Abstract: In this paper a new concept of partial complement of a graph G is introduced and using the same a new graph parameter, called completion number of a graph G, denoted by c(G) is defined. Some basic properties of graph parameter, completion number, are studied and upperbounds for completion number of classes of graphs are obtained , the paper includes the characterization also.
Abstract: Non-uniform current distribution in polymer
electrolyte membrane fuel cells results in local over-heating,
accelerated ageing, and lower power output than expected. This
issue is very critical when fuel cell experiences water flooding. In
this work, the performance of a PEM fuel cell is investigated under
cathode flooding conditions. Two-dimensional partially flooded
GDL models based on the conservation laws and electrochemical
relations are proposed to study local current density distributions
along flow fields over a wide range of cell operating conditions.
The model results show a direct association between cathode inlet
humidity increases and that of average current density but the
system becomes more sensitive to flooding. The anode inlet
relative humidity shows a similar effect. Operating the cell at
higher temperatures would lead to higher average current densities
and the chance of system being flooded is reduced. In addition,
higher cathode stoichiometries prevent system flooding but the
average current density remains almost constant. The higher anode
stoichiometry leads to higher average current density and higher
sensitivity to cathode flooding.
Abstract: In this paper, a study on the applications of the
optimization and regression techniques for optimal calculation of
partial ratios of helical gearboxes with second-step double gear-sets
for minimal cross section dimension is introduced. From the condition
of the moment equilibrium of a mechanic system including three gear
units and their regular resistance condition, models for calculation of
the partial ratios of helical gearboxes with second-step double
gear-sets were given. Especially, by regression analysis, explicit
models for calculation of the partial ratios are introduced. These
models allow determining the partial ratios accurately and simply.
Abstract: In this paper a new concept of partial complement of a graph G is introduced and using the same a new graph parameter, called completion number of a graph G, denoted by c(G) is defined. Some basic properties of graph parameter, completion number, are studied and upperbounds for completion number of classes of graphs are obtained , the paper includes the characterization also.
Abstract: In recent years demolished concrete waste handling and management is the new primary challenging issue faced by the countries all over the world. It is very challenging and hectic problem that has to be tackled in an indigenous manner, it is desirable to completely recycle demolished concrete waste in order to protect natural resources and reduce environmental pollution. In this research paper an experimental study is carried out to investigate the feasibility and recycling of demolished waste concrete for new construction. The present investigation to be focused on recycling demolished waste materials in order to reduce construction cost and resolving housing problems faced by the low income communities of the world. The crushed demolished concrete wastes is segregated by sieving to obtain required sizes of aggregate, several tests were conducted to determine the aggregate properties before recycling it into new concrete. This research shows that the recycled aggregate that are obtained from site make good quality concrete. The compressive strength test results of partial replacement and full recycled aggregate concrete and are found to be higher than the compressive strength of normal concrete with new aggregate.
Abstract: The flow field over a three dimensional pole barn
characterized by a cylindrical roof has been numerically investigated.
Wind pressure and viscous loads acting on the agricultural building
have been analyzed for several incoming wind directions, so as to
evaluate the most critical load condition on the structure. A constant
wind velocity profile, based on the maximum reference wind speed in
the building site (peak gust speed worked out for 50 years return
period) and on the local roughness coefficient, has been simulated.
In order to contemplate also the hazard due to potential air
wedging between the stored hay and the lower part of the ceiling, the
effect of a partial filling of the barn has been investigated.
The distribution of wind-induced loads on the structure have been
determined, allowing a numerical quantification of the effect of wind
direction on the induced stresses acting on a hemicylindrical roof.
Abstract: During the last couple of years, the degree of dependence on IT systems has reached a dimension nobody imagined to be possible 10 years ago. The increased usage of mobile devices (e.g., smart phones), wireless sensor networks and embedded devices (Internet of Things) are only some examples of the dependency of modern societies on cyber space. At the same time, the complexity of IT applications, e.g., because of the increasing use of cloud computing, is rising continuously. Along with this, the threats to IT security have increased both quantitatively and qualitatively, as recent examples like STUXNET or the supposed cyber attack on Illinois water system are proofing impressively. Once isolated control systems are nowadays often publicly available - a fact that has never been intended by the developers. Threats to IT systems don’t care about areas of responsibility. Especially with regard to Cyber Warfare, IT threats are no longer limited to company or industry boundaries, administrative jurisdictions or state boundaries. One of the important countermeasures is increased cooperation among the participants especially in the field of Cyber Defence. Besides political and legal challenges, there are technical ones as well. A better, at least partially automated exchange of information is essential to (i) enable sophisticated situational awareness and to (ii) counter the attacker in a coordinated way. Therefore, this publication performs an evaluation of state of the art Intrusion Detection Message Exchange protocols in order to guarantee a secure information exchange between different entities.
Abstract: The halophilic proteinase showed a maximal activity
at 50°C and pH 9~10, in 20% NaCl and was highly stabilized by
NaCl. It was able to hydrolyse natural actomyosin (NAM), collagen
and anchovy protein. For NAM hydrolysis, the myosin heavy chain
was completely digested by halophilic proteinase as evidenced by the
lowest band intensity remaining, but partially hydrolysed actin. The
SR5-3 proteinase was also capable hydrolyzing two major
components of collagen, β- and α-compounds, effectively. The
degree of hydrolysis (DH) of the halophilic proteinase and
commercial proteinases (Novozyme, Neutrase, chymotrypsin and
Flavourzyme) on the anchovy protein, were compared, and it was
found that the proteinase showed a greater degree of hydrolysis
towards anchovy protein than that from commercial proteinases. DH
of halophilic proteinase was sharply enhanced according to the
increase in the concentration of enzyme from 0.035 U to 0.105 U.
The results warranting that the acceleration of the production of fish
sauce with higher quality, may be achieved by adding of the
halophilic proteinase from this bacterium.
Abstract: This paper analyzes the extent to which the justices of
the U.S. Supreme Court cast votes that support the positions of the
president, or more generally the Executive Branch. Can presidents
count on such deference from those justices they nominate or those
whom are nominated by other presidents of the same party? Or, do
the justices demonstrate judicial independence and impartiality such
that they are not so predisposed to vote in favor of arguments of their
nominating president-s party? The results suggest that while in
general the justices do not exhibit any marked tendency to partisan
support of presidents, more recent and conservative Supreme Court
justices are significantly more likely to support Republican
presidents.
Abstract: This paper provides a framework in order to
incorporate reliability issue as a sign of disruption in distribution
systems and partial covering theory as a response to limitation in
coverage radios and economical preferences, simultaneously into the
traditional literatures of capacitated facility location problems. As a
result we develop a bi-objective model based on the discrete
scenarios for expected cost minimization and demands coverage
maximization through a three echelon supply chain network by
facilitating multi-capacity levels for provider side layers and
imposing gradual coverage function for distribution centers (DCs).
Additionally, in spite of objectives aggregation for solving the model
through LINGO software, a branch of LP-Metric method called Min-
Max approach is proposed and different aspects of corresponds
model will be explored.
Abstract: This paper analyses the unsteady, two-dimensional
stagnation point flow of an incompressible viscous fluid over a flat
sheet when the flow is started impulsively from rest and at the same
time, the sheet is suddenly stretched in its own plane with a velocity
proportional to the distance from the stagnation point. The partial
differential equations governing the laminar boundary layer forced
convection flow are non-dimensionalised using semi-similar
transformations and then solved numerically using an implicit finitedifference
scheme known as the Keller-box method. Results
pertaining to the flow and heat transfer characteristics are computed
for all dimensionless time, uniformly valid in the whole spatial region
without any numerical difficulties. Analytical solutions are also
obtained for both small and large times, respectively representing the
initial unsteady and final steady state flow and heat transfer.
Numerical results indicate that the velocity ratio parameter is found
to have a significant effect on skin friction and heat transfer rate at
the surface. Furthermore, it is exposed that there is a smooth
transition from the initial unsteady state flow (small time solution) to
the final steady state (large time solution).
Abstract: Design of Converter transformer insulation is a major
challenge. The insulation of these transformers is stressed by both
AC and DC voltages. Particle contamination is one of the major
problems in insulation structures, as they generate partial discharges
leading it to major failure of insulation. Similarly corona discharges
occur in transformer insulation. This partial discharge due to particle
movement / corona formation in insulation structure under different
voltage wave shapes, are different. In the present study, UHF
technique is adopted to understand the discharge activity and could
be realized that the characteristics of UHF signal generated under
low and high fields are different. In the case of corona generated
signal, the frequency content of the UHF sensor output lies in the
range 0.3-1.2 GHz and is not much varied except for its increase in
magnitude of discharge with the increase in applied voltage. It is
realized that the current signal injected due to partial
discharges/corona is about 4ns duration measured for first one half
cycle. Wavelet technique is adopted in the present study. It allows
one to identify the frequency content present in the signal at different
instant of time. The STD-MRA analysis helps one to identify the
frequency band in which the energy content of the UHF signal is
maximum.
Abstract: Support Vector Machine (SVM) is a statistical
learning tool that was initially developed by Vapnik in 1979 and later
developed to a more complex concept of structural risk minimization
(SRM). SVM is playing an increasing role in applications to
detection problems in various engineering problems, notably in
statistical signal processing, pattern recognition, image analysis, and
communication systems. In this paper, SVM was applied to the
detection of SAR (synthetic aperture radar) images in the presence of
partially developed speckle noise. The simulation was done for single
look and multi-look speckle models to give a complete overlook and
insight to the new proposed model of the SVM-based detector. The
structure of the SVM was derived and applied to real SAR images
and its performance in terms of the mean square error (MSE) metric
was calculated. We showed that the SVM-detected SAR images have
a very low MSE and are of good quality. The quality of the
processed speckled images improved for the multi-look model.
Furthermore, the contrast of the SVM detected images was higher
than that of the original non-noisy images, indicating that the SVM
approach increased the distance between the pixel reflectivity levels
(the detection hypotheses) in the original images.
Abstract: QoS routing is an important component of Traffic
Engineering in networks that provide QoS guarantees. QoS routing is dependent on the link state information which is typically flooded across the network. This affects both the quality
of the routing and the utilization of the network resources. In
this paper, we examine establishing QoS routes with partial state
updates in wired sensor networks.
Abstract: The objective of this study is to evaluate the threshold
stress of the clay with sand subgrade soil. Threshold stress can be
defined as the stress level above which cyclic loading leads to
excessive deformation and eventual failure. The thickness
determination of highways formations using the threshold stress
approach is a more realistic assessment of the soil behaviour because
it is subjected to repeated loadings from moving vehicles. Threshold
stress can be evaluated by plastic strain criterion, which is based on
the accumulated plastic strain behaviour during cyclic loadings [1].
Several conditions of the all-round pressure the subgrade soil namely,
zero confinement, low all-round pressure and high all-round pressure
are investigated. The threshold stresses of various soil conditions are
determined. Threshold stress of the soil are 60%, 31% and 38.6% for
unconfined partially saturated sample, low effective stress saturated
sample, high effective stress saturated sample respectively.
Abstract: In this paper, we propose a novel fast search algorithm for short MPEG video clips from video database. This algorithm is based on the adjacent pixel intensity difference quantization (APIDQ) algorithm, which had been reliably applied to human face recognition previously. An APIDQ histogram is utilized as the feature vector of the frame image. Instead of fully decompressed video frames, partially decoded data, namely DC images are utilized. Combined with active search [4], a temporal pruning algorithm, fast and robust video search can be realized. The proposed search algorithm has been evaluated by 6 hours of video to search for given 200 MPEG video clips which each length is 15 seconds. Experimental results show the proposed algorithm can detect the similar video clip in merely 80ms, and Equal Error Rate (ERR) of 3 % is achieved, which is more accurately and robust than conventional fast video search algorithm.
Abstract: The paper describes the carbonate microfacies identified in the Sinjar Formation (Late Paleocene–Early Eocene) cropping out in Qara Dagh Mountain, near Sulekan Village approximately 20km south–west of Sulaimani (Iraq). One section (62m thick) has been measured in the field and closely sampled to undertake detailed microfaciesal and micropalaeontological studies to determine the formation-s age and environment of deposition. A samples were collected illustrating all the lithological changes along the section. The limestone in the studied area is hard and extremely rich in large foraminifers (soritids, rotaliids, nummulites, miliolids) and green algae (dasycladales). The investigation of the thin sections allowed us to identify the carbonate microfacies (18 types and subtypes) and the micropaleontological association (foraminifers and green algae), to determine the age of formation and to reconstruct the paleoenvironment of deposition (fore-reef, reef, back-reef). Based on the field observations and the studied thin sections, we determined three Units of a carbonate platform (I, II and III) from the base to the top of the section: Unit I with coralgal associations, Unit II is dominated by larger foraminifers and haracterized by the absence of coralgal associations, while Unit III is dominated by small foraminifers (mostly miliolids), peloids and green algae. It is partially dolomitized.
Abstract: Optical Bursts Switching (OBS) is a relatively new
optical switching paradigm. Contention and burst loss in OBS
networks are major concerns. To resolve contentions, an interesting
alternative to discarding the entire data burst is to partially drop the
burst. Partial burst dropping is based on burst segmentation concept
that its implementation is constrained by some technical challenges,
besides the complexity added to the algorithms and protocols on both
edge and core nodes. In this paper, the burst segmentation concept is
investigated, and an implementation scheme is proposed and
evaluated. An appropriate dropping policy that effectively manages
the size of the segmented data bursts is presented. The dropping
policy is further supported by a new control packet format that
provides constant transmission overhead.
Abstract: This paper proposes a set of quasi-static mathematical
model of magnetic fields caused by high voltage conductors of
distribution transformer by using a set of second-order partial
differential equation. The modification for complex magnetic field
analysis and time-harmonic simulation are also utilized. In this
research, transformers were study in both balanced and unbalanced
loading conditions. Computer-based simulation utilizing the threedimensional
finite element method (3-D FEM) is exploited as a tool
for visualizing magnetic fields distribution volume a distribution
transformer. Finite Element Method (FEM) is one among popular
numerical methods that is able to handle problem complexity in
various forms. At present, the FEM has been widely applied in most
engineering fields. Even for problems of magnetic field distribution,
the FEM is able to estimate solutions of Maxwell-s equations
governing the power transmission systems. The computer simulation
based on the use of the FEM has been developed in MATLAB
programming environment.
Abstract: Recently, the findings on the MEG iterative scheme has demonstrated to accelerate the convergence rate in solving any system of linear equations generated by using approximation equations of boundary value problems. Based on the same scheme, the aim of this paper is to investigate the capability of a family of four-point block iterative methods with a weighted parameter, ω such as the 4 Point-EGSOR, 4 Point-EDGSOR, and 4 Point-MEGSOR in solving two-dimensional elliptic partial differential equations by using the second-order finite difference approximation. In fact, the formulation and implementation of three four-point block iterative methods are also presented. Finally, the experimental results show that the Four Point MEGSOR iterative scheme is superior as compared with the existing four point block schemes.