Abstract: Vector quantization is a powerful tool for speech
coding applications. This paper deals with LPC Coding of speech
signals which uses a new technique called Multi Switched Split
Vector Quantization, This is a hybrid of two product code vector
quantization techniques namely the Multi stage vector quantization
technique, and Switched split vector quantization technique,. Multi
Switched Split Vector Quantization technique quantizes the linear
predictive coefficients in terms of line spectral frequencies. From
results it is proved that Multi Switched Split Vector Quantization
provides better trade off between bitrate and spectral distortion
performance, computational complexity and memory requirements
when compared to Switched Split Vector Quantization, Multi stage
vector quantization, and Split Vector Quantization techniques. By
employing the switching technique at each stage of the vector
quantizer the spectral distortion, computational complexity and
memory requirements were greatly reduced. Spectral distortion was
measured in dB, Computational complexity was measured in
floating point operations (flops), and memory requirements was
measured in (floats).
Abstract: We report in this paper the model adopted by our
system of continuous speech recognition in Arab language SySRA
and the results obtained until now. This system uses the database
Arabdic-10 which is a corpus of word for the Arab language and
which was manually segmented. Phonetic decoding is represented
by an expert system where the knowledge base is translated in the
form of production rules. This expert system transforms a vocal
signal into a phonetic lattice. The higher level of the system takes
care of the recognition of the lattice thus obtained by deferring it in
the form of written sentences (orthographical Form). This level
contains initially the lexical analyzer which is not other than the
module of recognition. We subjected this analyzer to a set of
spectrograms obtained by dictating a score of sentences in Arab
language. The rate of recognition of these sentences is about 70%
which is, to our knowledge, the best result for the recognition of the
Arab language. The test set consists of twenty sentences from four
speakers not having taken part in the training.
Abstract: The importance of good requirements engineering is well documented. Agile practices, promoting collaboration and communications, facilitate the elicitation and management of volatile requirements. However, current Agile practices work in a well-defined environment. It is necessary to have a co-located customer. With distributed development it is not always possible to realize this co-location. In this environment a suitable process, possibly supported by tools, is required to support changing requirements. This paper introduces the issues of concern when managing requirements in a distributed environment and describes work done at the Software Technology Research Centre as part of the NOMAD project.
Abstract: A passive system "Qanat" is collection of some
underground wells. A mother-well was dug in a place far from the
city where they could reach to the water table maybe 100 meters
underground, they dug other wells to direct water toward the city,
with minimum possible gradient. Using the slope of the earth they
could bring water close to the surface in the city. The source of water
or the appearance of Qanat, land slope and the ownership lines are
the important and effective factors in the formation of routes and the
segment division of lands to the extent that making use of Qanat as
the techniques of extracting underground waters creates a channel of
routes with an organic order and hierarchy coinciding the slope of
land and it also guides the Qanat waters in the tradition texture of salt
desert and border provinces of it. Qanats are excavated in a specified
distinction from each other. The quantity of water provided by
Qanats depends on the kind of land, distance from mountain,
geographical situation of them and the rate of water supply from the
underground land. The rate of underground waters, possibility of
Qanat excavation, number of Qanats and rate of their water supply
from one hand and the quantity of cultivable fertile lands from the
other hand are the important natural factors making the size of cities.
In the same manner the cities with several Qanats have multi central
textures. The location of cities is in direct relation with land quality,
soil fertility and possibility of using underground water by excavating
Qanats. Observing the allowable distance for Qanat watering is a
determining factor for distance between villages and cities.
Topography, land slope, soil quality, watering system, ownership,
kind of cultivation, etc. are the effective factors in directing Qanats
for excavation and guiding water toward the cultivable lands and it
also causes the formation of different textures in land division of
farming provinces. Several divisions such as orderly and wide, inorderly,
thin and long, comb like, etc. are the introduction to organic
order. And at the same time they are complete coincidence with
environmental conditions in the typical development of ecological
architecture and planning in the traditional cities and settlements
order.
Abstract: Recent developments in Soft computing techniques,
power electronic switches and low-cost computational hardware have
made it possible to design and implement sophisticated control
strategies for sensorless speed control of AC motor drives. Such an
attempt has been made in this work, for Sensorless Speed Control of
Induction Motor (IM) by means of Direct Torque Fuzzy Control
(DTFC), PI-type fuzzy speed regulator and MRAS speed estimator
strategy, which is absolutely nonlinear in its nature. Direct torque
control is known to produce quick and robust response in AC drive
system. However, during steady state, torque, flux and current ripple
occurs. So, the performance of conventional DTC with PI speed
regulator can be improved by implementing fuzzy logic techniques.
Certain important issues in design including the space vector
modulated (SVM) 3-Ф voltage source inverter, DTFC design,
generation of reference torque using PI-type fuzzy speed regulator
and sensor less speed estimator have been resolved. The proposed
scheme is validated through extensive numerical simulations on
MATLAB. The simulated results indicate the sensor less speed
control of IM with DTFC and PI-type fuzzy speed regulator provides
satisfactory high dynamic and static performance compare to
conventional DTC with PI speed regulator.
Abstract: Agricultural residue such as oil palm fronds (OPF) is
cheap, widespread and available throughout the year. Hemicelluloses
extracted from OPF can be hydrolyzed to their monomers and used in
production of xylooligosaccharides (XOs). The objective of the
present study was to optimize the enzymatic hydrolysis process of
OPF hemicellulose by varying pH, temperature, enzyme and substrate
concentration for production of XOs. Hemicelluloses was extracted
from OPF by using 3 M potassium hydroxide (KOH) at temperature of
40°C for 4 hrs and stirred at 400 rpm. The hemicellulose was then
hydrolyzed using Trichoderma longibrachiatum xylanase at different
pH, temperature, enzyme and substrate concentration. XOs were
characterized based on reducing sugar determination. The optimum
conditions to produced XOs from OPF hemicellulose was obtained at
pH 4.6, temperature of 40°C , enzyme concentration of 2 U/mL and
2% substrate concentration. The results established the suitability of
oil palm fronds as raw material for production of XOs.
Abstract: In rail vehicles, air springs are very important isolating component, which guarantee good ride comfort for passengers during their trip. In the most new rail–vehicle models, developed by researchers, the thermo–dynamical effects of air springs are ignored and secondary suspension is modeled by simple springs and dampers. As the performance of suspension components have significant effects on rail–vehicle dynamics and ride comfort of passengers, a complete nonlinear thermo–dynamical air spring model, which is a combination of two different models, is introduced. Result from field test shows remarkable agreement between proposed model and experimental data. Effects of air suspension parameters on the system performances are investigated here and then these parameters are tuned to minimize Sperling ride comfort index during the trip. Results showed that by modification of air suspension parameters, passengers comfort is improved and ride comfort index is reduced about 10%.
Abstract: The compression-absorption heat pump (C-A HP), one
of the promising heat recovery equipments that make process hot
water using low temperature heat of wastewater, was evaluated by
computer simulation. A simulation program was developed based on
the continuity and the first and second laws of thermodynamics. Both
the absorber and desorber were modeled using UA-LMTD method. In
order to prevent an unfeasible temperature profile and to reduce
calculation errors from the curved temperature profile of a mixture,
heat loads were divided into lots of segments. A single-stage
compressor was considered. A compressor cooling load was also
taken into account. An isentropic efficiency was computed from the
map data. Simulation conditions were given based on the system
consisting of ordinarily designed components. The simulation results
show that most of the total entropy generation occurs during the
compression and cooling process, thus suggesting the possibility that
system performance can be enhanced if a rectifier is introduced.
Abstract: This article presents the developments of efficient
algorithms for tablet copies comparison. Image recognition has
specialized use in digital systems such as medical imaging,
computer vision, defense, communication etc. Comparison between
two images that look indistinguishable is a formidable task. Two
images taken from different sources might look identical but due to
different digitizing properties they are not. Whereas small variation
in image information such as cropping, rotation, and slight
photometric alteration are unsuitable for based matching
techniques. In this paper we introduce different matching
algorithms designed to facilitate, for art centers, identifying real
painting images from fake ones. Different vision algorithms for
local image features are implemented using MATLAB. In this
framework a Table Comparison Computer Tool “TCCT" is
designed to facilitate our research. The TCCT is a Graphical Unit
Interface (GUI) tool used to identify images by its shapes and
objects. Parameter of vision system is fully accessible to user
through this graphical unit interface. And then for matching, it
applies different description technique that can identify exact
figures of objects.
Abstract: In this paper we propose a Multiple Description Image Coding(MDIC) scheme to generate two compressed and balanced rates descriptions in the wavelet domain (Daubechies biorthogonal (9, 7) wavelet) using pairwise correlating transform optimal and application method for Generalized Multiple Description Coding (GMDC) to image coding in the wavelet domain. The GMDC produces statistically correlated streams such that lost streams can be estimated from the received data. Our performance test shown that the proposed method gives more improvement and good quality of the reconstructed image when the wavelet coefficients are normalized by Gaussian Scale Mixture (GSM) model then the Gaussian one ,.
Abstract: The photochemical and photo-Fenton oxidation of 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol was performed in a batch reactor, at room temperature, using UV radiation, H2O2 as oxidant, and Fenton-s reagent. The effect of the oxidative agent-s initial concentration was investigated as well as the effect of the initial concentration of Fe(II) by following the target compound degradation, the total organic carbon removal and the chloride ion production. Also, from the kinetic analysis conducted and proposed reaction scheme it was deduced that the addition of Fe(II) significantly increases the production and the further oxidation of the chlorinated intermediates.
Abstract: Today, the working areas put forward the administration of change. In order to provide this; it is required from the organizations to be creative. Professional creativity in offices depends on an environment that enables the development of the organization only after the individual or collective exertions within the organization. By providing this environment, the organization will gain efficiency, productivity, and work pleasure. In order to bring up the workforce appropriate to the related expectations, the professional creativity of the office management and secretarial profession candidates should be evaluated, education programs appropriate to this and related directly with the service quality should be prepared and the future of this profession should be directed. The aim of this study is to ensure the attention to improve the prepared education program as well as the creative thoughts and their applications, when carrying out an office management and secretarial training. 144 students took place in this research and a questionnaire of 48 questions was carried out.
Abstract: This paper addresses the development of an intelligent vision system for human-robot interaction. The two novel contributions of this paper are 1) Detection of human faces and 2) Localizing the eye. The method is based on visual attributes of human skin colors and geometrical analysis of face skeleton. This paper introduces a spatial domain filtering method named ?Fuzzily skewed filter' which incorporates Fuzzy rules for deciding the gray level of pixels in the image in their neighborhoods and takes advantages of both the median and averaging filters. The effectiveness of the method has been justified over implementing the eye tracking commands to an entertainment robot, named ''AIBO''.
Abstract: In the proposed method for Web page-ranking, a
novel theoretic model is introduced and tested by examples of order
relationships among IP addresses. Ranking is induced using a
convexity feature, which is learned according to these examples
using a self-organizing procedure. We consider the problem of selforganizing
learning from IP data to be represented by a semi-random
convex polygon procedure, in which the vertices correspond to IP
addresses. Based on recent developments in our regularization
theory for convex polygons and corresponding Euclidean distance
based methods for classification, we develop an algorithmic
framework for learning ranking functions based on a Computational
Geometric Theory. We show that our algorithm is generic, and
present experimental results explaining the potential of our approach.
In addition, we explain the generality of our approach by showing its
possible use as a visualization tool for data obtained from diverse
domains, such as Public Administration and Education.
Abstract: Photoselective plastic films with thermic properties
are now available so that greenhouses clad with such plastics exhibit
a higher degree of “Greenhouse Effect” with a consequent increase in
night time temperature. In this study, we investigate the potential
benefits of a range of thermic plastic films used as greenhouse cover
materials on the vegetative and reproductive growth and development
of Iceberg lettuce (Lactuca sativa L). Transplants were grown under
thermic films and destructively harvested 4, 5, and 6 weeks after
transplanting. Thermic films can increase night temperatures up to 2
⁰C reducing the wide fluctuation in greenhouse temperature during
winter compared to the standard commercial film and consequently
increased the yield (leaf number, fresh weight, and dry weight) of
lettuce plants. Lettuce plants grown under Clear film respond to cold
stress by the accumulation of secondary products (phenolics, and
flavonoids).
Abstract: Fruits and vegetables are the essentials of a healthy
diet, mainly because of their antioxidant properties contributing to
disease blockage especially for some certain types of cancer. Being a
favourite fruit, citrus are produced for economic and commercial
purposes worldwide. Particularly, lemon fruit (Citrus limon L.), has
an important place in export products of Turkey. Lemon has a great
importance on human nutrition with regard to being a source of
nutrients, flavonoids, vitamin C and minerals. It is used for food
flavouring and pickling and also processed for lemonade. By
processing citrus into fruit juices, consumption may increase and also
become easier. Like many fruits and vegetables lemons are cheap and
abundant during harvesting period, while they are quite expensive in
other seasons. Lemon juice and concentrate production allows
consumers to get benefits from lemon fruit in any time of the year.
Lemonade is getting in to the focus of consumers’ attention
preferring non-carbonated drinks. The demand of healthy, convenient
functional foods affects consumer trends through innovative
products. For this reason, lemonade could be enriched with different
natural herb extracts such as ginger (Zingiber officinale), linden (Tilia
cordata), and mint (Mentha piperita).
Abstract: The reliable results of an insulated oval duct
considering heat radiation are obtained basing on accurate oval
perimeter obtained by integral method as well as one-dimensional
Plane Wedge Thermal Resistance (PWTR) model. This is an extension
study of former paper of insulated oval duct neglecting heat radiation.
It is found that in the practical situations with long-short-axes ratio a/b
4.5% while t/R2
Abstract: An attempt in this paper proposes a re-modification to
the minimum moment approach of resource leveling which is a modified minimum moment approach to the traditional method by
Harris. The method is based on critical path method. The new approach suggests the difference between the methods in the
selection criteria of activity which needs to be shifted for leveling resource histogram. In traditional method, the improvement factor
found first to select the activity for each possible day of shifting. In
modified method maximum value of the product of Resources Rate
and Free Float was found first and improvement factor is then
calculated for that activity which needs to be shifted. In the proposed
method the activity to be selected first for shifting is based on the largest value of resource rate. The process is repeated for all the
remaining activities for possible shifting to get updated histogram.
The proposed method significantly reduces the number of iterations
and is easier for manual computations.
Abstract: In this paper a new concept of partial complement of a graph G is introduced and using the same a new graph parameter, called completion number of a graph G, denoted by c(G) is defined. Some basic properties of graph parameter, completion number, are studied and upperbounds for completion number of classes of graphs are obtained , the paper includes the characterization also.
Abstract: Nuclear matrix protein 22 (NMP22) is a FDA approved
biomarker for bladder cancer. The objective of this study is to develop
a simple NMP22 immumosensor (NMP22-IMS) for accurate
measurement of NMP22. The NMP22-IMS was constructed with
NMP22 antibody immobilized on screen-printed carbon electrodes.
The construction procedures and antibody immobilization are simple.
Results showed that the NMP22-IMS has an excellent (r2³0.95)
response range (20 – 100 ng/mL). In conclusion, a simple and reliable
NMP22-IMS was developed, capable of precisely determining urine
NMP22 level.