Abstract: The ferrites ZnFe2O4, CdFe2O4 and CuFe2O4 are
synthesized in laboratory conditions using ceramic technology. Their
homogeneity and structure are proven by X-Ray diffraction analysis
and Mössbauer spectroscopy. The synthesized ferrites are subjected
to strong acid and high temperature leaching with solutions of H2SO4,
HCl and HNO3. The results indicate that the highest degree of
leaching of Zn, Cd and Cu from the ferrites is achieved by use of
HCl. The charging of five zinc sulfide concentrates was optimized using
the criterion of minimal amount of zinc ferrite produced when
roasting the concentrates in a fluidized bed. The results obtained are
interpreted in terms of the hydrometallurgical zinc production and
maximum recovery of zinc, copper and cadmium from initial zinc
concentrates after their roasting.
Abstract: In recent years, the power system has been changed
and a flexible power pricing system such as demand response has been
sought in Japan. The demand response system works simply in the
household sector and the owner as the decision-maker, can benefit
from power saving. On the other hand, the execution of demand
response in the office building is more complex than in the household
because various people such as owners, building administrators and
occupants are involved in the decision-making process. While the
owners benefit from demand saving, the occupants are exposed to
restricted benefits of a demand-saved environment. One of the reasons
is that building systems are usually under centralized management and
each occupant cannot choose freely whether to participate in demand
response or not. In addition, it is unclear whether incentives give
occupants the motivation to participate. However, the recent
development of IT and building systems enables the personalized
control of the office environment where each occupant can control the
lighting level or temperature individually. Therefore, it can be possible
to have a system which each occupant can make a decision of whether
or not to participate in demand response in the office building. This study investigates personal responses to demand response
requests, under the condition where each occupant can adjust their
brightness individually in their workspace. Once workers participate
in the demand response, their desk-lights are automatically turned off.
The participation rates in the demand response events are compared
among four groups, which are divided by different motivation, the
presence, or absence of incentives and the method of participation. The
result shows that there are significant differences of participation rates
in demand response event between four groups. The method of
participation has a large effect on the participation rate. The “Opt-out”
groups where the occupants are automatically enrolled in a demand
response event if they do not express non-participation have the
highest participation rate in the four groups. Incentives also have an
effect on the participation rate. This study also reports on the impact of low illumination office
environment on the occupants, such as stress or fatigue. The
electrocardiogram and the questionnaire are used to investigate the
autonomic nervous activity and subjective fatigue symptoms of the
occupants. There is no big difference between dim workspace during
demand response event and bright workspace in autonomic nervous
activity and fatigue.
Abstract: The activation volume of 6082T6 aluminum is
investigated at different temperatures for grain size variants. The
deformation activation volume was computed on the basis of the
relationship between the Boltzmann’s constant k, the testing
temperatures, the material strain rate sensitivity and the material yield
stress grain size variants. The material strain rate sensitivity is
computed as a function of yield stress and strain rate grain size
variants. The effect of the material strain rate sensitivity and the
deformation activation volume of 6082T6 aluminum at different
temperatures of 3-D grain are discussed. It is shown that the strain rate sensitivities and activation volume
are negative for the grain size variants during the deformation of
nanostructured materials. It is also observed that the activation
volume vary in different ways with the equivalent radius, semi minor
axis radius, semi major axis radius and major axis radius. From the
obtained results it is shown that the variation of activation volume
increase and decrease with the testing temperature. It was revealed
that, increase in strain rate sensitivity led to decrease in activation
volume whereas increase in activation volume led to decrease in
strain rate sensitivity.
Abstract: The first layer of defense against data loss is the backup
data. This paper implements an agent-based network backup system
used the backup, server-storage and server-backup agent these
tripartite construction, and the snapshot and hierarchical index are
used in the NSBS. It realizes the control command and data flow
separation, balances the system load, thereby improving efficiency of
the system backup and recovery. The test results show the agent-based
network backup system can effectively improve the task-based
concurrency, reasonably allocate network bandwidth, the system
backup performance loss costs smaller and improves data recovery
efficiency by 20%.
Abstract: The aim of optimization of store management is not
only designing the situation of store management itself including its
equipment, technology and operation. In optimization of store
management we need to consider also synchronizing of
technological, transport, store and service operations throughout the
whole process of logistic chain in such a way that a natural flow of
material from provider to consumer will be achieved the shortest
possible way, in the shortest possible time in requested quality and
quantity and with minimum costs. The paper deals with the
application of the queuing theory for optimization of warehouse
processes. The first part refers to common information about the
problematic of warehousing and using mathematical methods for
logistics chains optimization. The second part refers to preparing a
model of a warehouse within queuing theory. The conclusion of the
paper includes two examples of using queuing theory in praxis.
Abstract: In this study, we examine some spectral properties
of non-selfadjoint matrix-valued difference equations consisting of
a polynomial-type Jost solution. The aim of this study is to
investigate the eigenvalues and spectral singularities of the difference
operator L which is expressed by the above-mentioned difference
equation. Firstly, thanks to the representation of polynomial type Jost
solution of this equation, we obtain asymptotics and some analytical
properties. Then, using the uniqueness theorems of analytic functions,
we guarantee that the operator L has a finite number of eigenvalues
and spectral singularities.
Abstract: Public participation in recycling domestic waste is still
very low in Malaysia. Only 10.5% of solid waste was recycled up to
now which is far below than of in developed countries. Therefore,
understanding public motivations towards recycling domestic waste
are important to improve current recycling rate. Thus, this study
attempts to identify what are the possible motivations and hindrances
for the public to recycle. Open-ended questions format were
administered to 484 people in Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia. Two
specific questions we asked to explore their general determinants and
barriers in practicing recycling: “What motivates you to recycle?”
and “What are the barriers you encountered in doing recycling
activities?” Thematic was conducted on the open-ended questions in
which themes were created with the raw comments. It was found that
the underlying recycling motivations are (i) awareness’ towards the
environment; (ii) benefits to the society and individual; and (iii)
social influence. Non participations are influence by (i) attitudes; (ii)
commitment; (iii) facilities; (iv) knowledge; (v) inconvenience; and
(vi) enforcement.
Abstract: On account of the concern of the fossil fuel is
depleting and its negative effects on the environment, interest in
alternative energy sources is increasing day by day. However,
considering the importance of transportation in human life, instead of
oil and its derivatives fueled vehicles with internal combustion
engines, electric vehicles which are sensitive to the environment and
working with electrical energy has begun to develop. In this study,
simulation was carried out for providing energy management and
recovering regenerative braking in fuel cell-battery hybrid electric
vehicle. The main power supply of the vehicle is fuel cell on the other
hand not only instantaneous power is supplied by the battery but also
the energy generated due to regenerative breaking is stored in the
battery. Obtained results of the simulation is analyzed and discussed.
Abstract: Friction stir welding and tungsten inert gas welding
techniques were employed to weld armor grade aluminum alloy to
investigate the effect of welding processes on tensile behavior of
weld joints. Tensile tests, Vicker microhardness tests and optical
microscopy were performed on developed weld joints and base metal.
Welding process influenced tensile behavior and microstructure of
weld joints. Friction stir welded joints showed tensile behavior better
than tungsten inert gas weld joints.
Abstract: The reheating furnace is used to reheat the steel slabs
before the hot-rolling process. The supported system includes the
stationary/moving beams, and the skid buttons which block some
thermal radiation transmitted to the bottom of the slabs. Therefore, it is
important to analyze the steel slab temperature distribution during the
heating period. A three-dimensional mathematical transient heat
transfer model for the prediction of temperature distribution within the
slab has been developed. The effects of different skid button height
(H=60mm, 90mm, and 120mm) and different gap distance between
two slabs (S=50mm, 75mm, and 100mm) on the slab skid mark
formation and temperature profiles are investigated. Comparison with
the in-situ experimental data from Steel Company in Taiwan shows
that the present heat transfer model works well for the prediction of
thermal behavior of the slab in the reheating furnace. It is found that
the skid mark severity decreases with an increase in the skid button
height. The effect of gap distance is important only for the slab edge
planes, while it is insignificant for the slab central planes.
Abstract: The aim of the performed work is to establish the 2D
and 3D model of direct unsteady task of sample heat treatment by
moving source employing computer model on the basis of finite
element method. Complex boundary condition on heat loaded sample
surface is the essential feature of the task. Computer model describes
heat treatment of the sample during heat source movement over the
sample surface. It is started from 2D task of sample cross section as a
basic model. Possibilities of extension from 2D to 3D task are
discussed. The effect of the addition of third model dimension on
temperature distribution in the sample is showed. Comparison of
various model parameters on the sample temperatures is observed.
Influence of heat source motion on the depth of material heat
treatment is shown for several velocities of the movement. Presented
computer model is prepared for the utilization in laser treatment of
machine parts.
Abstract: This paper presents the influence of the vertical
seismic component on the non-linear dynamics analysis of three
different structures. The subject structures were analyzed and
designed according to recent codes. This paper considers three types
of buildings: 5-, 10-, and 15-story buildings. The non-linear
dynamics analysis of the structures with assuming elastic-perfectlyplastic
behavior was performed using RAM PERFORM-3D software;
the horizontal component was taken into consideration with and
without the incorporation of the corresponding vertical component.
Dynamic responses obtained for the horizontal component acting
alone were compared with those obtained from the simultaneous
application of both seismic components. The results show that the
effect of the vertical component of ground motion may increase the
axial load significantly in the interior columns and, consequently, the
stories. The plastic mechanisms would be changed. The P-Delta
effect is expected to increase. The punching base plate shear of the
columns should be considered. Moreover, the vertical component
increases the input energy when the structures exhibit inelastic
behavior and are taller.
Abstract: Automated Teller Machines (ATMs) can be
considered among one of the most important service facilities in the
banking industry. The investment in ATMs and the impact on the
banking industry is growing steadily in every part of the world. The
banks take into consideration many factors like safety, convenience,
visibility, and cost in order to determine the optimum locations of
ATMs. Today, ATMs are not only available in bank branches but
also at retail locations. Another important factor is the cash
management in ATMs. A cash demand model for every ATM is
needed in order to have an efficient cash management system. This
forecasting model is based on historical cash demand data which is
highly related to the ATMs location. So, the location and the cash
management problem should be considered together. This paper
provides a general review on studies, efforts and development in
ATMs location and cash management problem.
Abstract: Wicking and evaporation of water in porous knitted fabrics is investigated by combining experimental and analytical approaches: The standard wicking model from Lucas and Washburn is enhanced to account for evaporation and gravity effects. The goal is to model the effect of gravity and evaporation on wicking using simple analytical expressions and investigate the influence of fabrics geometrical parameters, such as porosity and thickness on evaporation impact on maximum reachable height values. The results show that fabric properties have a significant influence on evaporation effect. In this paper, an experimental study of determining water kinetics from different knitted fabrics were gravimetrically investigated permitting the measure of the mass and the height of liquid rising in fabrics in various atmospheric conditions. From these measurements, characteristic pore parameters (capillary radius and permeability) can be determined.
Abstract: This study aims at improving the urban hydrological
cycle of the Orléans agglomeration (France) and understanding the
relationship between physical and chemical parameters of urban
surface runoff and the hydrological conditions. In particular water
quality parameters such as pH, conductivity, total dissolved solids,
major dissolved cations and anions, and chemical and biological
oxygen demands were monitored for three types of urban water
discharges (wastewater treatment plant output (WWTP), storm
overflow and stormwater outfall) under two hydrologic scenarios (dry
and wet weather). The first results were obtained over a period of five
months. Each investigated (Ormes, l’Egoutier and La Corne) outfall
represents an urban runoff source that receives water from runoff
roads, gutters, the irrigation of gardens and other sources of flow over
the Earth’s surface that drains in its catchments and carries it to the
Loire River. In wet weather conditions there is rain water runoff and
an additional input from the roof gutters that have entered the
stormwater system during rainfall. For the comparison the results La
Chilesse is a storm overflow that was selected in our study as a
potential source of waste water which is located before the (WWTP). The comparison of the physical-chemical parameters (total
dissolved solids, turbidity, pH, conductivity, dissolved organic
carbon (DOC), concentration of major cations and anions) together
with the chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biological oxygen
demand (BOD) helped to characterize sources of runoff waters in the
different watersheds. It also helped to highlight the infiltration of
wastewater in some stormwater systems that reject directly in the
Loire River. The values of the conductivity measured in the outflow
of Ormes were always higher than those measured in the other two
outlets. The results showed a temporal variation for the Ormes outfall
of conductivity from 1465 μS cm-1 in the dry weather flow to 650 μS
cm-1 in the wet weather flow and also a spatial variation in the wet
weather flow from 650 μS cm-1 in the Ormes outfall to 281 μS cm-1
in L’Egouttier outfall. The ultimate BOD (BOD28) showed a
significant decrease in La Corne outfall from 181 mg L-1 in the wet
weather flow to 95 mg L-1 in the dry weather flow because of the
nutrient load that was transported by the runoff.
Abstract: With the increasing population and intensive land use,
huge traffic demand is generating worldwide both in developing and
developed countries. As a developing country, Bangladesh is also
facing the same problem in recent years by producing huge numbers
of daily trips. As a matter of fact, extensive traffic demand is
increasing day by day. Also, transport system in Dhaka is
heterogeneous, reflecting the heterogeneity in the socio-economic
and land use patterns. Trips produced here are for different purposes
such as work, business, educational etc. Due to the significant
concentration of educational institutions a large share of the trips are
generated by educational purpose. And one of the major percentages
of educational trips is produced by university going students and
most of them are travelled by car, bus, train, taxi, rickshaw etc. The
aim of the study was to find out the university students’ perception on
public transit ridership. A survey was conducted among 330 students
from eight different universities. It was found out that 26% of the
trips produced by university going students are travelled by public
bus service and only 5% are by train. Percentage of car share is 16%
and 12% of the trips are travelled by private taxi. It has been
observed from the study, students those who prefer bus instead of
other options, 42 percent of their family resides outside Dhaka. And
those who prefer walking, of them, over 40 percent students’ family
reside outside of Dhaka and of them over 85 percent students have a
tendency to live in a mess. On the contrary, students travelling by car
represents, most of their family reside in Dhaka. The study also
revealed that the most important reason that restricts students not to
use public transit is poor service. Negative attitudes such as
discomfort, uneasiness in using public transit also reduces the usage
of public transit. The poor waiting area is another major cause of not
using public transit. Insufficient security also plays a significant role
in not using public transit. On the contrary, the fare is not a problem
for students those who use public transit as a mode of transportation.
Students also think stations are not far away from their home or
institution and they do not need to wait long for the buses or trains. It
was also found accessibility to public transit is moderate.
Abstract: An integrated modeling approach was used in this study for energy planning and climate change mitigation assessment. The main objective of this study was to develop various green-house gas (GHG) mitigations scenarios in the energy demand and supply sectors for the state of Florida. The Long range energy alternative planning (LEAP) model was used in this study to examine the energy alternative and GHG emissions reduction scenarios for short and long term (2010-2050). One of the energy analysis and GHG mitigation scenarios was developed by taking into account the available renewable energy resources potential for power generation in the state of Florida. This will help to compare and analyze the GHG reduction measure against “Business As Usual” and ‘State of Florida Policy” scenarios. Two master scenarios: “Electrification” and “Energy efficiency and Lifestyle” were developed through combination of various mitigation scenarios: technological changes and energy efficiency and conservation. The results show a net reduction of the energy demand and GHG emissions by adopting these two energy scenarios compared to the business as usual.
Abstract: A large variety of pipe flange is required in marine
and construction industry. Pipe flanges are usually welded or screwed
to the pipe end and are connected with bolts. This approach is very
simple and widely used for a long time; however, it results in high
development cost and low productivity, and the productions made by
this approach usually have safety problem at the welding area. In this
research, a new approach of forming pipe flange based on cold
forging and floating die concept is presented. This innovative
approach increases the effectiveness of the material usage and save
the time cost compared with conventional welding method. To ensure the dimensional accuracy of the final product, the finite
element analysis (FEA) was carried out to simulate the process of
cold forging, and the orthogonal experiment methods were used to
investigate the influence of four manufacturing factors (pin die angle,
pipe flange angle, rpm, pin die distance from clamp jig) and predicted
the best combination of them. The manufacturing factors were
obtained by numerical and experimental studies and it shows that the
approach is very useful and effective for the forming of pipe flange,
and can be widely used later.
Abstract: A problem of complex mineral resources development is urgent and priority, it is aimed at realization of the processes of their ecologically safe development, one of its components is revealing the influence of the forms of element compounds in raw materials and in the processing products. In view of depletion of the precious metal reserves at the traditional deposits in the XXI century the large-size open cast deposits, localized in black shale strata begin to play the leading role. Carbonaceous (black) shales carry a heightened metallogenic potential. Black shales with high content of carbon are widely distributed within the scope of Bureinsky massif. According to academician Hanchuk`s data black shales of Sutirskaya series contain generally PGEs native form. The presence of high absorptive towards carbonaceous matter gold and PGEs compounds in crude ore results in decrease of valuable components extraction because of their sorption into dissipated carbonaceous matter.
Abstract: Growing human population has placed increased
demands on water supplies and spurred a heightened interest in
desalination infrastructure. Key elements of the economics of
desalination projects are thermal and electrical inputs. With growing
concerns over use of fossil fuels to (indirectly) supply these inputs,
coupling of desalination with nuclear power production represents a
significant opportunity. Individually, nuclear and desalination
technologies have a long history and are relatively mature. For
desalination, Reverse Osmosis (RO) has the lowest energy inputs.
However, the economically driven output quality of the water
produced using RO, which uses only electrical inputs, is lower than the
output water quality from thermal desalination plants. Therefore,
modern desalination projects consider that RO should be coupled with
thermal desalination technologies (MSF, MED, or MED-TVC) with
attendant steam inputs to permit blending to produce various qualities
of water. A large nuclear facility is well positioned to dispatch large
quantities of both electrical and thermal power. This paper considers
the supply of thermal energy to a large desalination facility to examine
heat balance impact on the nuclear steam cycle. The APR1400 nuclear
plant is selected as prototypical from both a capacity and turbine cycle
heat balance perspective to examine steam supply and the impact on
electrical output. Extraction points and quantities of steam are
considered parametrically along with various types of thermal
desalination technologies to form the basis for further evaluations of
economically optimal approaches to the interface of nuclear power
production with desalination projects. In our study, the
thermodynamic evaluation will be executed by DE-TOP, an IAEA
sponsored program. DE-TOP has capabilities to analyze power
generation systems coupled to desalination plants through various
steam extraction positions, taking into consideration the isolation loop
between the nuclear and the thermal desalination facilities (i.e., for
radiological isolation).