Abstract: This research paper presents numerical studies of the
characteristics of warhead fragmentation in terms of initial velocities,
spray angles of fragments and fragment mass distribution of high
explosive (HE) warhead. The behavior of warhead fragmentation
depends on shape and size of warhead, thickness of casing, type of
explosive, number and position of detonator, and etc. This paper
focuses on the effects of material properties of warhead casing, i.e.
failure strain, initial yield and ultimate strength on the characteristics
of warhead fragmentation. It was found that initial yield and ultimate
strength of casing has minimal effects on the initial velocities and
spray angles of fragments. Moreover, a brittle warhead casing with
low failure strain tends to produce higher number of fragments with
less average fragment mass.
Abstract: Sensor relocation is to repair coverage holes caused by node failures. One way to repair coverage holes is to find redundant nodes to replace faulty nodes. Most researches took a long time to find redundant nodes since they randomly scattered redundant nodes around the sensing field. To record the precise position of sensor nodes, most researches assumed that GPS was installed in sensor nodes. However, high costs and power-consumptions of GPS are heavy burdens for sensor nodes. Thus, we propose a fast sensor relocation algorithm to arrange redundant nodes to form redundant walls without GPS. Redundant walls are constructed in the position where the average distance to each sensor node is the shortest. Redundant walls can guide sensor nodes to find redundant nodes in the minimum time. Simulation results show that our algorithm can find the proper redundant node in the minimum time and reduce the relocation time with low message complexity.
Abstract: The stone is a constituent part of the geological
structure of the Territory, introducing himself as a subject that has always interconnected human and environment in the development of a discourse of meanings and symbols that reflect elements realized in
different cultures and experiences.
This action meant that the first settlements and their areas of influence gained importance in the field of humanization and spatial
organization of the territory, not only for the appropriation that its
inhabitants did, but mainly because the community regardless of their
economic or social condition, used it as living space and cultural integration.
These factors become decisive in the characterization of the
landscape area in the northwest of Portugal, because the stone is a
material that appears not only in the natural landscape, but is also a strong element in humanized landscape, becoming this relation the
main characterization of the study area.
Abstract: This paper investigates experimental studies on
vibration suppression for a cantilever beam using an
Electro-Rheological (ER) sandwich shock absorber. ER fluid (ERF) is a
class of smart materials that can undergo significant reversible changes
immediately in its rheological and mechanical properties under the
influence of an applied electric field. Firstly, an ER sandwich beam is
fabricated by inserting a starch-based ERF into a hollow composite
beam. At the same time, experimental investigations are focused on the
frequency response of the ERF sandwich beam. Second, the ERF
sandwich beam is attached to a cantilever beam to become as a shock
absorber. Finally, a fuzzy semi-active vibration control is designed to
suppress the vibration of the cantilever beam via the ERF sandwich
shock absorber. To check the consistency of the proposed fuzzy
controller, the real-time implementation validated the performance of
the controller.
Abstract: In this paper, we present the region based hidden Markov random field model (RBHMRF), which encodes the characteristics of different brain regions into a probabilistic framework for brain MR image segmentation. The recently proposed TV+L1 model is used for region extraction. By utilizing different spatial characteristics in different brain regions, the RMHMRF model performs beyond the current state-of-the-art method, the hidden Markov random field model (HMRF), which uses identical spatial information throughout the whole brain. Experiments on both real and synthetic 3D MR images show that the segmentation result of the proposed method has higher accuracy compared to existing algorithms.
Abstract: Vermiculite was used to develop inorganic
carrier-based formulations of fluorescent pseudomonad strains
R62 and R81. The effect of bio-inoculation of fluorescent
pseudomonad strains R62 and R81 (plant growth promoting
and biocontrol agent) on growth responses of Vigna-mungo
under field condition was enumerated. The combined bioinoculation
of these two organisms in a formuation increased
the pods yield by 300% in comparison to the control crop.
There was also significant increment in the other plant growth
responses such as dry root weight, dry shoot weight, shoot
length and number of branches per plant.
Abstract: This paper compares Hilditch, Rosenfeld, Zhang-
Suen, dan Nagendraprasad Wang Gupta (NWG) thinning algorithms
for Javanese character image recognition. Thinning is an effective
process when the focus in not on the size of the pattern, but rather on
the relative position of the strokes in the pattern. The research
analyzes the thinning of 60 Javanese characters.
Time-wise, Zhang-Suen algorithm gives the best results with the
average process time being 0.00455188 seconds. But if we look at
the percentage of pixels that meet one-pixel thickness, Rosenfelt
algorithm gives the best results, with a 99.98% success rate. From the
number of pixels that are erased, NWG algorithm gives the best
results with the average number of pixels erased being 84.12%. It can
be concluded that the Hilditch algorithm performs least successfully
compared to the other three algorithms.
Abstract: The identification and elimination of bad
measurements is one of the basic functions of a robust state estimator
as bad data have the effect of corrupting the results of state
estimation according to the popular weighted least squares method.
However this is a difficult problem to handle especially when dealing
with multiple errors from the interactive conforming type. In this
paper, a self adaptive genetic based algorithm is proposed. The
algorithm utilizes the results of the classical linearized normal
residuals approach to tune the genetic operators thus instead of
making a randomized search throughout the whole search space it is
more likely to be a directed search thus the optimum solution is
obtained at very early stages(maximum of 5 generations). The
algorithm utilizes the accumulating databases of already computed
cases to reduce the computational burden to minimum. Tests are
conducted with reference to the standard IEEE test systems. Test
results are very promising.
Abstract: fifteen cultivars of Strawberries (Queen Eliza, Sequia,
Paros, Mcdonance, Selva, Chandler, Mrak, Ten beauty, Aliso, Pajero,
Kordestan, Camarosa, Blackmore, Gaviota and Fresno) were
investigated in 2011, under hydroponic system condition. Yield and
fruit Firmness was determinate. Chemical analyses of soluble solids
content (SSC), titratable acidity (TA), ascorbic acid (AA) and pH
were done. 4 cultivars (Aliso, Selva, Paros and Gaviota) yielded more
than 250 g/plant, while cultivar Black more, Fresno and Kordestan
produced less than 100g/plant. The amounts of fruit firmness
indicated that 'Camarosa' fruit was firmer than others cultivars.
Cultivar 'Fresno' had the highest pH (3.27). Ttitratable acidity varied
from 1.03g/l00g for cultivar 'Sequia' and 'Gaviota' to 1.48g/l00g for
cultivar 'Chandler'. Fresno, Kordestan, Aliso and Chandler showed
the highest soluble solid concentration. Ascorbic acid averaged for
most cultivars between 30.26 and 79.73 mg/100gf.w. Present results
showed that different cultivars of strawberry contain highly variable
in fruit quality.
Abstract: This work presents an approach for the measurement
of mutual inductance on near field inductive coupling. The mutual
inductance between inductive circuits allows the simulation of energy
transfer from reader to tag, that can be used in RFID and powerless
implantable devices. It also allows one to predict the maximum
voltage in the tag of the radio-frequency system.
Abstract: Electromyography (EMG) is the study of muscles function through analysis of electrical activity produced from muscles. This electrical activity which is displayed in the form of signal is the result of neuromuscular activation associated with muscle contraction. The most common techniques of EMG signal recording are by using surface and needle/wire electrode where the latter is usually used for interest in deep muscle. This paper will focus on surface electromyogram (SEMG) signal. During SEMG recording, several problems had to been countered such as noise, motion artifact and signal instability. Thus, various signal processing techniques had been implemented to produce a reliable signal for analysis. SEMG signal finds broad application particularly in biomedical field. It had been analyzed and studied for various interests such as neuromuscular disease, enhancement of muscular function and human-computer interface.
Abstract: The proximate composition, physical traits and
sensory properties of beef and chicken patties incorporated with
various level of dried cornsilk (Maydis stigma) were studied. The
beef and chicken patties were formulated with either 2%, 4% or 6%
of cornsilk. Both cooked beef and chicken patties incorporated with
6% cornsilk recorded the highest protein concentration at 23.3% and
28.42%, respectively. Both cooked beef and chicken patties
containing 6% cornsilk significantly recorded the lowest
concentration of fat at 11.4% and 14.60%, respectively. Beef and
chicken patties formulated with 6% cornsilk recorded the highest
cooking yield at 80.13% and 83.03% compared to other treatments.
The inclusion of cornsilk did not change the sensory properties and
consumer acceptability of cornsilk-based beef and chicken patties.
Cornsilk fibre has been effective in improving cooking yield,
moisture and fat retention of beef and chicken patties
Abstract: Compared to oil production from microorganisms, little work has been performed for mixed culture of microalgae and yeast. In this article it is aimed to show high oil accumulation potential of mixed culture of microalgae Chlorella sp. KKU-S2 and oleaginous yeast Torulaspora maleeae Y30 using sugarcane molasses as substrate. The monoculture of T. maleeae Y30 grew faster than that of microalgae Chlorella sp. KKU-S2. In monoculture of yeast, a biomass of 6.4g/L with specific growth rate (m) of 0.265 (1/d) and lipid yield of 0.466g/L were obtained, while 2.53g/L of biomass with m of 0.133 (1/d) and lipid yield of 0.132g/L were obtained for monoculture of Chlorella sp. KKU-S2. The biomass concentration in the mixed culture of T. maleeae Y30 with Chlorella sp. KKU-S2 increased faster and was higher compared with that in the monoculture and mixed culture of microalgae. In mixed culture of microalgae Chlorella sp. KKU-S2 and C. vulgaris TISTR8580, a biomass of 3.47g/L and lipid yield of 0.123 g/L were obtained. In mixed culture of T. maleeae Y30 with Chlorella sp. KKU-S2, a maximum biomass of 7.33 g/L and lipid yield of 0.808g/L were obtained. Maximum cell yield coefficient (YX/S, 0.229g/L), specific yield of lipid (YP/X, 0.11g lipid/g cells) and volumetric lipid production rate (QP, 0.115 g/L/d) were obtained in mixed culture of yeast and microalgae. Clearly, T. maleeae Y30 and Chlorella sp. KKU-S2 use sugarcane molasses as organic nutrients efficiently in mixed culture under mixotrophic growth. The biomass productivity and lipid yield are notably enhanced in comparison with monoculture.
Abstract: The mechanical behavior of porous media is governed by the interaction between its solid skeleton and the fluid existing inside its pores. The interaction occurs through the interface of gains and fluid. The traditional analysis methods of porous media, based on the effective stress and Darcy's law, are unable to account for these interactions. For an accurate analysis, the porous media is represented in a fluid-filled porous solid on the basis of the Biot theory of wave propagation in poroelastic media. In Biot formulation, the equations of motion of the soil mixture are coupled with the global mass balance equations to describe the realistic behavior of porous media. Because of irregular geometry, the domain is generally treated as an assemblage of fmite elements. In this investigation, the numerical formulation for the field equations governing the dynamic response of fluid-saturated porous media is analyzed and employed for the study of transient wave motion. A finite element model is developed and implemented into a computer code called DYNAPM for dynamic analysis of porous media. The weighted residual method with 8-node elements is used for developing of a finite element model and the analysis is carried out in the time domain considering the dynamic excitation and gravity loading. Newmark time integration scheme is developed to solve the time-discretized equations which are an unconditionally stable implicit method Finally, some numerical examples are presented to show the accuracy and capability of developed model for a wide variety of behaviors of porous media.
Abstract: Mapping between local and global coordinates is an
important issue in finite element method, as all calculations are
performed in local coordinates. The concern arises when subparametric
are used, in which the shape functions of the field variable
and the geometry of the element are not the same. This is particularly
the case for C* elements in which the extra degrees of freedoms
added to the nodes make the elements sub-parametric. In the present
work, transformation matrix for C1* (an 8-noded hexahedron
element with 12 degrees of freedom at each node) is obtained using
equivalent C0 elements (with the same number of degrees of
freedom). The convergence rate of 8-noded C1* element is nearly
equal to its equivalent C0 element, while it consumes less CPU time
with respect to the C0 element. The existence of derivative degrees
of freedom at the nodes of C1* element along with excellent
convergence makes it superior compared with it equivalent C0
element.
Abstract: Artificial Immune System is adopted as a Heuristic
Algorithm to solve the combinatorial problems for decades.
Nevertheless, many of these applications took advantage of the benefit
for applications but seldom proposed approaches for enhancing the
efficiency. In this paper, we continue the previous research to develop
a Self-evolving Artificial Immune System II via coordinating the T
and B cell in Immune System and built a block-based artificial
chromosome for speeding up the computation time and better
performance for different complexities of problems. Through the
design of Plasma cell and clonal selection which are relative the
function of the Immune Response. The Immune Response will help
the AIS have the global and local searching ability and preventing
trapped in local optima. From the experimental result, the significant
performance validates the SEAIS II is effective when solving the
permutation flows-hop problems.
Abstract: This paper seeks to explore the actual classroom
setting, to examine its role for students- learning, and attitude in the
class. It presents a theoretical approach of the classroom as system to
be explored and examines the concrete reality of Greek secondary
education students, under the light of the above approach. Based on
the findings of a quantitative and qualitative research, authors
propose a rather ontological approach of the classroom and underline
what the key-elements for such approach should be. The paper
explores extensively the theoretical dimensions for the change of
paradigm required and addresses the new issues to be considered.
Abstract: Tubular linear induction motor (TLIM) can be used as a capsule pump in a large pneumatic capsule pipeline (PCP) system. Parametric performance evaluation of the designed 1-meter diameter PCP-TLIM system yields encouraging results for practical implementation. The capsule thrust and speed inside the TLIM pump can be calculated from the combination of the PCP fluid mechanics and the TLIM equations. The TLIM equivalent circuits derived from those of the conventional three-phase induction motor are used as a model to predict the static test results of a small-scale PCP-TLIM system. In this paper, additional dynamic tests are performed on the same small-scale PCP-TLIM system with two capsules of different diameters. The behaviors of the capsule inside the pump are observed and analyzed. The dynamic performances from the dynamic tests are compared with the theoretical predictions based on the TLIM equivalent circuit model.
Abstract: In the traditional architecture, buildings were designed
to achieve human comfort by using locally available building materials and construction technology which were more responsive to
their climatic and geographic condition. This paper will try to bring out the wisdom of the local masons and builders, often the inhabitants
themselves, about their way of living, and shaping their built environment, indoor and outdoor spaces, as a response to the local
climatic conditions, from the findings of a field
settlement.
Abstract: The intention of this paper is, to help the user of evolutionary algorithms to adapt them easier to their problem at hand. For a lot of problems in the technical field it is not necessary to reach an optimum solution, but to reach a good solution in time. In many cases the solution is undetermined or there doesn-t exist a method to determine the solution. For these cases an evolutionary algorithm can be useful. This paper intents to give the user rules of thumb with which it is easier to decide if the problem is suitable for an evolutionary algorithm and how to design them.