Abstract: Cardiovascular diseases, principally atherosclerosis, are responsible for 30% of world deaths. Atherosclerosis is due to the formation of plaque. The fatty plaque may be at risk of rupture, leading typically to stroke and heart attack. The plaque is usually associated with a high degree of lumen reduction, called a stenosis.It is increasingly recognized that the initiation and progression of disease and the occurrence of clinical events is a complex interplay between the local biomechanical environment and the local vascular biology. The aim of this study is to investigate the flow behavior through a stenosed artery. A physical experiment was performed using an artery model and blood analogue fluid. An axisymmetric model constructed consists of contraction and expansion region that follow a mathematical form of cosine function. A 30% diameter reduction was used in this study. The flow field was measured using particle image velocimetry (PIV). Spherical particles with 20μm diameter were seeded in a water-glycerol-NaCl mixture. Steady flow Reynolds numbers are 250. The area of interest is the region after the stenosis where the flow separation occurs. The velocity field was measured and the velocity gradient was investigated. There was high particle concentration in the recirculation zone. High velocity gradient formed immediately after the stenosis throat created a lift force that enhanced particle migration to the flow separation area.
Abstract: This paper investigates the effect of product substitution in the single-period 'newsboy-type' problem in a fuzzy environment. It is supposed that the single-period problem operates under uncertainty in customer demand, which is described by imprecise terms and modelled by fuzzy sets. To perform this analysis, we consider the fuzzy model for two-item with upward substitution. This upward substitutability is reasonable when the products can be stored according to certain attribute levels such as quality, brand or package size. We show that the explicit consideration of this substitution opportunity increase the average expected profit. Computational study is performed to observe the benefits of product's substitution.
Abstract: In this paper, determining the optimal proportionalintegral-
derivative (PID) controller gains of an single-area load
frequency control (LFC) system using genetic algorithm (GA) is
presented. The LFC is notoriously difficult to control optimally using
conventionally tuning a PID controller because the system parameters
are constantly changing. It is for this reason the GA as tuning strategy
was applied. The simulation has been conducted in MATLAB
Simulink package for single area power system. the simulation results
shows the effectiveness performance of under various disturbance.
Abstract: In this paper, a new approach for quality assessment
tasks in lossy compressed digital video is proposed. The research
activity is based on the visual fixation data recorded by an eye
tracker. The method involved both a new paradigm for subjective
quality evaluation and the subsequent statistical analysis to match
subjective scores provided by the observer to the data obtained from
the eye tracker experiments. The study brings improvements to the
state of the art, as it solves some problems highlighted in literature.
The experiments prove that data obtained from an eye tracker can be
used to classify videos according to the level of impairment due to
compression. The paper presents the methodology, the experimental
results and their interpretation. Conclusions suggest that the eye
tracker can be useful in quality assessment, if data are collected and
analyzed in a proper way.
Abstract: In this paper, a neural network tuned fuzzy controller
is proposed for controlling Multi-Input Multi-Output (MIMO)
systems. For the convenience of analysis, the structure of MIMO
fuzzy controller is divided into single input single-output (SISO)
controllers for controlling each degree of freedom. Secondly,
according to the characteristics of the system-s dynamics coupling, an
appropriate coupling fuzzy controller is incorporated to improve the
performance. The simulation analysis on a two-level mass–spring
MIMO vibration system is carried out and results show the
effectiveness of the proposed fuzzy controller. The performance
though improved, the computational time and memory used is
comparatively higher, because it has four fuzzy reasoning blocks and
number may increase in case of other MIMO system. Then a fuzzy
neural network is designed from a set of input-output training data to
reduce the computing burden during implementation. This control
strategy can not only simplify the implementation problem of fuzzy
control, but also reduce computational time and consume less
memory.
Abstract: In the closed quantum system, if the control system is
strongly regular and all other eigenstates are directly coupled to the
target state, the control system can be asymptotically stabilized at the
target eigenstate by the Lyapunov control based on the state error.
However, if the control system is not strongly regular or as long as
there is one eigenstate not directly coupled to the target state, the
situations will become complicated. In this paper, we propose an
implicit Lyapunov control method based on the state error to solve the
convergence problems for these two degenerate cases. And at the same
time, we expand the target state from the eigenstate to the arbitrary
pure state. Especially, the proposed method is also applicable in the
control system with multi-control Hamiltonians. On this basis, the
convergence of the control systems is analyzed using the LaSalle
invariance principle. Furthermore, the relation between the implicit
Lyapunov functions of the state distance and the state error is
investigated. Finally, numerical simulations are carried out to verify
the effectiveness of the proposed implicit Lyapunov control method.
The comparisons of the control effect using the implicit Lyapunov
control method based on the state distance with that of the state error
are given.
Abstract: There is a complex situation on the transport environment in the cities of the world. For the analysis and prevention of environmental problems an accurate calculation hazardous substances concentrations at each point of the investigated area is required. In the turbulent atmosphere of the city the wellknown methods of mathematical statistics for these tasks cannot be applied with a satisfactory level of accuracy. Therefore, to solve this class of problems apparatus of mathematical physics is more appropriate. In such models, because of the difficulty as a rule the influence of uneven land surface on streams of air masses in the turbulent atmosphere of the city are not taken into account. In this paper the influence of the surface roughness, which can be quite large, is mathematically shown. The analysis of this problem under certain conditions identified the possibility of areas appearing in the atmosphere with pressure tending to infinity, i.e. so-called "wall effect".
Abstract: This paper presents a method to estimate load profile
in a multiple power flow solutions for every minutes in 24 hours per
day. A method to calculate multiple solutions of non linear profile is
introduced. The Power System Simulation/Engineering (PSS®E) and
python has been used to solve the load power flow. The result of this
power flow solutions has been used to estimate the load profiles for
each load at buses using Independent Component Analysis (ICA)
without any knowledge of parameter and network topology of the
systems. The proposed algorithm is tested with IEEE 69 test bus
system represents for distribution part and the method of ICA has
been programmed in MATLAB R2012b version. Simulation results
and errors of estimations are discussed in this paper.
Abstract: Stochastic models of biological networks are well established in systems biology, where the computational treatment of such models is often focused on the solution of the so-called chemical master equation via stochastic simulation algorithms. In contrast to this, the development of storage-efficient model representations that are directly suitable for computer implementation has received significantly less attention. Instead, a model is usually described in terms of a stochastic process or a "higher-level paradigm" with graphical representation such as e.g. a stochastic Petri net. A serious problem then arises due to the exponential growth of the model-s state space which is in fact a main reason for the popularity of stochastic simulation since simulation suffers less from the state space explosion than non-simulative numerical solution techniques. In this paper we present transition class models for the representation of biological network models, a compact mathematical formalism that circumvents state space explosion. Transition class models can also serve as an interface between different higher level modeling paradigms, stochastic processes and the implementation coded in a programming language. Besides, the compact model representation provides the opportunity to apply non-simulative solution techniques thereby preserving the possible use of stochastic simulation. Illustrative examples of transition class representations are given for an enzyme-catalyzed substrate conversion and a part of the bacteriophage λ lysis/lysogeny pathway.
Abstract: A new nonlinear PID controller and its stability
analysis are presented in this paper. A nonlinear function is deduced
from the similarities between the control effort and the electric-field
effect of a capacitor. The conventional linear PID controller can be
modified into a nonlinear one by this function. To analyze the stability
of the nonlinear PID controlled system, an idea of energy equivalence
is adapted to avoid the conservativeness which is usually arisen from
some traditional theorems and Criterions. The energy equivalence is
naturally related with the conceptions of Passivity and T-Passivity. As
a result, an engineering guideline for the parameter design of the
nonlinear PID controller is obtained. An inverted pendulum system is
tested to verify the nonlinear PID control scheme.
Abstract: Controlled modification of appropriate sharpness for
nanotips is of paramount importance to develop novel materials and
functional devices at a nanometer resolution. Herein, we present a
reliable and unique strategy of laser irradiation enhanced
physicochemical etching to manufacture super sharp tungsten tips
with reproducible shape and dimension as well as high yields
(~80%). The corresponding morphology structure evolution of
tungsten tips and laser-tip interaction mechanisms were
systematically investigated and discussed using field emission
scanning electron microscope (SEM) and physical optics statistics
method with different fluences under 532 nm laser irradiation. This
work paves the way for exploring more accessible metallic tips
applications with tunable apex diameter and aspect ratio, and,
furthermore, facilitates the potential sharpening enhancement
technique for other materials used in a variety of nanoscale devices.
Abstract: This research paper presents a framework on how to
build up malware dataset.Many researchers took longer time to
clean the dataset from any noise or to transform the dataset into a
format that can be used straight away for testing. Therefore, this
research is proposing a framework to help researchers to speed up
the malware dataset cleaningprocesses which later can be used for
testing. It is believed, an efficient malware dataset cleaning
processes, can improved the quality of the data, thus help to improve
the accuracy and the efficiency of the subsequent analysis. Apart
from that, an in-depth understanding of the malware taxonomy is
also important prior and during the dataset cleaning processes. A
new Trojan classification has been proposed to complement this
framework.This experiment has been conducted in a controlled lab
environment and using the dataset from VxHeavens dataset. This
framework is built based on the integration of static and dynamic
analyses, incident response method and knowledge database
discovery (KDD) processes.This framework can be used as the basis
guideline for malware researchers in building malware dataset.
Abstract: A lot of Scientific and Engineering problems require the solution of large systems of linear equations of the form bAx in an effective manner. LU-Decomposition offers good choices for solving this problem. Our approach is to find the lower bound of processing elements needed for this purpose. Here is used the so called Omega calculus, as a computational method for solving problems via their corresponding Diophantine relation. From the corresponding algorithm is formed a system of linear diophantine equalities using the domain of computation which is given by the set of lattice points inside the polyhedron. Then is run the Mathematica program DiophantineGF.m. This program calculates the generating function from which is possible to find the number of solutions to the system of Diophantine equalities, which in fact gives the lower bound for the number of processors needed for the corresponding algorithm. There is given a mathematical explanation of the problem as well. Keywordsgenerating function, lattice points in polyhedron, lower bound of processor elements, system of Diophantine equationsand : calculus.
Abstract: Emerging adulthood, between the ages of 18 and 25, as a new developmental stage extending from adolescence to young adulthood. According to Arnett [2004], there are experiments related to identity in three basic fields which are love, work and view of the world in emerging adulthood. When the literature related to identity is examined, it is seen that identity has been studied more with adolescent, and studies were concentrated on the relationship of identity with many demographic variables neglecting important variables such as marital status, parental status and SES. Thus, the main aim of this study is to determine whether identity statuses differenciate with marital status, parental status and SES. A total of 700 emerging adults participated in this study, and the mean age was 22,45 years [SD = 3.76]. The sample was made up of 347 female and 353 male. All participants in the study were students from colleges. Student responses to the Extended Version of the Objective Measure of Ego Identity Status [EOM-EIS-2] used to classify students into one of the four identity statuses. SPSS 15.00 program wasa used to analyse data. Percentage, frequency and X2 analysis were used in the analysis of data. When the findings of the study is viewed as a whole, the most frequently observed identity status in the group is found to be moratorium. Also, identity statuses differenciate with marital status, parental status and SES. Findings were discussed in the context of emerging adulthood.
Abstract: This paper presents an experimental case using sensory thermography to describe temperatures behavior on median nerve once an activity of repetitive motion was done. Thermography is a noninvasive technique without biological hazard and not harm at all times and has been applied in many experiments to seek for temperature patterns that help to understand diseases like cancer and cumulative trauma disorders (CTD’s). An infrared sensory thermography technology was developed to execute this study. Three women in good shape were selected for the repetitive motion tests for 4 days, two right-handed women and 1 left handed woman, two sensory thermographers were put on both median nerve wrists to get measures. The evaluation time was of 3 hours 30 minutes in a controlled temperature, 20 minutes of stabilization time at the beginning and end of the operation. Temperatures distributions are statistically evaluated and showed similar temperature patterns behavior.
Abstract: Pulse width modulation (PWM) techniques have been
the subject of intensive research for different industrial and power
sector applications. A large variety of methods, different in concept
and performance, have been newly developed and described. This
paper analyzes the comparative merits of Sinusoidal Pulse Width
Modulation (SPWM) and Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation
(SVPWM) techniques and the suitability of these techniques in a
Shunt Active Filter (SAF). The objective is to select the scheme that
offers effective utilization of DC bus voltage and also harmonic
reduction at the input side. The effectiveness of the PWM techniques
is tested in the SAF configuration with a non linear load. The
performance of the SAF with the SPWM and (SVPWM) techniques
are compared with respect to the THD in source current. The study
reveals that in the context of closed loop SAF control with the
SVPWM technique there is only a minor improvement in THD. The
utilization of the DC bus with SVPWM is also not significant
compared to that with SPWM because of the non sinusoidal
modulating signal from the controller in SAF configuration.
Abstract: Road rage is an increasingly prevalent expression of
aggression in our society. Its dangers are apparent and understanding
its causes may shed light on preventative measures. This study
involved a fifteen-minute survey administered to 147 undergraduate
students at a North Eastern suburban university. The survey
consisted of a demographics section, questions regarding financial
investment in respondents- vehicles, experience driving, habits of
driving, experiences witnessing role models driving, and an
evaluation of road rage behavior using the Driving Vengeance
Questionnaire. The study found no significant differences in driving
aggression between respondents who were financially invested in
their vehicle compared to those who were not, or between
respondents who drove in heavy traffic hours compared to those who
did not, suggesting internal factors correlate with aggressive driving
habits. The study also found significant differences in driving
aggression between males versus females, those with more points on
their license versus fewer points, and those who witnessed parents
driving aggressively very often versus rarely or never. Additional
studies can investigate how witnessing parents driving aggressively
is related to future driving behaviors.
Abstract: An increasingly dynamic and complex environment poses huge challenges to production enterprises, especially with regards to logistics. The Logistic Operating Curve Theory, developed at the Institute of Production Systems and Logistics (IFA) of the Leibniz University of Hanover, is a recognized approach to describing logistic interactions, nevertheless, it reaches its limits when it comes to the dynamic aspects. In order to facilitate a timely and optimal Logistic Positioning a method is developed for quickly and reliably identifying dynamic processing states.
Abstract: This paper introduces a technique for simulating a
single-server exponential queuing system. The technique called the
Q-Simulator is a computer program which can simulate the effect of
traffic intensity on all system average quantities given the arrival
and/or service rates. The Q-Simulator has three phases namely: the
formula based method, the uncontrolled simulation, and the
controlled simulation. The Q-Simulator generates graphs (crystal
solutions) for all results of the simulation or calculation and can be
used to estimate desirable average quantities such as waiting times,
queue lengths, etc.
Abstract: The dramatic effect of information technology on
society is undeniable. In education, it is evident in the use of terms
like active learning, blended learning, electronic learning and mobile
learning (ubiquitous learning). This study explores the perceptions of
54 learners in a higher education institution regarding the use of
mobile devices in a third year module. Using semi-structured
interviews, it was found that mobile devices had a positive impact on
learner motivation, engagement and enjoyment. It also improved the
consistency of learning material, and the convenience and flexibility
(anywhere, anytime) of learning. User-interfacelimitation, bandwidth
and cognitive overload, however, were of concern. The use of cloud
based resources like Youtube and Google Docs, through mobile
devices, positively influenced learner perceptions, making them
prosumers (both consumers and producers) of education content.