and
total gas flow rate. Gas dynamic behavior along the centerline of the
gun depends on both total gas flow rate and fuel-to-oxygen gas ratio.
The numerical simulations show that the axial gas velocity and Mach
number distribution depend on both flow rate and ratio; the highest
velocity is achieved at the higher flow rate and most fuel-rich ratio.
In addition, the results reported in this paper illustrate that the
numerical simulation can be one of the most powerful and beneficial
tools for the HVOF system design, optimization and performance
analysis.
Abstract: During the past several years, face recognition in video
has received significant attention. Not only the wide range of
commercial and law enforcement applications, but also the availability
of feasible technologies after several decades of research contributes
to the trend. Although current face recognition systems have reached a
certain level of maturity, their development is still limited by the
conditions brought about by many real applications. For example,
recognition images of video sequence acquired in an open
environment with changes in illumination and/or pose and/or facial
occlusion and/or low resolution of acquired image remains a largely
unsolved problem. In other words, current algorithms are yet to be
developed. This paper provides an up-to-date survey of video-based
face recognition research. To present a comprehensive survey, we
categorize existing video based recognition approaches and present
detailed descriptions of representative methods within each category.
In addition, relevant topics such as real time detection, real time
tracking for video, issues such as illumination, pose, 3D and low
resolution are covered.
Abstract: Machine Translation (MT) between the Thai and English languages has been a challenging research topic in natural language processing. Most research has been done on English to Thai machine translation, but not the other way around. This paper presents a Thai to English Machine Translation System that translates a Thai sentence into interlingua of a Thai LFG tree using LFG grammar and a bottom up parser. The Thai LFG tree is then transformed into the corresponding English LFG tree by pattern matching and node transformation. Finally, an equivalent English sentence is created using structural information prescribed by the English LFG tree. Based on results of experiments designed to evaluate the performance of the proposed system, it can be stated that the system has been proven to be effective in providing a useful translation from Thai to English.