Abstract: Wireless sensor networks include small nodes which
have sensing ability; calculation and connection extend themselves
everywhere soon. Such networks have source limitation on
connection, calculation and energy consumption. So, since the nodes
have limited energy in sensor networks, the optimized energy
consumption in these networks is of more importance and has created
many challenges. The previous works have shown that by organizing
the network nodes in a number of clusters, the energy consumption
could be reduced considerably. So the lifetime of the network would
be increased. In this paper, we used the Queen-bee algorithm to
create energy efficient clusters in wireless sensor networks. The
Queen-bee (QB) is similar to nature in that the queen-bee plays a
major role in reproduction process. The QB is simulated with J-sim
simulator. The results of the simulation showed that the clustering by
the QB algorithm decreases the energy consumption with regard to
the other existing algorithms and increases the lifetime of the
network.
Abstract: Wireless Sensor Network is widely used in electronics. Wireless sensor networks are now used in many applications including military, environmental, healthcare applications, home automation and traffic control. We will study one area of wireless sensor networks, which is the routing protocol. Routing protocols are needed to send data between sensor nodes and the base station. In this paper, we will discuss two routing protocols, such as datacentric and hierarchical routing protocol. We will show the output of the protocols using the NS-2 simulator. This paper will compare the simulation output of the two routing protocol using Nam. We will simulate using Xgraph to find the throughput and delay of the protocol.
Abstract: In this paper, the problem of estimating the optimal
radio capacity of a single-cell spread spectrum (SS) multiple-inputmultiple-
output (MIMO) system operating in a Rayleigh fading environment
is examined. The optimisation between the radio capacity
and the theoretically achievable average channel capacity (in the
sense of information theory) per user of a MIMO single-cell SS system
operating in a Rayleigh fading environment is presented. Then,
the spectral efficiency is estimated in terms of the achievable average
channel capacity per user, during the operation over a broadcast
time-varying link, and leads to a simple novel-closed form expression
for the optimal radio capacity value based on the maximization
of the achieved spectral efficiency. Numerical results are presented to
illustrate the proposed analysis.
Abstract: Electrophoretic motion of a liquid droplet within an
uncharged cylindrical pore is investigated theoretically in this study. It
is found that the boundary effect in terms of the reduction of droplet
mobility (droplet velocity per unit strength of the applied electric field)
is very significant when the double layer surrounding the droplet is
thick, and diminishes as it gets very thin. Moreover, the viscosity ratio
of the ambient fluid to the internal one, σ, is a crucial factor in
determining its electrophoretic behavior. The boundary effect is less
significant as the viscosity ratio gets high. Up to 70% mobility
reduction is observed when this ratio is low (σ = 0.01), whereas only
40% reduction when it is high (σ = 100). The results of this study can
be utilized in various fields of biotechnology, such as a biosensor or a
lab-on-a-chip device.
Abstract: The posteroanterior manipulation technique is usually include in the procedure of the lumbar spine to evaluate the intervertebral motion according to mechanical resistance. The mechanical device with visual feedback was proposed that allows one to analysis the lumbar segments mobility “in vivo" facilitating for the therapist to take its treatment evolution. The measuring system uses load cell and displacement sensor to estimate spine stiffness. In this work, the device was tested by 2 therapists, female, applying posteroanterior force techniques to 5 volunteers, female, with frequency of approximately 1.2-1.8 Hz. A test-retest procedure was used for 2 periods of day. The visual feedback results small variation of forces and cycle time during 6 cycles rhythmic application. The stiffness values showed good agreement between test-retest procedures when used same order of maximum forces.
Abstract: The Sensor Network consists of densely deployed
sensor nodes. Energy optimization is one of the most important
aspects of sensor application design. Data acquisition and aggregation
techniques for processing data in-network should be energy efficient.
Due to the cross-layer design, resource-limited and noisy nature
of Wireless Sensor Networks(WSNs), it is challenging to study
the performance of these systems in a realistic setting. In this
paper, we propose optimizing queries by aggregation of data and
data redundancy to reduce energy consumption without requiring
all sensed data and directed diffusion communication paradigm to
achieve power savings, robust communication and processing data
in-network. To estimate the per-node power consumption POWERTossim
mica2 energy model is used, which provides scalable and
accurate results. The performance analysis shows that the proposed
methods overcomes the existing methods in the aspects of energy
consumption in wireless sensor networks.
Abstract: The need for micromechanical inertial sensors is increasing
in future electronic stability control (ESC) and other positioning,
navigation and guidance systems. Due to the rising density of
sensors in automotive and consumer devices the goal is not only to get
high performance, robustness and smaller package sizes, but also to
optimize the energy management of the overall sensor system. This
paper presents an evaluation concept for a surface micromachined
yaw rate sensor. Within this evaluation concept an energy-efficient
operation of the drive mode of the yaw rate sensor is enabled. The
presented system concept can be realized within a power management
subsystem.
Abstract: The presented paper shows the possibility of using
holographic interferometry for measurement of temperature field in
moving fluids. There are a few methods for identification of velocity
fields in fluids, such us LDA, PIV, hot wire anemometry. It is very
difficult to measure the temperature field in moving fluids. One of the
often used methods is Constant Current Anemometry (CCA), which
is a point temperature measurement method. Data are possibly
acquired at frequencies up to 1000Hz. This frequency should be
limiting factor for using of CCA in fluid when fast change of
temperature occurs. This shortcoming of CCA measurements should
be overcome by using of optical methods such as holographic
interferometry. It is necessary to employ a special holographic setup
with double sensitivity instead of the commonly used Mach-Zehnder
type of holographic interferometer in order to attain the parameters
sufficient for the studied case. This setup is not light efficient like the
Mach-Zehnder type but has double sensitivity. The special technique
of acquiring and phase averaging of results from holographic
interferometry is also presented. The results from the holographic
interferometry experiments will be compared with the temperature
field achieved by methods CCA method.
Abstract: We identify clawback triggers from firms- proxy
statements (Form DEF 14A) and use the likelihood of restatements to
proxy for financial reporting quality. Based on a sample of 578 U.S.
firms that voluntarily adopt clawback provisions during 2003-2009,
when restatement-based triggers could be decomposed into two types:
fraud and unintentional error, and we do observe the evidence that
using fraud triggers is associated with high financial reporting quality.
The findings support that fraud triggers can enhance deterrent effect of
clawback provision by establishing a viable disincentive against fraud,
misconduct, and otherwise harmful acts. These results are robust to
controlling for the compensation components, to different sample
specifications and to a number of sensitivity.
Abstract: The prediction of long-term deformations of concrete and reinforced concrete structures has been a field of extensive research and several different creep models have been developed so far. Most of the models were developed for constant concrete stresses, thus, in case of varying stresses a specific superposition principle or time-integration, respectively, is necessary. Nowadays, when modeling concrete creep the engineering focus is rather on the application of sophisticated time-integration methods than choosing the more appropriate creep model. For this reason, this paper presents a method to quantify the uncertainties of creep prediction originating from the selection of creep models or from the time-integration methods. By adapting variance based global sensitivity analysis, a methodology is developed to quantify the influence of creep model selection or choice of time-integration method. Applying the developed method, general recommendations how to model creep behavior for varying stresses are given.
Abstract: A healthcare monitoring system is presented in this
paper. This system is based on ultra-low power sensor nodes and a
personal server, which is based on hardware and software extensions
to a Personal Digital Assistant (PDA)/Smartphone. The sensor node
collects data from the body of a patient and sends it to the personal
server where the data is processed, displayed and made ready to be
sent to a healthcare network, if necessary. The personal server
consists of a compact low power receiver module and equipped with
a Smartphone software. The receiver module takes less than 30 × 30
mm board size and consumes approximately 25 mA in active mode.
Abstract: On the basis of questionnaires and interviews of two samples of subjects (French and Anglo-Saxon) for which two food products were presented (one of the subject’s country and one of the foreign country), we have shown how consumers could be sensitive to the label or brand written on the package of the food product. Furthermore, in the light of Intersubjectivity theory, we have shown the necessity for the consumer to find congruence between the direct and meta perspective towards the product for which the producer and especially the marketer is responsible. Taking into account these findings may help to avoid the commercial failure of a brand while exported abroad.
Abstract: This study aims at using multi-source data to monitor
coral biodiversity and coral bleaching. We used coral reef at Racha
Islands, Phuket as a study area. There were three sources of data:
coral diversity, sensor based data and satellite data.
Abstract: This study performs a comparative analysis of the 21 Greek Universities in terms of their public funding, awarded for covering their operating expenditure. First it introduces a DEA/MCDM model that allocates the fund into four expenditure factors in the most favorable way for each university. Then, it presents a common, consensual assessment model to reallocate the amounts, remaining in the same level of total public budget. From the analysis it derives that a number of universities cannot justify the public funding in terms of their size and operational workload. For them, the sufficient reduction of their public funding amount is estimated as a future target. Due to the lack of precise data for a number of expenditure criteria, the analysis is based on a mixed crisp-ordinal data set.
Abstract: Blood pulse is an important human physiological signal commonly used for the understanding of the individual physical health. Current methods of non-invasive blood pulse sensing require direct contact or access to the human skin. As such, the performances of these devices tend to vary with time and are subjective to human body fluids (e.g. blood, perspiration and skin-oil) and environmental contaminants (e.g. mud, water, etc). This paper proposes a simulation model for the novel method of non-invasive acquisition of blood pulse using the disturbance created by blood flowing through a localized magnetic field. The simulation model geometry represents a blood vessel, a permanent magnet, a magnetic sensor, surrounding tissues and air in 2-dimensional. In this model, the velocity and pressure fields in the blood stream are described based on Navier-Stroke equations and the walls of the blood vessel are assumed to have no-slip condition. The blood assumes a parabolic profile considering a laminar flow for blood in major artery near the skin. And the inlet velocity follows a sinusoidal equation. This will allow the computational software to compute the interactions between the magnetic vector potential generated by the permanent magnet and the magnetic nanoparticles in the blood. These interactions are simulated based on Maxwell equations at the location where the magnetic sensor is placed. The simulated magnetic field at the sensor location is found to assume similar sinusoidal waveform characteristics as the inlet velocity of the blood. The amplitude of the simulated waveforms at the sensor location are compared with physical measurements on human subjects and found to be highly correlated.
Abstract: An optical fiber Fabry-Perot interferometer (FFPI) is
proposed and demonstrated for dynamic measurements in a
mechanical vibrating target. A polishing metal with a low reflectance
value adhered to a mechanical vibrator was excited via a function
generator at various excitation frequencies. Output interference
fringes were generated by modulating the reference and sensing
signal at the output arm. A fringe-counting technique was used for
interpreting the displacement information on the dedicated computer.
The fiber interferometer has been found the capability of the
displacement measurements of 1.28 μm – 96.01 μm. A commercial
displacement sensor was employed as a reference sensor for
investigating the measurement errors from the fiber sensor. A
maximum percentage measurement error of approximately 1.59 %
was obtained.
Abstract: This paper describes the process used in the
automation of the Maritime UAV commands using the Kinect sensor.
The AR Drone is a Quadrocopter manufactured by Parrot [1] to be
controlled using the Apple operating systems such as iPhones and
Ipads. However, this project uses the Microsoft Kinect SDK and
Microsoft Visual Studio C# (C sharp) software, which are compatible
with Windows Operating System for the automation of the navigation
and control of the AR drone.
The navigation and control software for the Quadrocopter runs on
a windows 7 computer. The project is divided into two sections; the
Quadrocopter control system and the Kinect sensor control system.
The Kinect sensor is connected to the computer using a USB cable
from which commands can be sent to and from the Kinect sensors.
The AR drone has Wi-Fi capabilities from which it can be connected
to the computer to enable transfer of commands to and from the
Quadrocopter.
The project was implemented in C#, a programming language that
is commonly used in the automation systems. The language was
chosen because there are more libraries already established in C# for
both the AR drone and the Kinect sensor.
The study will contribute toward research in automation of
systems using the Quadrocopter and the Kinect sensor for navigation
involving a human operator in the loop. The prototype created has
numerous applications among which include the inspection of vessels
such as ship, airplanes and areas that are not accessible by human
operators.
Abstract: The importance of happiness understanding research is caused by cardinal changes experiences in system of people values in the post-Soviet countries territory. «The time of changes», which characterized with destruction of old values and not creativeness of new, stimulating experiences by the person of existential vacuum. The given research is actual not only in connection with sense formation, but also in connection with necessity creatively to adapt in integrative space. According to numerous works [1,2,3], we define happiness as the peak experience connected with satisfaction correlated system of needs, dependent on style of subject's coping behavior.
Abstract: The present study focuses on the discussion over the
parameter of Artificial Neural Network (ANN). Sensitivity analysis is
applied to assess the effect of the parameters of ANN on the prediction
of turbidity of raw water in the water treatment plant. The result shows
that transfer function of hidden layer is a critical parameter of ANN.
When the transfer function changes, the reliability of prediction of
water turbidity is greatly different. Moreover, the estimated water
turbidity is less sensitive to training times and learning velocity than
the number of neurons in the hidden layer. Therefore, it is important to
select an appropriate transfer function and suitable number of neurons
in the hidden layer in the process of parameter training and validation.
Abstract: A combination of image fusion and quad tree decomposition method is used for detecting the sunspot trajectories in each month and computation of the latitudes of these trajectories in each solar hemisphere. Daily solar images taken with SOHO satellite are fused for each month and the result of fused image is decomposed with Quad Tree decomposition method in order to classifying the sunspot trajectories and then to achieve the precise information about latitudes of sunspot trajectories. Also with fusion we deduce some physical remarkable conclusions about sun magnetic fields behavior. Using quad tree decomposition we give information about the region on sun surface and the space angle that tremendous flares and hot plasma gases permeate interplanetary space and attack to satellites and human technical systems. Here sunspot images in June, July and August 2001 are used for studying and give a method to compute the latitude of sunspot trajectories in each month with sunspot images.