Abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect
of combining Real Experimentation (RE) With Virtual
Experimentation (VE) on students- conceptual understanding of
photo electric effect. To achieve this, a pre–post comparison study
design was used that involved 46 undergraduate students. Two
groups were set up for this study. Participants in the control group
used RE to learn photo electric effect, whereas, participants in the
experimental group used RE in the first part of the curriculum and
VE in another part. Achievement test was given to the groups
before and after the application as pre-test and post test. The
independent samples t- test, one way Anova and Tukey HSD test
were used for testing the data obtained from the study.
According to the results of analyzes, the experimental group
was found more successful than the control group.
Abstract: In conventional reliability assessment, the reliability data of system components are treated as crisp values. The collected data have some uncertainties due to errors by human beings/machines or any other sources. These uncertainty factors will limit the understanding of system component failure due to the reason of incomplete data. In these situations, we need to generalize classical methods to fuzzy environment for studying and analyzing the systems of interest. Fuzzy set theory has been proposed to handle such vagueness by generalizing the notion of membership in a set. Essentially, in a Fuzzy Set (FS) each element is associated with a point-value selected from the unit interval [0, 1], which is termed as the grade of membership in the set. A Vague Set (VS), as well as an Intuitionistic Fuzzy Set (IFS), is a further generalization of an FS. Instead of using point-based membership as in FS, interval-based membership is used in VS. The interval-based membership in VS is more expressive in capturing vagueness of data. In the present paper, vague set theory coupled with conventional Lambda-Tau method is presented for reliability analysis of repairable systems. The methodology uses Petri nets (PN) to model the system instead of fault tree because it allows efficient simultaneous generation of minimal cuts and path sets. The presented method is illustrated with the press unit of the paper mill.
Abstract: This study developed a high efficient and combined
biological and chemical filter treatment process. This process used
PAC (Powder Activated Carbon), Alum and attached growth
treatment process. The system removals of total nitrogen and total
phosphorus ratio of two were as high as 70% and 73%, moreover, the
effluent water was suitable to urban and agricultural water. Also the
advantages of this process are not only occupies small place but is
simple, economic and easy operating. Besides, our developed process
can keep stable process efficiency even in relative low load level.
Therefore, this study judges that use of the high efficient and
combined biological and chemical filter treatment process, it is
expected that the effluent water in this system can be reused as urban
and agricultural water.
Abstract: The purpose of this research is to compare the original
intra-oral digital dental radiograph images with images that are
enhanced using a combination of image processing algorithms. Intraoral
digital dental radiograph images are often noisy, blur edges and
low in contrast. A combination of sharpening and enhancement
method are used to overcome these problems. Three types of
proposed compound algorithms used are Sharp Adaptive Histogram
Equalization (SAHE), Sharp Median Adaptive Histogram
Equalization (SMAHE) and Sharp Contrast adaptive histogram
equalization (SCLAHE). This paper presents an initial study of the
perception of six dentists on the details of abnormal pathologies and
improvement of image quality in ten intra-oral radiographs. The
research focus on the detection of only three types of pathology
which is periapical radiolucency, widen periodontal ligament space
and loss of lamina dura. The overall result shows that SCLAHE-s
slightly improve the appearance of dental abnormalities- over the
original image and also outperform the other two proposed
compound algorithms.
Abstract: The aim of this paper is to develop a new two dimensional time accurate Euler solver for shock tube applications. The solver was developed to study the performance of a newly built short-duration hypersonic test facility at Universiti Tenaga Nasional “UNITEN" in Malaysia. The facility has been designed, built, and commissioned for different values of diaphragm pressure ratios in order to get wide range of Mach number. The developed solver uses second order accurate cell-vertex finite volume spatial discretization and forth order accurate Runge-Kutta temporal integration and it is designed to simulate the flow process for similar driver/driven gases (e.g. air-air as working fluids). The solver is validated against analytical solution and experimental measurements in the high speed flow test facility. Further investigations were made on the flow process inside the shock tube by using the solver. The shock wave motion, reflection and interaction were investigated and their influence on the performance of the shock tube was determined. The results provide very good estimates for both shock speed and shock pressure obtained after diaphragm rupture. Also detailed information on the gasdynamic processes over the full length of the facility is available. The agreements obtained have been reasonable.
Abstract: The general global behavior of particle S a non-linear (Q - xy)2 potential cannot be revealed a Poincare surface of section method (PSS) because inost trajectories take practically infinitely long time to integrate numerically before they come back to the surface. In this study as an alternative to PSS, a multiple scale perturbation is applied to analyze global adiabatic, non-adiabatic and chaotic behavior of particles in this potential. It was found that the results can be summarized as a form of a Fermi-like map. Additionally, this method gives a variation of global stochasticity criteria with Q.
Abstract: This paper presents the experimental results on effect of applied voltage stress frequency to the occurrence of electrical treeing in 22 kV cross linked polyethylene (XLPE) insulated cable.Hallow disk of XLPE insulating material with thickness 5 mm taken from unused high voltage cable was used as the specimen in this study. Stainless steel needle was inserted gradually into the specimen to give a tip to earth plane electrode separation of 2.50.2 mm at elevated temperature 105-110°C. The specimen was then annealed for 5 minute to minimize any mechanical stress build up around the needle-plane region before it was cooled down to room temperature. Each specimen were subjected to the same applied voltage stress level at 8 kV AC rms, with various frequency, 50, 100, 500, 1000 and 2000 Hz. Initiation time, propagation speed and pattern of electrical treeing were examined in order to study the effect of applied voltage stress frequency. By the experimental results, initial time of visible treeing decreases with increasing in applied voltage frequency. Also, obviously, propagation speed of electrical treeing increases with increasing in applied voltage frequency.Furthermore, two types of electrical treeing, bush-like and branch-like treeing were observed.The experimental results confirmed the effect of voltage stress frequency as well.
Abstract: In this paper, one-dimensional analysis of flow in a
single-stage gas gun is conducted. The compressible inviscid flow
equations are numerically solved by the second-order Roe TVD
method, by using moving boundaries. For investigation of real gas
effect the Noble-Able equation is applied. The numerical results are
compared with the experimental data to validate the numerical
scheme. The results show that with using the Noble-Able equation,
the muzzle velocity decreases.
Abstract: Unlike Christianity and Buddhism, Islam, being one
of the three universal world religions, actively penetrates into
people-s everyday life. The main reason for this is that in Islam the
religion and ideology, philosophy, religious organizations and state
bodies are closely interrelated. In order to analyze the state of being
of interrelations of religion and civil society in Kazakhstan, it is
necessary to study Islam and its relations with spiritual culture of the
society. According to the Constitution of the Republic of Kazakhstan
the religion is separated from the state, i.e. each performs its own
function without interfering into each other-s affairs. The right of the
citizens of our republic to freedom of thinking and faith is based on
the Constitution of the RK, Civil Code, Law “On freedom of faith
and religious unions in the Republic of Kazakhstan".
Legislatively secured separation of the mosque and church from
the state does not mean that religion has no influence on the latter.
The state, consisting of citizens with their own beliefs, including
religious ones, cannot be isolated from the influence of religion.
Nowadays it is commonly accepted that it is not possible to
understand and forecast key social processes without taking into
account the religious factor.
Abstract: Present communication deals with general
distribution and diversification of Monogenean families parasitizing
different freshwater fish families of India. Levels of monogenean
parasitism and their diversity are significantly greater in Indian fishes.
The most monogeneans parasitized family of fish is Cyprinidae and
most dactylogyrids parasitise cyprinids. The family dactylogyridae
has more species than any other monogenean family and frequently
associated with cyprinid, silurids and bagrids families. Of the various
52 families of freshwater fishes from India, only the Anguillidae,
Balitoridae, Chacidae, Chanidae, Channidae, Cobitidae, Coiidae,
Erethistidae, Megalopidae, Pristidae, Psilorhynchidae, Salmonidae,
Schileidae, Sparidae, Synodontidae and Terapontidae were found to
be free of infection with monogeneans. The present study takes a
broad look at monogenean diversity in the freshwater fishes of India.
Abstract: Solar energy has a major role in renewable energy
resources. Solar Cell as a basement of solar system has attracted lots
of research. To conduct a study about solar energy system, an
authenticated model is required. Diode base PV models are widely
used by researchers. These models are classified based on the number
of diodes used in them. Single and two-diode models are well
studied. Single-diode models may have two, three or four elements.
In this study, these solar cell models are examined and the simulation
results are compared to each other. All PV models are re-designed in
the Matlab/Simulink software and they examined by certain test
conditions and parameters. This paper provides comparative studies
of these models and it tries to compare the simulation results with
manufacturer-s data sheet to investigate model validity and accuracy.
The results show a four- element single-diode model is accurate and
has moderate complexity in contrast to the two-diode model with
higher complexity and accuracy
Abstract: Educational institutions increasingly adopt the
students-as-customers concept to satisfy their students.
Understanding students- perspectives on the use of this business
concept in educational institutions is necessary for the institutions to
effectively align these perspectives with their management practice.
The study investigates whether students in technology and business
disciplines have significantly different attitudes toward using the
students-as-customers concept in educational institutions and
explores the impact of treating students as customers in technology
disciplines under students- perspectives. The results from
quantitative and qualitative data analyses show that technology
students, in contrast to business students, fairly disagree with
educational institutions to treat students as customers. Treating
students as customers in technology disciplines will have a negative
influence on teaching performance, instructor-student relationships
and educational institutions- aim, but a positive influence on service
quality in educational institutions. The paper discusses the findings
and concludes with implications and limitations of the study.
Abstract: A theoretical study of the rigidities of slabs with
circular voids oriented in the longitudinal and in the transverse
direction is discussed. Equations are presented for predicting the
bending and torsional rigidities of the voided slabs. This paper
summarizes the results of an extensive literature search and initial
review of the current methods of analyzing voided slab. The various
methods of calculating the equivalent plate parameters, which are
necessary for two-dimensional analysis, are also reviewed. Static
deflections on voided slabs are shown to be in good agreement with
proposed equation.
Abstract: The main objectives of this study are to inspect and
identify any damage of jaimusi highway prestressed concrete bridge
after repair and strengthening of damaged structural members and to
evaluate the performance of the bridge structural members by
adopting static load test. Inspection program after repair and
strengthening includes identifying and evaluating the structural
members of bridge such as T-shape cantilever structure, hanging
beams, corbels, external tendons, anchor beams, sticking steel plate,
and piers. The results of inspection show that the overall state of the
bridge structural member after repair and strengthening is good. The
results of rebound test of concrete strength show that the average
strength of concrete is 46.31Mpa. Whereas, the average value of
concrete strength of anchor beam is 49.82Mpa. According to the
results of static load test, the experimental values are less than
theoretical values of internal forces, deflection, and strain, indicating
that the stiffness of the experimental structure, overall deformation
and integrity satisfy the designed standard and the working
performance is good, and the undertaking capacity has a certain
surplus. There is not visible change in the length and width of cracks
and there are not new cracks under experimental load.
Abstract: In this paper, we propose to study the synthesis of the
vertical dipole antenna over imperfect ground. The synthesis
implementation-s method for this type of antenna permits to
approach the appropriated radiance-s diagram. The used approach is
based on neural network. Our main contribution in this paper is the
extension of a synthesis model of this vertical dipole antenna over
imperfect ground.
Abstract: Using finite element method (FEM), the elastic
new strain-concentration factor (SNCF) of cylindrical bars
with circumferential flat-bottom groove is studied. This new
SNCF has been defined under triaxial stress state. The
employed specimens have constant groove depth with net
section and gross diameters of 10.0 and 16.7 mm,
respectively. The length of flatness ao has been varied form
0.0 ~12.5 mm to study the elastic SNCF of this type of
geometrical irregularities. The results that the elastic new
SNCF rapidly drops from its elastic value of the groove with
ao = 0.0, i.e. circumferential U-notch, and reaches minimum
value at ao = 2 mm. After that the elastic new SNCF becomes
nearly constant with increasing flatness length (ao). The value
of tensile load at yielding at the groove root increases with
increasing ao. The current results show that severity of the
notch decreases with increasing flatness length ao.
Abstract: The gamma radiation in samples of a variety of
natural tiling rocks (granites) produced and imported in Iran use in
the building industry was measured, employing high-resolution
Gamma-ray spectroscopy. The rock samples were pulverized, sealed
in 0.5 liter plastic Marinelli beakers, and measured in the laboratory
with an accumulating time between 50000 and 80000 second each.
From the measured Gamma-ray spectra, activity concentrations were
determined for 232Th (range from 6.5 to 172.2 Bq kg-1), 238U (from
7.5 to 178.1 Bq kg-1 ),226Ra( from 3.8 to 94.2 Bq kg-1 ) 40K (from
556.9 to 1539.2 Bq kg-1). From the 29 samples measured in this
study, “Nehbndan ( Berjand )" appears to present the highest
concentrations for 232Th,“Big Red Flower (China) "for 238U , “
Khoram dareh" for 226 Ra and “ Peranshahr" for 40K , respectively.
Abstract: Environment today is featured with aging population,
increasing prevalence of chronic disease and complex of medical
treatment. Safe use of pharmaceutics relied very much on the efforts
made by both the health- related organizations and as well as the
government agencies. As far as the specialization concern in providing
health services to the patients, the government actively issued and
implemented the divisions of medical treatment and pharmaceutical to
improve the quality of care and to reduce medication errors and ensure
public health. Pharmaceutical sub-sector policy has been implemented
for 13 years. This study attempts to explore the factors that affect the
patients- behavior intention of refilling a prescription from a NHIB
pharmacy. Samples were those patients refilling their prescriptions
with the case NHIB pharmacies. A self-administered questionnaire
was used to collect respondents- information while the patients or
family members visit the pharmacy for the refilling. 1,200
questionnaires were dispatched in 37 pharmacies that randomly
selected from Pingtung City, Dongkang, Chaozhou, Hengchun areas.
732 responses were gained with 604 valid samples for further analyses.
Results of data analyses indicated that respondents- attitude,
subjective norm, perceived behavior control and behavior intentions
toward refilling behavior varied from some demographic variables to
another. This research also suggested adding actual behavior, either by
a self-report or observed, into the research.
Abstract: The protein domain structure has been widely used as the most informative sequence feature to computationally predict protein-protein interactions. However, in a recent study, a research group has reported a very high accuracy of 94% using hydrophobicity feature. Therefore, in this study we compare and verify the usefulness of protein domain structure and hydrophobicity properties as the sequence features. Using the Support Vector Machines (SVM) as the learning system, our results indicate that both features achieved accuracy of nearly 80%. Furthermore, domains structure had receiver operating characteristic (ROC) score of 0.8480 with running time of 34 seconds, while hydrophobicity had ROC score of 0.8159 with running time of 20,571 seconds (5.7 hours). These results indicate that protein-protein interaction can be predicted from domain structure with reliable accuracy and acceptable running time.
Abstract: Model Predictive Control (MPC) is an established control
technique in a wide range of process industries. The reason for
this success is its ability to handle multivariable systems and systems
having input, output or state constraints. Neverthless comparing to
PID controller, the implementation of the MPC in miniaturized
devices like Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA) and microcontrollers
has historically been very small scale due to its complexity in
implementation and its computation time requirement. At the same
time, such embedded technologies have become an enabler for future
manufacturing enterprisers as well as a transformer of organizations
and markets. In this work, we take advantage of these recent advances
in this area in the deployment of one of the most studied and applied
control technique in the industrial engineering. In this paper, we
propose an efficient firmware for the implementation of constrained
MPC in the performed STM32 microcontroller using interior point
method. Indeed, performances study shows good execution speed
and low computational burden. These results encourage to develop
predictive control algorithms to be programmed in industrial standard
processes. The PID anti windup controller was also implemented in
the STM32 in order to make a performance comparison with the
MPC. The main features of the proposed constrained MPC framework
are illustrated through two examples.