Abstract: The New Basel Capital Accord (Basel II) influences how financial institutions around the world, and especially European Union institutions, determine the amount of capital to reserve. However, as the recent global crisis has shown, the revision of Basel II is needed to reflect current trends, such as increased volatility and correlation, in the world financial markets. The overall objective of Basel II is to increase the safety and soundness of the international financial system. Basel II builds on three main pillars: Pillar I deals with the minimum capital requirements for credit, market and operational risk, Pillar II focuses on the supervisory review process and finally Pillar III promotes market discipline through enhanced disclosure requirements for banks. The aim of this paper is to provide the historical background, key features and impact of Basel II on financial markets. Moreover, we discuss new proposals for international bank regulation (sometimes referred to as Basel III) which include requirements for higher quality, constituency and transparency of banks' capital and risk management, regulation of OTC markets and introduction of new liquidity standards for internationally active banks.
Abstract: Excessive ductility demand on shorter piers is a
common problem for irregular bridges subjected to strong ground
motion. Various techniques have been developed to reduce the
likelihood of collapse of bridge due to failure of shorter piers. This
paper presents the new approach to improve the seismic behavior of
such bridges using Nitinol shape memory alloys (SMAs).
Superelastic SMAs have the ability to remain elastic under very large
deformation due to martensitic transformation. This unique property
leads to enhanced performance of controlled bridge compared with
the performance of the reference bridge. To evaluate the effectiveness
of the devices, nonlinear time history analysis is performed on a RC
single column bent highway bridge using a suite of representative
ground motions. The results show that this method is very effective in
limiting the ductility demand of shorter pier.
Abstract: The basic objective of this paper is to measure and
compare the profitability of investments made by the small and
marginal farmers of the state of West Bengal in floriculture shifting
from the traditional cultivation of paddy. A comparison of IRR is
made to establish the fact that cultivation of flowers yield higher
returns farmers whose land size is so small that viability of paddy
cultivation is raising a question mark. A detailed study of the price
behavior of the flower crop has been carried out in which the factors
leading to the volatility of the price and the dispersion of the range
have also been discussed. Finally the incremental incomes of the
farmers have been calculated with the help of imputed income from
paddy cultivation and the reported income from the selected flowers.
The study shows that the farmers stand gainers if they opt for flower
cultivation.
Abstract: A bond graph model of a two degrees of freedom
PUMA is described. System inversion gives the system input
required to generate a given system output. In order to get the system
inversion of the PUMA manipulator, a linearization of the nonlinear
bond graph is obtained. Hence, the bicausality of the linearized bond
graph of the PUMA manipulator is applied. Thus, the bicausal bond
graph provides a systematic way of generating the equations of the
system inversion. Simulation results to verify the calculated input for
a given output are shown.
Abstract: According to the majority and to stereotypes in a simple everyman religious processes in the world in general, and Kazakhstan in particular, have only negative trends. The main reason for the author's opinion is seen in the fact that the media in the pursuit of ratings and sensation, more inclined to highlight the negative aspects of events in the country and the world of processes forgetting or casually mentioning the positive initiatives and achievements. That is why the article is mainly revealed positive trends in mind that the problems of fanaticism, terrorism and the confrontation of society on various issues, a lot has been written and detailed. This article describes the stages in the development of relations between religion and state, as well as institutionalization, networking and assistance in the correct orientation of religious activities in the country.
Abstract: A welded structure must be inspected to guarantee that the weld quality meets the design requirements to assure safety and reliability. However, X-ray image analyses and defect recognition with the computer vision techniques are very complex. Most difficulties lie in finding the small, irregular defects in poor contrast images which requires pre processing to image, extract, and classify features from strong background noise. This paper addresses the issue of designing methodology to extract defect from noisy background radiograph with image processing. Based on the use of actives contours this methodology seems to give good results
Abstract: In this work, we study the problem of determining
the minimum scheduling length that can satisfy end-to-end (ETE)
traffic demand in scheduling-based multihop WSNs with cooperative
multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) transmission scheme. Specifically,
we present a cross-layer formulation for the joint routing,
scheduling and stream control problem by incorporating various
power and rate adaptation schemes, and taking into account an
antenna beam pattern model and the signal-to-interference-and-noise
(SINR) constraint at the receiver. In the context, we also propose
column generation (CG) solutions to get rid of the complexity
requiring the enumeration of all possible sets of scheduling links.
Abstract: In this note first we define the notions of intuitionistic
fuzzy dual positive implicative hyper K-ideals of types
1,2,3,4 and intuitionistic fuzzy dual hyper K-ideals. Then we
give some classifications about these notions according to the
level subsets. Also by given some examples we show that these
notions are not equivalent, however we prove some theorems
which show that there are some relationships between these
notions. Finally we define the notions of product and antiproduct
of two fuzzy subsets and then give some theorems
about the relationships between the intuitionistic fuzzy dual
positive implicative hyper K-ideal of types 1,2,3,4 and their
(anti-)products, in particular we give a main decomposition
theorem.
Abstract: Automatic reusability appraisal is helpful in
evaluating the quality of developed or developing reusable software
components and in identification of reusable components from
existing legacy systems; that can save cost of developing the
software from scratch. But the issue of how to identify reusable
components from existing systems has remained relatively
unexplored. In this research work, structural attributes of software
components are explored using software metrics and quality of the
software is inferred by different Neural Network based approaches,
taking the metric values as input. The calculated reusability value
enables to identify a good quality code automatically. It is found that
the reusability value determined is close to the manual analysis used
to be performed by the programmers or repository managers. So, the
developed system can be used to enhance the productivity and
quality of software development.
Abstract: .Hardware realization of a Neural Network (NN), to a large extent depends on the efficient implementation of a single neuron. FPGA-based reconfigurable computing architectures are suitable for hardware implementation of neural networks. FPGA realization of ANNs with a large number of neurons is still a challenging task. This paper discusses the issues involved in implementation of a multi-input neuron with linear/nonlinear excitation functions using FPGA. Implementation method with resource/speed tradeoff is proposed to handle signed decimal numbers. The VHDL coding developed is tested using Xilinx XC V50hq240 Chip. To improve the speed of operation a lookup table method is used. The problems involved in using a lookup table (LUT) for a nonlinear function is discussed. The percentage saving in resource and the improvement in speed with an LUT for a neuron is reported. An attempt is also made to derive a generalized formula for a multi-input neuron that facilitates to estimate approximately the total resource requirement and speed achievable for a given multilayer neural network. This facilitates the designer to choose the FPGA capacity for a given application. Using the proposed method of implementation a neural network based application, namely, a Space vector modulator for a vector-controlled drive is presented
Abstract: In this paper, a uniform calculus-based approach for
synthesizing monitors checking correctness properties specified by a
large variety of logics at runtime is provided, including future and past
time logics, interval logics, state machine and parameterized temporal
logics. We present a calculus mechanism to synthesize monitors from
the logical specification for the incremental analysis of execution
traces during test and real run. The monitor detects both good and bad
prefix of a particular kind, namely those that are informative for the
property under investigation. We elaborate the procedure of calculus
as monitors.
Abstract: Materials used on exterior spacecraft surfaces are subjected to many environmental threats which can cause degradation, atomic oxygen is one of the most threats. We prepared organic silicon atomic-oxygen-protection film using method of polymerization. This paper presented the effects on the film structure and its durability of the preparation processing, and analyzed the polymerization theory, the film structure and composition of the film. At last, we tested the film in our ground based atomic oxygen simulator, and indicated that the film worked well.
Abstract: Patients with diabetes are susceptible to chronic foot
wounds which may be difficult to manage and slow to heal.
Diagnosis and treatment currently rely on the subjective judgement of
experienced professionals. An objective method of tissue assessment
is required. In this paper, a data fusion approach was taken to wound
tissue classification. The supervised Maximum Likelihood and
unsupervised Multi-Modal Expectation Maximisation algorithms
were used to classify tissues within simulated wound models by
weighting the contributions of both colour and 3D depth information.
It was found that, at low weightings, depth information could show
significant improvements in classification accuracy when compared
to classification by colour alone, particularly when using the
maximum likelihood method. However, larger weightings were
found to have an entirely negative effect on accuracy.
Abstract: Worm propagation profiles have significantly changed
since 2003-2004: sudden world outbreaks like Blaster or Slammer
have progressively disappeared and slower but stealthier worms
appeared since, most of them for botnets dissemination. Decreased
worm virulence results in more difficult detection.
In this paper, we describe a stealth worm propagation model
which has been extensively simulated and analysed on a huge virtual
network. The main features of this model is its ability to infect any
Internet-like network in a few seconds, whatever may be its size while
greatly limiting the reinfection attempt overhead of already infected
hosts. The main simulation results shows that the combinatorial
topology of routing may have a huge impact on the worm propagation
and thus some servers play a more essential and significant role than
others. The real-time capability to identify them may be essential to
greatly hinder worm propagation.
Abstract: In this study the enthalpies of dissociation for pure
methane and pure carbon dioxide was calculated using a hydrate
equilibrium data obtained in this study. The enthalpy of dissociation
was determined using Clausius-Clapeyron equation. The results were
compared with the values reported in literature obtained using
various techniques.
Abstract: The ε4 allele of the ε2, ε3 and ε4 protein isoform polymorphism in the gene encoding apolipoprotein E (Apo E) has previously been associated with increased cardiac artery disease (CAD); therefore to investigate the significance of this polymorphism in pathogenesis of CAD in Iranian patients with stenosis and control subjects. To investigate the association between
Apo E polymorphism and coronary artery disease we performed a comparative case control study of the frequency of Apo E
polymorphism in One hundred CAD patients with stenosis who underwent coronary angiography (>50% stenosis) and 100 control subjects (
Abstract: Because of the great advance in multimedia
technology, digital multimedia is vulnerable to malicious
manipulations. In this paper, a public key self-recovery block-based
video authentication technique is proposed which can not only
precisely localize the alteration detection but also recover the missing
data with high reliability. In the proposed block-based technique,
multiple description coding MDC is used to generate two codes (two
descriptions) for each block. Although one block code (one
description) is enough to rebuild the altered block, the altered block
is rebuilt with better quality by the two block descriptions. So using
MDC increases the ratability of recovering data. A block signature is
computed using a cryptographic hash function and a doubly linked
chain is utilized to embed the block signature copies and the block
descriptions into the LSBs of distant blocks and the block itself. The
doubly linked chain scheme gives the proposed technique the
capability to thwart vector quantization attacks. In our proposed
technique , anyone can check the authenticity of a given video using
the public key. The experimental results show that the proposed
technique is reliable for detecting, localizing and recovering the
alterations.
Abstract: In this study, a fuzzy similarity approach for Arabic
web pages classification is presented. The approach uses a fuzzy
term-category relation by manipulating membership degree for the
training data and the degree value for a test web page. Six measures
are used and compared in this study. These measures include:
Einstein, Algebraic, Hamacher, MinMax, Special case fuzzy and
Bounded Difference approaches. These measures are applied and
compared using 50 different Arabic web pages. Einstein measure was
gave best performance among the other measures. An analysis of
these measures and concluding remarks are drawn in this study.
Abstract: In the paper, a fast high-resolution range profile synthetic algorithm called orthogonal matching pursuit with sensing dictionary (OMP-SD) is proposed. It formulates the traditional HRRP synthetic to be a sparse approximation problem over redundant dictionary. As it employs a priori that the synthetic range profile (SRP) of targets are sparse, SRP can be accomplished even in presence of data lost. Besides, the computation complexity decreases from O(MNDK) flops for OMP to O(M(N + D)K) flops for OMP-SD by introducing sensing dictionary (SD). Simulation experiments illustrate its advantages both in additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) and noiseless situation, respectively.
Abstract: This paper presents a new method for read out of the piezoresistive accelerometer sensors. The circuit works based on Instrumentation amplifier and it is useful for reducing offset In Wheatstone Bridge. The obtained gain is 645 with 1μv/°c Equivalent drift and 1.58mw power consumption. A Schmitt trigger and multiplexer circuit control output node. a high speed counter is designed in this work .the proposed circuit is designed and simulated In 0.18μm CMOS technology with 1.8v power supply.