Tailoring the Sharpness of Tungsten Nanotips via Laser Irradiation Enhanced Etching in KOH
Controlled modification of appropriate sharpness for
nanotips is of paramount importance to develop novel materials and
functional devices at a nanometer resolution. Herein, we present a
reliable and unique strategy of laser irradiation enhanced
physicochemical etching to manufacture super sharp tungsten tips
with reproducible shape and dimension as well as high yields
(~80%). The corresponding morphology structure evolution of
tungsten tips and laser-tip interaction mechanisms were
systematically investigated and discussed using field emission
scanning electron microscope (SEM) and physical optics statistics
method with different fluences under 532 nm laser irradiation. This
work paves the way for exploring more accessible metallic tips
applications with tunable apex diameter and aspect ratio, and,
furthermore, facilitates the potential sharpening enhancement
technique for other materials used in a variety of nanoscale devices.
[1] S. L. Toh, Z. H. Mai, E. Hendarto, H. J. Mak, J. C. Lam, and L. C. Hsia,
"Sharpening Conical Tungsten Nanotips in KOH Solution under Laser
Irradiation " Electrochemical and Solid-State Letters, vol. 12, 2009, pp.
D61-D63.
[2] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tungsten.
[3] S. Morishita and F. Okuyama, "Sharpening of monocrystalline
molybdenum tips by means of inert-gas ion sputtering" J. Vac. Sci.
Technol. A Vol 9, 1991, pp. 167-169.
[4] M. Nagai, M. Tomitori, and O. Nishikawa, "Sharpening Processes of
Scanning Tunneling Microscopy/Scanning Tunneling Spectroscopy Tips
by Thermal Field Treatment" Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., Part 1, Vol. 36, 1997,
pp. 3844-3849.
[5] M. Fotino, "Tip sharpening by normal and reverse electrochemical
etching" Rev. Sci. Instrum., vol. 64, 1993, pp. 159-167.
[6] M. Rezeq, J. Pitters, and R. Wolkow, "Tungsten nanotip fabrication by
spatially controlled field-assisted reaction with nitrogen" J. Chem. Phys.,
vol. 124, 2006, pp. 204716-204721.
[7] C. Nowak, R. Kirchheim, and G. Schmitz, "Electric-field-induced low
temperature oxidation of tungsten nanowires" Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 89,
2006, pp. 143104-143106.
[8] J. F. Ready, "Effects Due to Absorption of Laser Radiation" J. Appl.
Phys., vol. 36, 1965, pp. 462-468.
[9] Paul A. Webb, Micromeritics Instrument Corp. "Technical Workshop
Series: Introduction to the Latest ANSI/ISO Standard for Laser Particle
Size Analysis" January 2000.
[10] G. Daminelli, J. Kr├╝ger, and W. Kautek, "Femtosecond laser interaction
with silicon under water confinement," Thin Solid Films vol. 467, 2004,
pp. 334-341.
[1] S. L. Toh, Z. H. Mai, E. Hendarto, H. J. Mak, J. C. Lam, and L. C. Hsia,
"Sharpening Conical Tungsten Nanotips in KOH Solution under Laser
Irradiation " Electrochemical and Solid-State Letters, vol. 12, 2009, pp.
D61-D63.
[2] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tungsten.
[3] S. Morishita and F. Okuyama, "Sharpening of monocrystalline
molybdenum tips by means of inert-gas ion sputtering" J. Vac. Sci.
Technol. A Vol 9, 1991, pp. 167-169.
[4] M. Nagai, M. Tomitori, and O. Nishikawa, "Sharpening Processes of
Scanning Tunneling Microscopy/Scanning Tunneling Spectroscopy Tips
by Thermal Field Treatment" Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., Part 1, Vol. 36, 1997,
pp. 3844-3849.
[5] M. Fotino, "Tip sharpening by normal and reverse electrochemical
etching" Rev. Sci. Instrum., vol. 64, 1993, pp. 159-167.
[6] M. Rezeq, J. Pitters, and R. Wolkow, "Tungsten nanotip fabrication by
spatially controlled field-assisted reaction with nitrogen" J. Chem. Phys.,
vol. 124, 2006, pp. 204716-204721.
[7] C. Nowak, R. Kirchheim, and G. Schmitz, "Electric-field-induced low
temperature oxidation of tungsten nanowires" Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 89,
2006, pp. 143104-143106.
[8] J. F. Ready, "Effects Due to Absorption of Laser Radiation" J. Appl.
Phys., vol. 36, 1965, pp. 462-468.
[9] Paul A. Webb, Micromeritics Instrument Corp. "Technical Workshop
Series: Introduction to the Latest ANSI/ISO Standard for Laser Particle
Size Analysis" January 2000.
[10] G. Daminelli, J. Kr├╝ger, and W. Kautek, "Femtosecond laser interaction
with silicon under water confinement," Thin Solid Films vol. 467, 2004,
pp. 334-341.
@article{"International Journal of Engineering, Mathematical and Physical Sciences:54415", author = "D. D. Wang and J.C. Lam and Z. H. Mai", title = "Tailoring the Sharpness of Tungsten Nanotips via Laser Irradiation Enhanced Etching in KOH", abstract = "Controlled modification of appropriate sharpness for
nanotips is of paramount importance to develop novel materials and
functional devices at a nanometer resolution. Herein, we present a
reliable and unique strategy of laser irradiation enhanced
physicochemical etching to manufacture super sharp tungsten tips
with reproducible shape and dimension as well as high yields
(~80%). The corresponding morphology structure evolution of
tungsten tips and laser-tip interaction mechanisms were
systematically investigated and discussed using field emission
scanning electron microscope (SEM) and physical optics statistics
method with different fluences under 532 nm laser irradiation. This
work paves the way for exploring more accessible metallic tips
applications with tunable apex diameter and aspect ratio, and,
furthermore, facilitates the potential sharpening enhancement
technique for other materials used in a variety of nanoscale devices.", keywords = "Tungsten tip sharpening, Laser irradiation,
Physicochemical etching, Light-matter interaction.", volume = "7", number = "1", pages = "42-3", }