Abstract: Wireless Sensor Network is Multi hop Self-configuring
Wireless Network consisting of sensor nodes. The deployment of
wireless sensor networks in many application areas, e.g., aggregation
services, requires self-organization of the network nodes into clusters.
Efficient way to enhance the lifetime of the system is to partition the
network into distinct clusters with a high energy node as cluster head.
The different methods of node clustering techniques have appeared in
the literature, and roughly fall into two families; those based on the
construction of a dominating set and those which are based solely on
energy considerations. Energy optimized cluster formation for a set
of randomly scattered wireless sensors is presented. Sensors within a
cluster are expected to be communicating with cluster head only. The
energy constraint and limited computing resources of the sensor nodes
present the major challenges in gathering the data. In this paper we
propose a framework to study how partially correlated data affect the
performance of clustering algorithms. The total energy consumption
and network lifetime can be analyzed by combining random geometry
techniques and rate distortion theory. We also present the relation
between compression distortion and data correlation.
Abstract: This work was conducted to improve the level of
resistant starch (RS) in a rice noodle using unripe banana flour and to
investigate the effect of substitution of unripe banana flour for rice
flour on the physical properties of rice noodle. In order to prepare
rice noodles, the unripe banana flour were replaced the rice flour
with different degrees of substitutions including 0, 20, 40, 60, 80, and
100%. The results indicated that substitution of unripe banana flour
was significantly affected the viscosity properties of noodle flour,
color, cooking loss, RS and total starch content of noodle. It was
found that the noodle prepared from 100% unripe banana indicated
the greatest changes on the viscosity properties and color profiles. It
also showed the highest values of cooking loss (2.53%), tensile
strength (129.03%), and RS content (13.15%).
Abstract: This paper presents a 2-D hydrodynamic model of the ablated plasma when irradiating a 50 μm Al solid target with a single pulsed ion beam. The Lagrange method is used to solve the moving fluid for the ablated plasma production and formation mechanism. In the calculations, a 10-ns-single-pulsed of ion beam with a total energy density of 120 J/cm2, is used. The results show that the ablated plasma was formed after 2 ns of ion beam irradiation and it started to expand right after 4-6 ns. In addition, the 2-D model give a better understanding of pulsed ion beam-solid target ablated plasma production and expansion process clearer.
Abstract: Using strength Pulse Electrical Field (PEF) in food
industries is a non-thermal process that can deactivate
microorganisms and increase penetration in plant and animals tissues
without serious impact on food taste and quality. In this paper designing and fabricating of a PEF generator has been presented. Pulse generation methods have been surveyed and the best of them
selected. The equipment by controller set can generate square pulse with adjustable parameters such as amplitude 1-5kV, frequency 0.1-10Hz, pulse width 10-100s, and duty cycle 0-100%. Setting the number of pulses, and presenting the output voltage and current
waveforms on the oscilloscope screen are another advantages of this
equipment. Finally, some food samples were tested that yielded the satisfactory results. PEF applying had considerable effects on potato, banana and purple cabbage. It caused increase Brix factor from 0.05
to 0.15 in potato solution. It is also so effective in extraction color material from purple cabbage. In the last experiment effects of PEF
voltages on color extraction of saffron scum were surveyed (about 6% increasing yield).
Abstract: The construction of original functional sample of the portable device for fast analysis of energetic materials has been described in the paper. The portable device consisting of two parts – an original miniaturized microcolumn liquid chromatograph and a unique chemiluminescence detector – has been proposed and realized. In a very short time, this portable device is capable of identifying selectively most of military nitramine- and nitroesterbased explosives as well as inorganic nitrates occurring in trace concentrations in water or in soil. The total time required for the identification of extracts is shorter than 8 minutes.
Abstract: The alternative technique for sterilization of culture
medium to replace autoclaving was carried out. For sterilization of
culture medium without autoclaving, some commercial pure essential
oils, bergamot oil, betel oil, cinnamon oil, lavender oil and turmeric
oil, were tested alone or in combinations with some disinfectants,
10% povidone-iodine and 2% iodine + 2.4% potassium iodide. Each
essential oil or combination was added to 25-mL Murashige and
Skoog (MS) medium before medium was solidified in a 120-mL
container, kept for 2 weeks before evaluating sterile conditions.
Treated media, supplemented with essential oils, were compared to
control medium, autoclaved at 121 degree Celsius for 15 min. In
vitro sterile conditions were found 20 – 100% from these treated
media compared to 100% sterile condition from autoclaved medium.
Treated media obtained 100% sterile conditions were chosen for
culturing chrysanthemum shoots. It was found that 10% povidoneiodine
in combination with cinnamon oil (3:1) and 2% iodine + 2.4%
potassium iodide in combination with lavender oil (1:3) at the
concentration of 36 3L/25 mL medium provided the promising
growth of shoot explants.
Abstract: Recently, permeable breakwaters have been suggested to overcome the disadvantages of fully protection breakwaters. These protection structures have minor impacts on the coastal environment and neighboring beaches where they provide a more economical protection from waves and currents. For regular waves, a numerical model is used (FLOW-3D, VOF) to investigate the hydraulic performance of a permeable breakwater. The model of permeable breakwater consists of a pair of identical vertical slotted walls with an impermeable upper and lower part, where the draft is a decimal multiple of the total depth. The middle part is permeable with a porosity of 50%. The second barrier is located at distant of 0.5 and 1.5 of the water depth from the first one. The numerical model is validated by comparisons with previous laboratory data and semi-analytical results of the same model. A good agreement between the numerical results and both laboratory data and semi-analytical results has been shown and the results indicate the applicability of the numerical model to reproduce most of the important features of the interaction. Through the numerical investigation, the friction factor of the model is carefully discussed.
Abstract: In order to evaluation the effects of natural, biological
and chemical fertilizers on grain yield and chickpea quality, field
experiments were carried out in 2007 and 2008 growing seasons. In
this research the effects of different organic, chemical and biological
fertilizers were investigated on grain yield and quality of chickpea.
Experimental units were arranged in split-split plots based on
randomized complete blocks with three replications. The highest
amounts of yield and yield components were obtained in G1×N5
interaction. Significant increasing of N, P, K, Fe and Mg content in
leaves and grains emphasized on superiority of mentioned treatment
because each one of these nutrients has an approved role in
chlorophyll synthesis and photosynthesis ability of the crop. The
combined application of compost, farmyard manure and chemical
phosphorus (N5) had the best grain quality due to high protein, starch
and total sugar contents, low crude fiber and reduced cooking time.
Abstract: This paper presents a method for obtaining the
desired reference current for Voltage Source Converter (VSC) of the Shunt Active Power Filter (SAPF) using Synchronous Reference Frame Theory. The method relies on the performance of the Proportional-Integral (PI) controller for
obtaining the best control performance of the SAPF. To
improve the performance of the PI controller, the feedback
path to the integral term is introduced to compensate the
winding up phenomenon due to integrator. Using Reference
Frame Transformation, reference signals are transformed from
a - b - c stationery frame to 0 - d - q rotating frame.
Using the PI controller, the reference signals in the 0 - d - q rotating frame are controlled to get the desired reference signals for the Pulse Width Modulation. The synchronizer, the Phase Locked Loop (PLL) with PI filter is used for
synchronization, with much emphasis on minimizing delays. The system performance is examined with Shunt Active Power Filter simulation model.
Abstract: As we make progressive products for good works, and
future industries want to get higher speed and resolution from various
developments in the robotics as well as precise control system, the
concept of control feedback is getting more important. Within a range
of industrial developments, the concept is most responsible for the
high reliability of a device. We explain an efficient analyzing method
of a rotary encoder such as an incremental type encoder and absolute
type encoder using the LabVIEW program
Abstract: The effect of flakes from biologically activated hullless barley grain and malt extract on microbiological safety of yoghurt was studied. Pasteurized milk, freeze-dried yoghurt culture YF-L811 (Chr. Hansen, Denmark), flakes from biologically activated hull-less barley grain (Latvia) and malt extract (Ilgezeem, Latvia) were used for experiments. Yoghurt samples with flakes from biologically activated hull-less barley grain and malt extract were analyzed for total plate count of mesophylic aerobic and facultative anaerobic microorganisms, as well yeasts and moulds population during shelflife. Results showed that the changes of pH and titratable acidity affected the concentration of added malt extract. The lowest pH and the highest titratable acidity were determined in samples YFBG5% ME4% and YFBG5% ME6% on the 14th day. The total plate count decreased in all yoghurt samples except sample YFBG5% ME6%, where was determined the increase of microorganisms from 7th till 14th day. The adding of flakes from biologically activated hull-less barley grain in yoghurt samples caused the higher initial content of yeasts and moulds comparing with control. The growth of yeasts and moulds during shelf-life provided the added malt extract in yoghurt samples. Yoghurt enriched with flakes from biologically activated hull-less barley grain and malt extract from a microbiological perspective is safe product.
Abstract: Aims for this study: first, to compare the expertise
level in data analysis, communication and information technologies
in undergraduate psychology students. Second, to verify the factor
structure of E-ETICA (Escala de Experticia en Tecnologias de la Informacion, la Comunicacion y el Análisis or Data Analysis,
Communication and Information'Expertise Scale) which had shown
an excellent internal consistency (α= 0.92) as well as a simple factor
structure. Three factors, Complex, Basic Information and
Communications Technologies and E-Searching and Download
Abilities, explains 63% of variance. In the present study, 260
students (119 juniors and 141 seniors) were asked to respond to
ETICA (16 items Likert scale of five points 1: null domain to 5: total
domain). The results show that both junior and senior students report
having very similar expertise level; however, E-ETICA presents a
different factor structure for juniors and four factors explained also
63% of variance: Information E-Searching, Download and Process;
Data analysis; Organization; and Communication technologies.
Abstract: The nutrient composition and sensory properties of
poultry-based patties (PBPs) incorporated with various levels of grey
oyster mushroom (Pleurotus sajor-caju, PSC) were studied. The
PBPs were formulated with either 0%, 25% or 50% of fresh ground
PSC. Results show poultry patty formulated with 25% PSC had
protein content of 17.46% lower than the control patty which had
18.13% but it was not significant. Meanwhile, both cooked poultry
patties containing 25% and 50% PSC significantly recorded lower
concentration of fat at 10.67% and 7.15%, respectively. On the other
hand, poultry patty added with 50% ground PSC shows the highest
concentration of total dietary fibre (TDF) of 4.90 g/100g compared to
poultry patty containing 25% of mushroom (3.40 g/100g) and to the
control (1.90g/100g). In addition, patty incorporated with 25% PSC
had moisture content of 57.91% which is significantly lower than
patty formulated with 50% which had moisture of 61.80%. In the
sensory evaluation, there were no differences recorded in all sensory
attributes of PSC-based patties judged by untrained panelists. In
conclusion, the addition of PSC to replace poultry meat can be
recommended for the purpose of lowering production cost, enhancing
nutritional composition and maintaining the acceptability of poultry
patties.
Abstract: The Merrifield-Simmons index of a graph G is defined as the total number of its independent sets. A (n, n + 2)-graph is a connected simple graph with n vertices and n + 2 edges. In this paper we characterize the (n, n+2)-graph with the largest Merrifield- Simmons index. We show that its Merrifield-Simmons index i.e. the upper bound of the Merrifield-Simmons index of the (n, n+2)-graphs is 9 × 2n-5 +1 for n ≥ 5.
Abstract: In this paper, the optical generation of three bands of
continuously tunable millimeter-wave signals using an optical phase
modulator (OPM) and a polarization state rotation filter (PSRF) as an
optical notch filter is analyzed. The effect of the chromatic dispersion
on millimeter-wave signals is presented.
Abstract: There has been considerable growth in the issue of
food & beverage safety in Thailand. This is important because the
level of satisfaction in food & beverage safety has impacts on travel
decision made by foreign tourists. Therefore, this paper was aimed to
test if there is any significant gender effect in the level of satisfaction
of food & beverage safety made by foreign tourists in Thailand. In
addition, this paper utilized the Chi Square test of independent to test
if there was an association between gender and sickness because of
food and if there was an association between gender and the
perception of food safety standard. During January to June, 2012, a
total of 400 foreign tourist respondents, 200 male as well as 200
female foreign tourists, were interviewed at the departure lounge at
Suvarnabhumi airport, Thailand. The findings revealed the
astonishing result that there was no significant effect of gender. Also,
there was no significant difference in the association between gender
and being sick because of food as well as the association between
gender and the perception on the standard of food safety during their
trip in Thailand.
Abstract: Supply network management adopts a systematic
and integrative approach to managing the operations and
relationships of various parties in a supply network. The objective
of the manufactures in their supply network is to reduce inventory
costs and increase customer satisfaction levels. One way of doing
that is to synchronize delivery performance. A supply network can
be described by nodes representing the companies and the links
(relationships) between these nodes. Uncertainty in delivery time
depends on type of network relationship between suppliers. The
problem is to understand how the individual uncertainties influence
the total uncertainty of the network and identify those parts of the
network, which has the highest potential for improving the total
delivery time uncertainty.
Abstract: The effect of cross linking of the protein isolates of
three legumes with the microbial enzyme transglutaminase (EC
2.3.2.13) on the functional properties at different NaCl concentration
was studied. The reduction in the total free amino groups (OD340) of
the polymerized protein showed that TGase treatment cross-linking
the protein subunit of each legume. The solubility of the protein
polymer of each legume was greatly improved at high concentration
of NaCl. At 1.2 M NaCl the solubility of the native legumes protein
was significantly decreased but after polymerization slightly
improved. Cross linked proteins were less turbid on heating to higher
temperature as compared to native proteins and the temperature at
which the protein turns turbid also increased in the polymerized
proteins. The emulsifying and foaming properties of the protein
polymer were greatly improved at all concentrations of NaCl for all
legumes.
Abstract: Biodiversity crisis is one of the many crises that
started at the turn of the millennia. Concrete form of expression is
still disputed, but there is a relatively high consensus regarding the
high rate of degradation and the urgent need for action. The strategy
of action outlines a strong economic component, together with the
recognition of market mechanisms as the most effective policies to
protect biodiversity. In this context, biodiversity and ecosystem
services are natural assets that play a key role in economic strategies
and technological development to promote development and
prosperity. Developing and strengthening policies for transition to an
economy based on efficient use of resources is the way forward.
To emphasize the co-viability specific to the connection economyecosystem
services, scientific approach aimed on one hand how to
implement policies for nature conservation and on the other hand, the
concepts underlying the economic expression of ecosystem services-
value, in the context of current technology. Following the analysis of
business opportunities associated with changes in ecosystem services
was concluded that development of market mechanisms for nature
conservation is a trend that is increasingly stronger individualized
within recent years. Although there are still many controversial issues
that have already given rise to an obvious bias, international
organizations and national governments have initiated and
implemented in cooperation or independently such mechanisms.
Consequently, they created the conditions for convergence between
private interests and social interests of nature conservation, so there
are opportunities for ongoing business development which leads,
among other things, the positive effects on biodiversity. Finally,
points out that markets fail to quantify the value of most ecosystem
services. Existing price signals reflect at best, only a proportion of the
total amount corresponding provision of food, water or fuel.
Abstract: This study focuses on emission of black carbon (BC)
from field open burning of corn residues. Real-time BC
concentration was measured by Micro Aethalometer from field
burning and simulated open burning in a chamber (SOC)
experiments. The average concentration of BC was 1.18±0.47 mg/m3
in the field and 0.89±0.63 mg/m3 in the SOC. The deduced emission
factor from field experiments was 0.50±0.20 gBC/kgdm, and 0.56±0.33
gBC/kgdm from SOC experiment, which are in good agreement with
other studies. In 2007, the total burned area of corn crop was 8,000
ha, resulting in an emission load of BC 20 ton corresponding to 44.5
million kg CO2 equivalent. Therefore, the control of open burning in
corn field represents a significant global warming reduction option.