Abstract: China is currently the world's largest producer and distributor of electric bicycle (e-bike). The increasing number of e-bikes on the road is accompanied by rising injuries and even deaths of e-bike drivers. Therefore, there is a growing need to improve the safety structure of e-bikes. This 3D frictionless contact analysis is a preliminary, but necessary work for further structural design improvement of an e-bike. The contact analysis between e-bike and the ground was carried out as follows: firstly, the Penalty method was illustrated and derived from the simplest spring-mass system. This is one of the most common methods to satisfy the frictionless contact case; secondly, ANSYS static analysis was carried out to verify finite element (FE) models with contact pair (without friction) between e-bike and the ground; finally, ANSYS transient analysis was used to obtain the data of the penetration p(u) of e-bike with respect to the ground. Results obtained from the simulation are as estimated by comparing with that from theoretical method. In the future, protective shell will be designed following the stability criteria and added to the frame of e-bike. Simulation of side falling of the improvedsafety structure of e-bike will be confirmed with experimental data.
Abstract: Wind energy offers a significant advantage such as no
fuel costs and no emissions from generation. However, wind energy
sources are variable and non-dispatchable. The utility grid is able to
accommodate the variability of wind in smaller proportion along with
the daily load. However, at high penetration levels, the variability can
severely impact the utility reserve requirements and the cost
associated with it. In this paper the impact of wind energy is
evaluated in detail in formulating the total utility cost. The objective
is to minimize the overall cost of generation while ensuring the
proper management of the load. Overall cost includes the curtailment
cost, reserve cost and the reliability cost, as well as any other penalty
imposed by the regulatory authority. Different levels of wind
penetrations are explored and the cost impacts are evaluated. As the
penetration level increases significantly, the reliability becomes a
critical question to be answered. Here we increase the penetration
from the wind yet keep the reliability factor within the acceptable
limit provided by NERC. This paper uses an economic dispatch (ED)
model to incorporate wind generation into the power grid. Power
system costs are analyzed at various wind penetration levels using
Linear Programming. The goal of this study is show how the
increases in wind generation will affect power system economics.
Abstract: Constructing a portfolio of investments is one of the
most significant financial decisions facing individuals and
institutions. In accordance with the modern portfolio theory
maximization of return at minimal risk should be the investment goal
of any successful investor. In addition, the costs incurred when
setting up a new portfolio or rebalancing an existing portfolio must
be included in any realistic analysis.
In this paper rebalancing an investment portfolio in the presence of
transaction costs on the Croatian capital market is analyzed. The
model applied in the paper is an extension of the standard portfolio
mean-variance optimization model in which transaction costs are
incurred to rebalance an investment portfolio. This model allows
different costs for different securities, and different costs for buying
and selling. In order to find efficient portfolio, using this model, first,
the solution of quadratic programming problem of similar size to the
Markowitz model, and then the solution of a linear programming
problem have to be found. Furthermore, in the paper the impact of
transaction costs on the efficient frontier is investigated. Moreover, it
is shown that global minimum variance portfolio on the efficient
frontier always has the same level of the risk regardless of the amount
of transaction costs. Although efficient frontier position depends of
both transaction costs amount and initial portfolio it can be concluded
that extreme right portfolio on the efficient frontier always contains
only one stock with the highest expected return and the highest risk.
Abstract: This study aims to investigate the possibility of crime
prevention through CCTV by analyzing the appropriateness of the
CCTV location, whether it is installed in the hotspot of crime-prone
areas, and exploring the crime prevention effect and transition effect.
The real crime and CCTV locations of case city were converted into
the spatial data by using GIS. The data was analyzed by hotspot
analysis and weighted displacement quotient (WDQ). As study
methods, it analyzed existing relevant studies for identifying the trends
of CCTV and crime studies based on big data from 1800 to 2014 and
understanding the relation between CCTV and crime. Second, it
investigated the current situation of nationwide CCTVs and analyzed
the guidelines of CCTV installation and operation to draw attention to
the problems and indicating points of CCTV use. Third, it investigated
the crime occurrence in case areas and the current situation of CCTV
installation in the spatial aspects, and analyzed the appropriateness and
effectiveness of CCTV installation to suggest a rational installation of
CCTV and the strategic direction of crime prevention. The results
demonstrate that there was no significant effect in the installation of
CCTV on crime prevention in the case area. This indicates that CCTV
should be installed and managed in a more scientific way reflecting
local crime situations. In terms of CCTV, the methods of spatial
analysis such as GIS, which can evaluate the installation effect, and the
methods of economic analysis like cost-benefit analysis should be
developed. In addition, these methods should be distributed to local
governments across the nation for the appropriate installation of
CCTV and operation. This study intended to find a design guideline of
the optimum CCTV installation. In this regard, this study is
meaningful in that it will contribute to the creation of a safe city.
Abstract: It has become an increasing evident that large
development influences the climate. There are concerns that rising
temperature over developed areas could have negative impact and
increase living discomfort within city boundaries. Temperature trends
in Ibadan city have received little attention, yet the area has
experienced heavy urban expansion between 1972 and 2014. This
research aims at examining the impact of landuse change on surface
temperature knowing that the built-up environment absorb and store
solar energy, resulting into the Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect. The
Landsat imagery was used to examine the landuse change for a
period of 42 years (1972-2014). Land Surface Temperature (LST)
was obtained by converting the thermal band to a surface temperature
map and zonal statistic analyses was used to examine the relationship
between landuse and temperature emission. The results showed that
the settlement area increased to a large extent while the area covered
by vegetation reduced during the study period. The spatial and
temporal trends of surface temperature are related to the gradual
change in urban landuse/landcover and the settlement area has the
highest emission. This research provides useful insight into the
temporal behavior of the Ibadan city.
Abstract: A Disaster Management System (DMS) is very important for countries with multiple disasters, such as Chile. In the world (also in Chile)different disasters (earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanic eruption, fire or other natural or man-made disasters) happen and have an effect on the population. It is also possible that two or more disasters occur at the same time. This meansthata multi-risk situation must be mastered. To handle such a situation a Decision Support System (DSS) based on multiagents is a suitable architecture. The most known DMSs are concernedwith only a singledisaster (sometimes thecombination of earthquake and tsunami) and often with a particular disaster. Nevertheless, a DSS helps for a better real-time response. Analyze the existing systems in the literature and expand them for multi-risk disasters to construct a well-organized system is the proposal of our work. The here shown work is an approach of a multi-risk system, which needs an architecture and well defined aims. In this moment our study is a kind of case study to analyze the way we have to follow to create our proposed system in the future.
Abstract: Concrete is found to undergo degradation when
subjected to elevated temperatures and loose substantial amount of its
strength. The loss of strength in concrete is mainly attributed to
decomposition of C-S-H and release of physically and chemically
bound water, which begins when the exposure temperature exceeds
100°C. When such a concrete comes in contact with moisture, the
cement paste is found rehydrate and considerable amount of strength
lost is found to recover. This paper presents results of an
experimental program carried out to investigate the effect of recuring
on strength gain of OPC concrete specimens subjected to elevated
temperatures from 200°C to 800°C, which were subjected to
retention time of two hours and four hours at the designated
temperature. Strength recoveries for concrete subjected to 7
designated elevated temperatures are compared. It is found that the
efficacy of recuring as a measure of strength recovery reduces with
increase in exposure temperature.
Abstract: Experimental & numeral study of temperature
distribution during milling process, is important in milling quality
and tools life aspects. In the present study the milling cross-section
temperature is determined by using Artificial Neural Networks
(ANN) according to the temperature of certain points of the work
piece and the point specifications and the milling rotational speed of
the blade. In the present work, at first three-dimensional model of the
work piece is provided and then by using the Computational Heat
Transfer (CHT) simulations, temperature in different nods of the
work piece are specified in steady-state conditions. Results obtained
from CHT are used for training and testing the ANN approach. Using
reverse engineering and setting the desired x, y, z and the milling
rotational speed of the blade as input data to the network, the milling
surface temperature determined by neural network is presented as
output data. The desired points temperature for different milling
blade rotational speed are obtained experimentally and by
extrapolation method for the milling surface temperature is obtained
and a comparison is performed among the soft programming ANN,
CHT results and experimental data and it is observed that ANN soft
programming code can be used more efficiently to determine the
temperature in a milling process.
Abstract: The concept of technology as well as itself has
evolved continuously over time, such that, nowadays, this concept is
still marked by myths and realities. Even the concept of science is
frequently misunderstood as technology. In this way, this paper
presents different forms of interpretation of the concept of technology
in the course of history, as well as the social and cultural aspects
associated with it, through an analysis made by means of insights
from sociological studies of science and technology and its multiple
relations with society. Through the analysis of contents, the paper
presents a classification of how technology is interpreted in the social
sphere and search channel efforts to show how a broader
understanding can contribute to better interpretations of how
scientific and technological development influences the environment
in which we operate. The text also presents a particular point of view
for the interpretation of the concept from the analysis throughout the
whole work.
Abstract: The Ombudsman is a procedural mechanism that
provides a different approach of dispute resolution. The ombudsman
primarily deals with specific grievances from the public against
governmental injustice and misconduct. The ombudsman theory is
considered an important instrument to any democratic government.
This is true since it improves the transparency of the governmental
activities in a world in which executive power are rising. Many
countries have adopted the concept of Ombudsman but under
different terminologies. This paper will provide the different types of
Ombudsman and the common activities/processes of fulfilling their
mandates.
Abstract: The goal of image segmentation is to cluster pixels
into salient image regions. Segmentation could be used for object
recognition, occlusion boundary estimation within motion or stereo
systems, image compression, image editing, or image database lookup.
In this paper, we present a color image segmentation using
support vector machine (SVM) pixel classification. Firstly, the pixel
level color and texture features of the image are extracted and they
are used as input to the SVM classifier. These features are extracted
using the homogeneity model and Gabor Filter. With the extracted
pixel level features, the SVM Classifier is trained by using FCM
(Fuzzy C-Means).The image segmentation takes the advantage of
both the pixel level information of the image and also the ability of
the SVM Classifier. The Experiments show that the proposed method
has a very good segmentation result and a better efficiency, increases
the quality of the image segmentation compared with the other
segmentation methods proposed in the literature.
Abstract: The objectives of study are the following: To study
the way of life in terms of one hundred years co-existence of the
Muslim and local community in this area 2) To analyze factors affect
to this community with happy co-existence. The study requires
quantitative research to study a history together with the study of
humanity. The result of this study showed that the area of Petchburi
7 community is an ancient area which has owned by the Muslim for
almost 100 years. There is a sanctuary as & center of unity. Later
Bangkok becomes developed and provides more infrastructures like
motorway and other transportation: however, the owners of lands in
this community still keep their lands and build many buildings to run
business. With this purpose, there are many non-Muslim people come
to live here with co-existence. Not only are they convenient to work
but also easy to transport by sky train. There are factors that make
them live harmonious as following: 1) All Muslims in this area are
strict to follow their rules and allocate their community for business.
2) All people, who come and live here, are middle-aged and working
men and women. They, rent rooms closed to their work. 3) There are
Muslim food and desserts, especially Roti, the popular fried flour,
and local Chachak, tea originated from the south of Thailand. All
these food and desserts are famous for working men and women to
home and join after work 4) All Muslim in this area are independent
to lead their own lives although a society changes rapidly.
Abstract: In this paper, we regard as a coded transmission over a
frequency-selective channel. We plan to study analytically the
convergence of the turbo-detector using a maximum a posteriori
(MAP) equalizer and a MAP decoder. We demonstrate that the
densities of the maximum likelihood (ML) exchanged during the
iterations are e-symmetric and output-symmetric. Under the Gaussian
approximation, this property allows to execute a one-dimensional
scrutiny of the turbo-detector. By deriving the analytical terminology
of the ML distributions under the Gaussian approximation, we confirm
that the bit error rate (BER) performance of the turbo-detector
converges to the BER performance of the coded additive white
Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel at high signal to noise ratio (SNR),
for any frequency selective channel.
Abstract: Operations, maintenance and reliability of wind
turbines have received much attention over the years due to the rapid
expansion of wind farms. This paper explores early fault diagnosis
technique for a 5MW wind turbine system subjected to multiple
faults, where genetic optimization algorithm is employed to make the
residual sensitive to the faults, but robust against disturbances. The
proposed technique has a potential to reduce the downtime mostly
caused by the breakdown of components and exploit the productivity
consistency by providing timely fault alarms. Simulation results show
the effectiveness of the robust fault detection methods used under
Matlab/Simulink/Gatool environment.
Abstract: This paper proposes a mathematical model and
examines the performance of an exact algorithm for a location–
transportation problems in humanitarian relief. The model determines
the number and location of distribution centers in a relief network,
the amount of relief supplies to be stocked at each distribution center
and the vehicles to take the supplies to meet the needs of disaster
victims under capacity restriction, transportation and budgetary
constraints. The computational experiments are conducted on the
various sizes of problems that are generated. Branch and bound
algorithm is applied for these problems. The results show that this
algorithm can solve problem sizes of up to three candidate locations
with five demand points and one candidate location with up to twenty
demand points without premature termination.
Abstract: This research aimed to study about motivation for
students of Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University to follow and happily
live according to Sufficiency Economy Philosophy. Having collected
394 questionnaires, the result showed that most students had great
motivation to follow this philosophy at a high level, especially in
terms of righteousness in profession; besides, students’ determination
and intention to apply this philosophy in everyday lives was
impressive though the students’ families were not completely ready.
Each of students, in fact, consulted their families for plans of any
activities without tiredness and discouragement based on the saying,
“Where there’s a will, there’s a way.” On the part of universities life,
students interacted with society and created projects that supported
income to the community including exercises, sports, recreational
activities, and community services.
Abstract: Governments collect and produce large amounts of
data. Increasingly, governments worldwide have started to implement
open data initiatives and also launch open data portals to enable the
release of these data in open and reusable formats. Therefore, a large
number of open data repositories, catalogues and portals have been
emerging in the world. The greater availability of interoperable and
linkable open government data catalyzes secondary use of such data,
so they can be used for building useful applications which leverage
their value, allow insight, provide access to government services, and
support transparency. The efficient development of successful open
data portals makes it necessary to evaluate them systematic, in order
to understand them better and assess the various types of value they
generate, and identify the required improvements for increasing this
value. Thus, the attention of this paper is directed particularly to the
field of open data portals. The main aim of this paper is to compare
the selected open data portals on the national level using content
analysis and propose a new evaluation framework, which further
improves the quality of these portals. It also establishes a set of
considerations for involving businesses and citizens to create eservices
and applications that leverage on the datasets available from
these portals.
Abstract: This study investigates the cleaning performance of
high intensity 360 kHz frequency on removal of nano-dimensional
and sub-micron particles from various surfaces, uniformity of the
cleaning tank and run to run variation of cleaning process. The
uniformity of the cleaning tank was measured by two different
methods i.e. 1. ppbTM meter and 2. Liquid Particle Counting (LPC)
technique. The result indicates that the energy was distributed more
uniformly throughout the entire cleaning vessel even at the corners
and edges of the tank when megasonic sweeping technology is
applied. The result also shows that rinsing the parts with 360 kHz
frequency at final rinse gives lower particle counts, hence higher
cleaning efficiency as compared to other frequencies. When
megasonic sweeping technology is applied each piezoelectric
transducers will operate at their optimum resonant frequency and
generates stronger acoustic cavitational force and higher acoustic
streaming velocity. These combined forces are helping to enhance the
particle removal and at the same time improve the overall cleaning
performance. The multiple extractions study was also carried out for
various frequencies to measure the cleaning potential and asymptote
value.
Abstract: Comparisons of financial development across
countries are central to answering many of the questions on factors
leading to economic development. For this reason this study analyzes
the implications of financial system’s development on country’s
economic development. The aim of the article: to analyze the impact
of financial system’s development on economic development. The
following research methods were used: systemic, logical and
comparative analysis of scientific literature, analysis of statistical
data, time series model (Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL)
Model). The empirical results suggest about positive short and long
term effect of stock market development on GDP per capita.
Abstract: For centuries humans have used the antimicrobial
properties of copper to their advantage. Yet, after all these years the
underlying mechanisms of copper mediated cell death in various
microbes remain unclear. We had explored the hypothesis that copper
mediated increased levels of lipid peroxidation in the membrane fatty
acids is responsible for increased killing in Escherichia coli. In this
study we show that in both gram positive (Staphylococcus aureus)
and gram negative (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) bacteria there is a
strong correlation between copper mediated cell death and increased
levels of lipid peroxidation. Interestingly, the non-spore forming
gram positive bacteria as well as gram negative bacteria show similar
patterns of cell death, increased levels of lipid peroxidation, as well
as genomic DNA degradation, however there is some difference in
loss in membrane integrity upon exposure to copper alloy surface.