Abstract: We decribe a formal specification and verification of the Rabin public-key scheme in the formal proof system Is-abelle/HOL. The idea is to use the two views of cryptographic verification: the computational approach relying on the vocabulary of probability theory and complexity theory and the formal approach based on ideas and techniques from logic and programming languages. The analysis presented uses a given database to prove formal properties of our implemented functions with computer support. Thema in task in designing a practical formalization of correctness as well as security properties is to cope with the complexity of cryptographic proving. We reduce this complexity by exploring a light-weight formalization that enables both appropriate formal definitions as well as eficient formal proofs. This yields the first computer-proved implementation of the Rabin public-key scheme in Isabelle/HOL. Consequently, we get reliable proofs with a minimal error rate augmenting the used database. This provides a formal basis for more computer proof constructions in this area.
Abstract: Diagnostic and detection of the arterial stiffness is
very important; which gives indication of the associated increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. To make a cheap and easy method for general screening technique to avoid the future cardiovascular
complexes , due to the rising of the arterial stiffness ; a proposed algorithm depending on photoplethysmogram to be used. The
photoplethysmograph signals would be processed in MATLAB. The
signal will be filtered, baseline wandering removed, peaks and
valleys detected and normalization of the signals should be achieved
.The area under the catacrotic phase of the photoplethysmogram
pulse curve is calculated using trapezoidal algorithm ; then will used
in cooperation with other parameters such as age, height, blood
pressure in neural network for arterial stiffness detection. The Neural
network were implemented with sensitivity of 80%, accuracy 85%
and specificity of 90% were got from the patients data. It is
concluded that neural network can detect the arterial STIFFNESS
depending on risk factor parameters.
Abstract: Land with low pH soil spread widely in Indonesia
can be used for soybean (Glycine max) cultivation, however the
production is low. The use of acid tolerant soybean and acidaluminium
tolerant nitrogen-fixing bacteria formula was an
alternative way to increase soybean productivity on acid soils.
Bradyrhizobium japonicum is one of the nitrogen fixing bacteria
which can symbiose with soybean plants through root nodule
formation. Most of the nitrogen source required by soybean plants
can be provided by this symbiosis. This research was conducted to
study the influence of acid-aluminium tolerant B. japonicum strain
BJ 11 formula using peat as carrier on growth of Tanggamus and
Anjasmoro cultivar soybean planted on acid soil fields (pH 5.0-
5.5). The results showed that the inoculant was able to increase the
growth and production of soybean which were grown on fields acid
soil at Sukadana (Lampung) and Tanah Laut (South Kalimantan),
Indonesia.
Abstract: A novel and efficient approach to realize
fractional-order capacitors is investigated in this paper. Meanwhile, a
new approach which is more efficient for semiconductor
implementation of fractional-order capacitors is proposed. The
feasibility of the approach has been verified with the preliminary
measured results.
Abstract: The dynamic speckle or biospeckle is an interference
phenomenon generated at the reflection of a coherent light by an
active surface or even by a particulate or living body surface. The
above mentioned phenomenon gave scientific support to a method
named biospeckle which has been employed to study seed viability,
biological activity, tissue senescence, tissue water content, fruit
bruising, etc. Since the above mentioned method is not invasive and
yields numerical values, it can be considered for possible automation
associated to several processes, including selection and sorting.
Based on these preliminary considerations, this research work
proposed to study the interaction of a laser beam with vegetative
samples by measuring the incident light intensity and the transmitted
light beam intensity at several vegetative slabs of varying thickness.
Tests were carried on fifteen slices of apple tissue divided into three
thickness groups, i.e., 4 mm, 5 mm, 18 mm and 22 mm. A diode laser
beam of 10mW and 632 nm wavelength and a Samsung digital
camera were employed to carry the tests. Outgoing images were
analyzed by comparing the gray gradient of a fixed image column of
each image to obtain a laser penetration scale into the tissue,
according to the slice thickness.
Abstract: The myoelectric signal (MES) is one of the Biosignals
utilized in helping humans to control equipments. Recent approaches
in MES classification to control prosthetic devices employing pattern
recognition techniques revealed two problems, first, the classification
performance of the system starts degrading when the number of
motion classes to be classified increases, second, in order to solve the
first problem, additional complicated methods were utilized which
increase the computational cost of a multifunction myoelectric
control system. In an effort to solve these problems and to achieve a
feasible design for real time implementation with high overall
accuracy, this paper presents a new method for feature extraction in
MES recognition systems. The method works by extracting features
using Wavelet Packet Transform (WPT) applied on the MES from
multiple channels, and then employs Fuzzy c-means (FCM)
algorithm to generate a measure that judges on features suitability for
classification. Finally, Principle Component Analysis (PCA) is
utilized to reduce the size of the data before computing the
classification accuracy with a multilayer perceptron neural network.
The proposed system produces powerful classification results (99%
accuracy) by using only a small portion of the original feature set.
Abstract: As a result of traffic congestion caused by sightseeing
and shuttle buses using park-and-ride parking lot near sightseeing spot,
the waiting time for tourist increases. In this paper, when bus parking
lot near sightseeing spot are overcrowded and full, a model for tourists
getting off a bus on a congested road and transfer to the sightseeing
spot by foot is proposed and verified. A model of getting off a bus on a
congested road when the sightseeing parking lot is overcrowded was
considered by the case analysis. As a result, effectiveness of the model
of getting off a bus on a congested road could be quantitatively
verified for times when parking capacity is exceeded and the bus
parking lot next to the sightseeing spot is overcrowded.
Abstract: Nano-MgO was successfully deposited on titania using deposition-precipitation method. The catalyst produced was characterised using FTIR, XRD, BET and XRF and its activity was tested on the transesterification reaction of soybean oil to biodiesel. The catalyst activity improved when the reaction temperature was increasedfrom 150 and 225 OC. It was also observed that increasing the reaction time above 1h had no significant benefit on conversion. The stability fixed MgO on TiO2 was investigated using XRF and ICP-OES. It was observed that MgO loss during the reaction was between 0.5-2.3 percent and that there was no correlation between the reaction temperature and the MgO loss.
Abstract: The determination of sugars in foods is very
significant. Their relation in fact, can affect the chemical and
sensorial quality of the matrix (e.g., sweetness, pH, total acidity,
microbial stability, global acceptability) and can provide information
on food to optimize several selected technological processes. Three
stages of ripeness (green, yellow and red) of tomatoes (Lycopersicon
Esculentum cv. Elegance) at different harvest dates were evaluated.
Fruit from all harvests were exposed to different of ozone doses
(0.25, 0.50 and 1 mg O3/g tomatoes) and clean air for 5 day at 15
°C±2 and 90-95 % relative humidity. Then, fruits were submitted for
extraction and analysis after a day from the finish of exposure of each
stage. The concentrations of the glucose and fructose increased in the
tomatoes which were subjected to ozone treatments.
Abstract: This study1 holds for the formation of international financial crisis and political factors for economic crisis in Turkey, are evaluated in chronological order. The international arena and relevant studies conducted in Turkey work in the literature are assessed. The main purpose of the study is to hold the linkage between the crises and political stability in Turkey in details, and to examine the position of Turkey in this regard. The introduction part follows the literature survey on the models explaining causes and results of the crises, the second part of the study. In the third part, the formations of the world financial crises are studied. The fourth part, financial crisis in Turkey in 1994, 2000, 2001 and 2008 are reviewed and their political reasons are analyzed. In the last part of the study the results and recommendations are held. Political administrations have laid the grounds for an economic crisis in Turkey. In this study, the emergence of an economic crisis in Turkey and the developments after the crisis are chronologically examined and an explanation is offered as to the cause and effect relationship between the political administration and economic equilibrium in the country. Economic crises can be characterized as follows: high prices of consumables, high interest rates, current account deficits, budget deficits, structural defects in government finance, rising inflation and fixed currency applications, rising government debt, declining savings rates and increased dependency on foreign capital stock. Entering into the conditions of crisis during a time when the exchange value of the country-s national currency was rising, speculative finance movements and shrinking of foreign currency reserves happened due to expectations for devaluation and because of foreign investors- resistance to financing national debt, and a financial risk occurs. During the February 2001 crisis and immediately following, devaluation and reduction of value occurred in Turkey-s stock market. While changing over to the system of floating exchange rates in the midst of this crisis, the effects of the crisis on the real economy are discussed in this study. Administered politics include financial reforms, such as the rearrangement of banking systems. These reforms followed with the provision of foreign financial support. There have been winners and losers in the imbalance of income distribution, which has recently become more evident in Turkey-s fragile economy.
Abstract: To make use of the limited amounts of water in arid
region, the Iranians developed man-made underground water
channels called qanats (kanats) .In fact, qanats may be considered as
the first long-distance water transfer system. Qanats are an ancient
water transfer system found in arid regions wherein groundwater
from mountainous areas, aquifers and sometimes from rivers, was
brought to points of re-emergence such as an oasis, through one or
more underground tunnels. The tunnels, many of which were
kilometers in length, had designed for slopes to provide gravitational
flow. The tunnels allowed water to drain out to the surface by gravity
to supply water to lower and flatter agricultural land.
Qanats have been an ancient, sustainable system facilitating the
harvesting of water for centuries in Iran, and more than 35 additional
countries of the world such as India, Arabia, Egypt, North Africa,
Spain and even to New world.
There are about 22000 qanats in Iran with 274000 kilometers of
underground conduits all built by manual labor. The amount of
water of the usable qanats of Iran produce is altogether 750 to
1000 cubic meter per second. The longest chain of qanat is
situated in Gonabad region in Khorasan province. It is 70
kilometers long. Qanats are renewable water supply systems that
have sustained agricultural settlement on the Iranian plateau for
millennia. The great advantages of Qanats are no evaporation
during transit, little seepage , no raising of the water- table and no
pollution in the area surrounding the conduits. Qanat systems
have a profound influence on the lives of the water users in Iran, and
conform to Iran-s climate. Qanat allows those living in a desert
environment adjacent to a mountain watershed to create a large oasis
in an otherwise stark environment.
This paper explains qanats structure designs, their history,
objectives causing their creation, construction materials, locations
and their importance in different times, as well as their present
sustainable role in Iran.
Abstract: The use of statistical data and of the neural networks, capable of elaborate a series of data and territorial info, have allowed the making of a model useful in the subdivision of urban places into homogeneous zone under the profile of a social, real estate, environmental and urbanist background of a city. The development of homogeneous zone has fiscal and urbanist advantages. The tools in the model proposed, able to be adapted to the dynamic changes of the city, allow the application of the zoning fast and dynamic.
Abstract: Heavy rains are one of the features of arid and semi
arid climates which result in flood. This kind of rainfall originates
from environmental and synoptic conditions. Mediterranean cyclones
are the major factor in heavy rainfall in Iran, but these cyclones do
not happen in some parts of Iran such as Southern and Southeastern
areas. In this study, it has been tried to pinpoint the synoptic reasons
of heavy rainfall in Isfahan through the analysis of the relationship
between this rainfall in Isfahan and atmospheric system over Iran and
the areas around it. The findings of this study show that the major
factor have is the arrival of Sudanese low pressure system in this
region from the southwest, of course if the ascent local conditions
such as heat occur, the heaviest rains happen in Isfahan. In fact this
kind of rainfall in Isfahan has a Sudanese origin and if it is
accompanied by Mediterranean system, heavier rain falls.
Abstract: Cooperative visual modeling is more and more
necessary in our complicated world. A collaborative environment
which supports interactive operation and communication is required
to increase work efficiency. We present a collaborative visual
modeling framework which collaborative platform could be built on.
On this platform, cooperation and communication is available for
designers from different regions. This framework, which is different
from other collaborative frameworks, contains a uniform message
format, a message handling mechanism and other functions such as
message pretreatment and Role-Communication-Token Access
Control (RCTAC). We also show our implementation of this
framework called Orchestra Designer, which support BPLE
workflow modeling cooperatively online.
Abstract: In this paper we present a full performance analysis of an energy conserving routing protocol in mobile ad hoc network, named ER-AODV (Energy Reverse Ad-hoc On-demand Distance Vector routing). ER-AODV is a reactive routing protocol based on a policy which combines two mechanisms used in the basic AODV protocol. AODV and most of the on demand ad hoc routing protocols use single route reply along reverse path. Rapid change of topology causes that the route reply could not arrive to the source node, i.e. after a source node sends several route request messages, the node obtains a reply message, and this increases in power consumption. To avoid these problems, we propose a mechanism which tries multiple route replies. The second mechanism proposes a new adaptive approach which seeks to incorporate the metric "residual energy " in the process route selection, Indeed the residual energy of mobile nodes were considered when making routing decisions. The results of simulation show that protocol ER-AODV answers a better energy conservation.
Abstract: Recent communications environment significantly
expands the mobile environment. The popularization of smartphones
with various mobile services has emerged, and smartphone users are
rapidly increasing. Because of these symptoms, existing wired
environment in a variety of mobile traffic entering to mobile network
has threatened the stability of the mobile network. Unlike traditional
wired infrastructure, mobile networks has limited radio resources and
signaling procedures for complex radio resource management. So
these traffic is not a problem in wired networks but mobile networks, it
can be a threat. In this paper, we analyze the security threats in mobile
networks and provide direction to solve it.
Abstract: Displacement measurement was conducted on compact normal and shear specimens made of acrylic homogeneous material subjected to mixed-mode loading by digital image correlation. The intelligent hybrid method proposed by Nishioka et al. was applied to the stress-strain analysis near the crack tip. The accuracy of stress-intensity factor at the free surface was discussed from the viewpoint of both the experiment and 3-D finite element analysis. The surface images before and after deformation were taken by a CMOS camera, and we developed the system which enabled the real time stress analysis based on digital image correlation and inverse problem analysis. The great portion of processing time of this system was spent on displacement analysis. Then, we tried improvement in speed of this portion. In the case of cracked body, it is also possible to evaluate fracture mechanics parameters such as the J integral, the strain energy release rate, and the stress-intensity factor of mixed-mode. The 9-points elliptic paraboloid approximation could not analyze the displacement of submicron order with high accuracy. The analysis accuracy of displacement was improved considerably by introducing the Newton-Raphson method in consideration of deformation of a subset. The stress-intensity factor was evaluated with high accuracy of less than 1% of the error.
Abstract: This paper proposes a new version of the Particle
Swarm Optimization (PSO) namely, Modified PSO (MPSO) for
model order formulation of Single Input Single Output (SISO) linear
time invariant continuous systems. In the General PSO, the
movement of a particle is governed by three behaviors namely
inertia, cognitive and social. The cognitive behavior helps the
particle to remember its previous visited best position. In Modified
PSO technique split the cognitive behavior into two sections like
previous visited best position and also previous visited worst
position. This modification helps the particle to search the target very
effectively. MPSO approach is proposed to formulate the higher
order model. The method based on the minimization of error
between the transient responses of original higher order model and
the reduced order model pertaining to the unit step input. The results
obtained are compared with the earlier techniques utilized, to validate
its ease of computation. The proposed method is illustrated through
numerical example from literature.
Abstract: In recent years, global warming has become a
worldwide problem. The reduction of carbon dioxide emissions is a
top priority for many companies in the manufacturing industry. In the
automobile industry as well, the reduction of carbon dioxide emissions
is one of the most important issues. Technology to reduce the weight
of automotive parts improves the fuel economy of automobiles, and is
an important technology for reducing carbon dioxide. Also, even if
this weight reduction technology is applied to electric automobiles
rather than gasoline automobiles, reducing energy consumption
remains an important issue. Plastic processing of hollow pipes is one
important technology for realizing the weight reduction of automotive
parts. Ohashi et al. [1],[2] present an example of research on pipe
formation in which a process was carried out to enlarge a pipe
diameter using a lost core, achieving the suppression of wall thickness
reduction and greater pipe expansion than hydroforming.
In this study, we investigated a method to increase the wall
thickness of a pipe through pipe compression using planetary rolls.
The establishment of a technology whereby the wall thickness of a
pipe can be controlled without buckling the pipe is an important
technology for the weight reduction of products. Using the finite
element analysis method, we predicted that it would be possible to
increase the compression of an aluminum pipe with a 3mm wall
thickness by approximately 20%, and wall thickness by approximately
20% by pressing the hollow pipe with planetary rolls.
Abstract: Estimation of stature is an important step in developing a biological profile for human identification. It may provide a valuable indicator for unknown individual in a population. The aim of this study was to analyses the relationship between stature and lower limb dimensions in the Malaysian population. The sample comprised 100 corpses, which included 69 males and 31 females between age ranges of 20 to 90 years old. The parameters measured were stature, thigh length, lower leg length, leg length, foot length, foot height and foot breadth. Results showed that mean values in males were significantly higher than those in females (P < 0.05). There were significant correlations between lower limb dimensions and stature. Cross-validation of the equation on 100 individuals showed close approximation between known stature and estimated stature. It was concluded that lower limb dimensions were useful for estimation of stature, which should be validated in future studies.