Comparing Hilditch, Rosenfeld, Zhang-Suen,and Nagendraprasad -Wang-Gupta Thinning

This paper compares Hilditch, Rosenfeld, Zhang- Suen, dan Nagendraprasad Wang Gupta (NWG) thinning algorithms for Javanese character image recognition. Thinning is an effective process when the focus in not on the size of the pattern, but rather on the relative position of the strokes in the pattern. The research analyzes the thinning of 60 Javanese characters. Time-wise, Zhang-Suen algorithm gives the best results with the average process time being 0.00455188 seconds. But if we look at the percentage of pixels that meet one-pixel thickness, Rosenfelt algorithm gives the best results, with a 99.98% success rate. From the number of pixels that are erased, NWG algorithm gives the best results with the average number of pixels erased being 84.12%. It can be concluded that the Hilditch algorithm performs least successfully compared to the other three algorithms.

Authors:

• Anastasia Rita Widiarti

Keywords:

• Hilditch algorithm
• Nagendraprasad-Wang-Guptaalgorithm
• Rosenfeld algorithm
• Thinning
• Zhang-suen algorithm

References:

[1] Srihari, S.N., Lam, S.W., Govindaraju, V., Srihari, R.K., and Hull, J.J.
Document Image Understanding. New York: CEDAR, 1986.
[2] O-Gorman, L., and Kasturi, R. Executive briefing: documen image
analysis. USA: IEEE Computer Society Press, 1997.
[3] M. Shimizu, H. Fukuda, and G. Nakamura. "Thinning Algorithm for
Digital Figures of Characters", Proceeding 4th IEEE Southwest
Symposium on Image Analysis and Interpretation, 2000.Pp: 83-87.
[4] Zhang, T. Y. and Suen, Ching Y., "A Fast Parallel Algorithms For
Thinning Digital Patterns", Communication of the ACM, Vol 27, No. 3,
Maret 1984, pp.236-239.
[5] Lam, L. and Suen, Ching Y., "An Evaluation Of Parallel Thinning
Algorithms For Character Recognition", IEEE Transaction On Pattern
Analysis And Machine Intelligence, Vol 17, No. 9, September 1995,
pp.914-919.
[6] E. Adeline, Enhancement of Parallel Thinning Algorithm for
Handwritten Characters Using Neural Network, Master Thesis,
Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Computer Science and
Information Technology, Universiti Technologi Malaysia, 2005.
http://eprints.utm.my/3796/1/AdelineEngkamatMCD205ttt.pdf.
[7] Klette, Gisela. Skeletons in Digital Image Processing. 2002
[8] K.H. Lee, K.B. Eom, and R.L. Kashyap "Character Recognition Based
on Attribute-Dependent Programmed Grammar", IEEE Transaction On
Pattern Analysis And Machine Intelligence, VoL. 14, No. 11,
November 1992, pp.1122-1128.
[9] Nagendraprasad, MV., Wang, PSP., and Gupta, A., "Algorithms for
Thinning and Rethickening Binary Digital Pattern", Digital Signal
Processing, Vol. 3, 1993, pp. 97-102. http://dspace.mit.edu/
bitstream/handle/1721.1/46843/algorithmsforthi00nage.pdf?sequence=1
[10] Zhang, T. Y. dan Wang, P. S. P., "Analysis of Thinning Algorithms",
College of Computer Science Northeastern University Boston, MA
02115. 1992, pp.763-766.
[11] L. Lam, SW Lee, and CY. Suen, "Thinning Methodologies - A
Comprehensive Survey", IEEE Transaction on Pattern Analysis and
Machine Intelligence. Vol. 14, No. 9, September 1992, pp. 869-885.
[12] Dawoud, Amer dan Kamel, Mohamed, "New Approach for the
Skeletonization of Handwritten Characters in Gray-Level Images",
Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Document
Analysis and Recognition (ICDAR 2003), IEEE.
[13] Jang, BK., and Chin, RT., -Analysis of Thinning Algorithms Using
Mathematical Morphology", IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis
and Machine Intellegence. Vol. 12, No. 6, 1990, pp. 541-551.
[14] Rinaldi, Munir. Pengolahan Citra Digital dengan Pendekatan
Algoritmik. Bandung: Penerbit Informatika, 2004.
[15] Taussaint, Godfried. Skeletons. http://www.citr.auckland.ac.nz/
[16] Wang, PSP., and Zhang, YY. "A Fast and Flexsible Thinning
Algorithm", IEEE Transactions on Computer. Vol. 38, No. 5, 1989, pp.
741-745.